• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제33권9호
• /
• pp.754-765
• /
• 2023

엑소좀은 단백질, mRNA 및 miRNA를 포함하고 모든 유형의 세포에서 분비되는 세포 외 소포의 일종이다. 방출된 엑소좀은 인접하거나 멀리 있는 다른 세포에 의해 선택적으로 흡수되어 그 내용물을 방출하고 표적 세포를 재프로그래밍한다. 엑소좀은 세포에 의해 생성되는 작은 천연 소포이므로 무독성과 비면역원성의 특징이 있는 것으로 받아들여지고 있다. 최근에는 엑소좀이 중추신경계에 대한 약물 전달체로 과학적 관심을 받고 있다. 중추신경계에는 약물의 침투를 어렵게 하는 혈뇌장벽이 있고 이는 퇴행성신경질환의 치료제 개발에 큰 걸림돌이 되어왔다. 그러나 축적된 연구결과들을 볼 때, 엑소좀이 주로 트랜스사이토시스를 통해 혈뇌장벽을 통과할 수 있음이 제시되었다. 이러한 결과를 종합하면, 엑소좀은 혈뇌장벽을 넘어 뇌 실질조직에 약물을 전달할 수 있는 새로운 전달 수단이 될 것으로 기대된다. 또한 세포의 종류와 질병상태에 따라 분비되는 엑소좀의 종류가 다르기 때문에 엑소좀은 중추신경계 질환의 진단을 위한 바이오마커로도 활용될 수 있다. 본 총설 논문에서는 중추신경계 질환에 대한 바이오마커 및 치료 옵션으로서의 임상시험을 포함한 엑소좀에 대한 최근 연구동향을 정리하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제58권6호
• /
• pp.1180-1185
• /
• 2009

Spasticity is a velocity-dependent stretch reflex disorder of the body motor system developing after the injury of the central nervous system, in which certain muscles are continuously contracted involuntarily. Conventional methods such as the modified Ashworth scale, Spasm frequency scale, pendulum test and isokinetic dynamometer had some disadvantages: limitation in discriminating the increase of resistance, immovable and expensive device, not enough study parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce clinically more useful instrument, which can produce objective data and are more convenient on spasticity measurement. Spasticity measuring methods were reviewed and a new measuring instrument was designed and introduced. The new measuring system is a portable spasticity-measurement system, which encompass various scopes of spasticity-related human signals such as electrophysiologic, kinematic and biomechanical data. Our device was designed in order to measure the joint angle, angular velocity, electromyographic signals and force. We suggest that this new system can diagnose the spasticity of the muscles, objectively.

• 대한자기공명의과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한자기공명의과학회 2003년도 제8차 학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.25-25
• /
• 2003

Purpose： In order to characterise primary central nervous system Iymphomas (PCNSL) and to evaluate if 1H spectroscopy improves the preoperative differential diagnosis of other diseases. Method： We reviewed 11 MR imaging and 7 MR spectroscopy of 9 patient with Iymphoma confirmed by stereotatic biopsy.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제54권1호
• /
• pp.61-64
• /
• 2013

As a cause of spinal cord compression, intramedullary spinal tuberculoma with central nervous system (CNS) involvement is rare. Aurthors report a 66-year-old female presented with multiple CNS tuberculomas including spinal intramedullary tuberculoma manifesting paraparesis and urinary dysfunction. We review the clinical menifestation and experiences of previous reported literature.

• 혜화의학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.17-21
• /
• 2008

화침은 오행 침법 중의 하나로써 다양한 질환에서 매우 효과적으로 작용하며, 최근 한의학계에서 많은 주목을 받고 있기도 하다. 본 연구의 목적은 화침의 중추신경질환 유래의 보행 장애에 미치는 효과를 평가하기 위한 것으로, 몇가지 임상증례를 통하여 분석하였다. 환자를 맥의 형태에 따라 5가지 유형으로 나누어 치료하였고, 치료 후 대부분 증상이 빠른 속도로 회복되었으며 다른 사람의 도움이 필요 없이 자가 보행이 가능하게 되었다. 이러한 결과들은 화침이 중추신경계질환의 보행 장애 환자에게 좋은 효과와 아울러 보행 장애에 대한 화침의 잠재적 가능성을 보여준다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제55권3호
• /
• pp.164-166
• /
• 2014

Ganglioglioma is an infrequent tumor of the central nervous system (CNS); mostly supratentorial region. But, they can occur anywhere in the central nervous system such as brainstem, cerebellopontine angle (CPA), thalamus, optic nerve and spinal cord. Although it occurs rarely, ganglioglioma should be included in the differential diagnosis of a posterior fossa mass because early recognition is important for treatment and patient counseling.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.65-74
• /
• 2013

Although the geometrical difference in body position between web-building and wandering spiders could affect the organization of their central nervous system (CNS), however most of our informations about spider's CNS are dependent on those revealed from the wandering spiders. Therefore, this paper describes microstructural organizations of the CNS in the geometric orb-web spider Araneus ventricosus. Similarly to other wandering spiders, the CNS of A. ventricosus is also consisted of a dorsal supraesophageal ganglion and a ventral subesophageal mass. The supraesophageal ganglia are fused together and made up of a large sized nerve cell clusters, whereas the subesophageal ganglia are made up of the foremost part of the ventral nerve cord. It has been revealed that the only nerve arising from the supraesophageal mass was the optic nerve which connected with four pairs of eyes, whereas a pair of pedipalpal and four pairs of appendage nerves including abdominal nerve pairs were arisen from the subesophageal nerve mass. Fibrous masses are highly organized into longitudinal and transverse tracts, and are only consisted of processes of neurons and the terminal ramnifications of peripheral sensory neurons. In addition, central fibrous mass of both the brain and the subesophageal mass are totally devoid of nerve cell bodies.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2018

In recent years, with continuous research efforts targeted at studying the effects of pre- and after-treatment of inhaled anesthetics, significant progress has been made regarding the common clinical use of low concentrations of inhaled sevoflurane and its effect on induced central ischemia tolerance by pre- and post-treatment. In this study, we collected, analyzed, classified, and summarized recent literature regarding the effect of sevoflurane on central ischemia tolerance and its related mechanisms. In addition, we provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of sevoflurane to protect the central nervous system and other important organs against ischemic injury.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2018

The characteristic features of the arachnid central nervous system (CNS) are related to its body segmentation, and the body in the Opiliones appears to be a single oval structure because of its broad connection between two tagmata (prosoma and opisthosoma). Nevertheless, structural organization of the ganglionic neurons and nerves in the harvestman Leiobunum japonicum is quite similar to the CNS in most other arachnids. This paper describes the fine structural details of the main groups of neuropiles in the CNS ganglia revealed by the transmission electron microscopy. In particular, electron-microscopic features of neural clusters in the main neuroganglia of the CNS (supraesophageal ganglion, protocerebral ganglion, optic lobes, central body, and subesophageal ganglion) could provide indications for the nervous pathways associated with nerve terminations and plexuses. The CNS of this harvestman consists of a supraesophageal ganglion (brain) and a subesophageal mass, and there are no ganglia in the abdomen. Cell bodies of neuroganglia are found in the periphery, but central parts of the ganglia are mostly fibrous in all ganglia. Neuroglial cells occupy the spaces left by nerve cells. Since the nerve cells in the ganglia are typical composed of monopolar neurons, axons and dendrites of neurons are distributed along the same direction.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
• /
• pp.14-23
• /
• 2002

The nervous system consists of two types of cells, which are neurons and glial cells. Among the glial cells, oligodendrodendrocytes and schwann cells form myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), respectively. The major function of myelin in vertebrates is to insulate axonal and help action potential travel faster.(omitted)