• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.806-811
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• 2002

A 90 d study was designed to investigate the effects of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) and a mixture of Cu, Zn and Mn proteinate (CZMP) on milk yield and composition and ovarian functions during rainy months. Twenty four Holstein${\times}$ indigenous cows in their 2nd and 3rd lactation were randomly allocated to total mixed rations (TMR) containing soy bean meal (SBM) as a source of rumen degradable protein (RDP), SBM plus CZMP, and formalin treated SBM (FSBM) as a source of RUP. Maximum and minimum temperature humidity index during the experimental period were 83.6-84.7 and 75.4-76.1. There were no differences (p>0.05) in intakes of dry matter, crude protein and net energy and in contents of butterfat, lactose and minerals. Cows on TMR containing FSBM not only lost less weight (-278, -467 and -433 g/d) with more intake of RUP (0.92, 0.58 and 0.59 kg/d) but also produced more milk (19.27, 18.23 and 18.13 kg/d) and 4% fat corrected milk (18.57, 17.57 and 17.51 kg/d) with more protein (3.06, 2.81 and 2.80%), solids-not-fat (8.69, 8.38 and 8.38%) and less milk urea N (9.3, 15.4 and 15.0 mg/dl) compared with those on TMR containing SBM and SBM+CZMP, respectively (p<0.01). However, cows on TMR containing SBM and SBM+CZMP did not differ in these respects (p>0.05). Whereas incidence of cystic ovaries at 20 and 90 d pospartum was less (p<0.01) in cows on TMR containing SBM+CZMP (37.3 and 12.5%) than those on TMR containing SBM (62.5 and 25%), it was nil for cows on TMR containing FSBM. Cows in all three group differed (p<0.01) from each other for the recurrence of first observed estrus with those on TMR containing FSBM having least days (22, 36 and 47 d) compared with their counterpart on TMR containing SBM+CZMP and SBM, repectively. The results suggest that RUP is one of the limiting factors affecting milk yield and its composition and ovarian functions during early lactation of dairy cows in the tropics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.339-347
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• 2017

The objectives of this study were to analyze ecological characteristics of fish compositions and estimate the optimal ecological flow using the physical habitat simulation system (PHABSIM) in Wonju stream and Boseong river. We sampled fishes using two gears such as casting net and kicknet to determine fish distribution and also measured flow velocity, water depth, bed material at the point where fish collected. Total number of species and individuals sampled were 20 and 2,104, respectively and dominant species was Zacco platypus (39.7%) and subdominant species was Z. koreanus (RA: 15.8%) in Wonju stream. In Boseong river, collected fishes were 1,638 individuals, 28 species. Dominant and sub-dominant species was Z. platypus (RA: 22.0%) and Microphysogobio yaluensis (RA: 17.2%), respectively. For calculating habitat suitability index (HSI), we selected Z. platypus as representative fish species and analyzed water depth and flow velocity. Water depth and flow velocity were 0.2-0.6 m, 0.1-0.3 m/s, respectively in Wonju stream and 0.3-0.6 m, 0-0.3 m/s, respectively in Boseong river. According to the analysis of ecological flow simulation, optimal flow was 1.1 cms and 0.3 cms in Wonju stream and 0.4cms, 2.2cms in Boseong river at up and down stream respectively. WUA (Weighted Usable Area) was 9.5%, 26.6% in Wonju stream and 34.8%, 53.3% in Boseong river at up and down stream respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.27-41
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• 2019

To analyze the effectiveness of the safety e-reporting system, the present study carried out analysis of safety e-reporting data reported between September 2014 and July 2019, and selected items for measuring the effectiveness of safety e-reporting. Using these items, the effects of adopting the reporting system for the four major parking violations was analyzed, alongside an analysis of effects in terms of traffic accidents using the unit model. When we count the securement of the tax revenue through measures such as charging fines as the beneficial factor per case, the estimation of the benefit is around 62,000 KRW per case. Summing the two factors up, the total value of citizen's reports pertaining to the big four parking violations is about 275,000 KRW per case. Most of the reports made through the Safety e-Report system are about traffic and facilities. When we calculate the total annual benefit with the representative reporting value defined with traffic and facilities, the system received a total of 1,164,439 cases from 2014 to 2019, while citizens reported 52,721 cases for the big four parking violations from April to July 2019. As the value of a safety report is around the net benefit for last five years is around 27,340,000,000 KRW.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.20
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• pp.229-248
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• 2009

This research is looking for the private security industry and diagnostic issues and enable our strategy will be presented through SWOT analysis for the management environment of private security industry to ultimately contribute to the private security industry. Along, the purpose of this research is to want to reach key factors which affect the competitiveness of the private security industry. This study was to conduct literature research and surveys. And analyzing literature and data was collected. And determined the status of private security industry by conducted a comprehensive survey with 13 experts is causal. The question investigation hemisphere the question which harmonizes became accomplished in the center. Like this question analyzed the opinion of the identical research participant and 3 times was executed repetitively, and 2 to verify the data through multiple data as a basis for the SWOT analysis of the environment. Accordingly, the following conclusion emerges. First, the private security industry-related legislation will complement the systematic. This is the task of the public security authority and the relationship will be in the direction for improvement. Second, to develop strategies for diversification of products and services through the use of IT. This business what development security services and products based on IT advanced technology can provide a solution to maximize profits to large security companies and to all of the small companies. Third, it should seek ways to make exports that social safety net project based on security technology and capital of Kore for other Asian countries or developing countries in the world.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.128-138
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• 2011

In this study, energy budget was estimated to produce an efficient artificial seed. And it needs to enhance fisheries productivity of sandfish, A. japonicus. In order to estimate energy budget of the sandfish, A. japonicus juvenile fed on nonriched Artemia nauplii (NA) and the enriched Artemia nauplii (EA), of sandfish were reared at constant condition of seawater temperature of natural temperature (NT) and heated temperature (HT). During the reared period, energy used by the reared juveniles were calculated from estimates of data on ingestion, growth, oxygen consumption, nitrogen excretion and energy content. Energy budget of NT-NA, NT-EA, HT-NA and HT-EA were represented as 100C=66.49G+21.28M+0.78F+1.44U, 100C=67.54G+21.40M+9.39F+1.67U, 100C=66.86G+22.66M+8.01F+2.47U and 100C=67.06G+22.96M+7.70F+2.28U. The assimilation efficiency estimated NT-NA, NT-EA, HT-NA and HTEA were represented as 87.78%, 88.94%, 89.52% and 90.02%. Gross growth efficiency estimated NT-NA, NT-EA, HT-NA and HT-EA were represented as 66.49%, 67.54%, 66.86% and 67.06%. Net growth efficiency estimated NT-NA, NT-EA, HT-NA and HT-EA were represented as 75.75%, 75.94%, 74.68% and 74.49%. In this results, two ways could be considered to produce an efficient artificial seed of sandfish. To hasten the growth of sandfish juvenile, heated seawater (HT) and enriched Artemia nauplii (EA) should be inputted to reared condition. And to increase the energy efficiency, natural seawater (NT) and enriched Artemia nauplii (EA) should be inputted to reared condition.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1275-1286
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• 2012

Coastal marine ecosystem plays important role of spawning and nursery grounds for fisheries resources. Yongil Bay is one of major coastal marine ecosystems, which is located in the southwestern East Sea of Korea. Species composition and abundance of marine organism in the Yongil Bay were investigated by season from March to November 2009. Gill net and pot fisheries were used for survey of pelagic and demersal species composition, and collected 106 species, 67 families, and 7 taxa of fisheries resources from the coastal ecosystem. Species were included 2 species in Ascidiacea, 2 species in Bivalvia, 6 in Cephalopoda, 22 in Crustacea, 5 in Echinodermata, 12 in Gastropoda, and 57 in Pisces. Diversity indices (Shannon index, H') showed seasonal variation with low value of 2.11 in winter, and high value of 2.63 in autumn. Main dominant species were Asterias amurensis, Pleuronectes yokohamae, Siphonalia spadicea fuscolineata, Trachurus japonicas, Sillago japonica, Conger myriaster, Volutharpa ampullaceal, Engraulis japonicus, Asterina pectinifera, and Portunus (Portunus) sanguinolentus that were occupied over 71.5% of total individuals, and 52.9% of wet weight. Seasonal variations of fisheries resources composition were discussed on correlationships with those of environmental factors in the coastal ecosystem of the Yongil Bay in Korea. Those results from this study will provide scientific data and information to develop the ecosystem-based coastal fisheries assessment and management system in Korea.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.47-67
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• 2007

This paper aims at suggesting several ways lo change financial vulnerability and to improve managerial capability of local public hospitals (LPHs) in Korea through the identification of factors affecting profitability. Several findings of the research are as follows: To begin with, LPHs exhibited a statistically significant difference in their profitability from one another, according to tile analyses of their profitable margins from tile general characteristics. It depends on the number of hospitals in the area, the population of the hospital-built area, the number of competing hospitals, the number of staff per 100 beds, the opening of special clinic, the educational function, and the capacity of rooms. However, there was no variable in the managerial characteristics, presenting a significant difference, in contrast with hospitals which have been managed by private companies and made a great amount of profits. Second, according to the analyses of profit differences in behavioral effort-characteristics, a statistically significant difference was revealed upon the basis of the efforts to improve the clinic service, invite special patients, and shorten the period of being hospitalized. Third, the result of analyses about the difference of profitability from medical care and finance is statistically significant in the rate of labor cost, the rate of management cost, bed-occupancy rate, and the period of being hospitalized. Fourth, according to the analyses of the factors influencing the net profit ratio of the entire capital, Adjusted explanatory power(Adjusted $R^2$) was shown up to 65.2%, which is high. To compare the adjusted explanatory power stage by stage, the first stage model applying only two variables such as structural and strategic characteristics exhibited 23.8%, and the second stage model adding financial characteristics showed 51.5%. The explanatory power was much improved up to 65.2% when the third stage model incorporated the outcome of medical care performance. When the return on investment(ROI) was examined by using the multi-variate linear regression analysis at the final model of third stage, it was found that ROI had a positive relationship with the increase rate of patients, labor costs per doctor, and medical care rate of socially protected inpatients. However, it revealed that ROI had a negative relationship with the ratio of labor costs, the number of patients per managerial staff, and occupancy rate of rooms, respectively. The research suggests that in order for LPHs to increase profitability, LPH, should make efforts not only to attract patients to the hospitals without any discrimination of the patients depending on their financial status, but also to develop efficient management methods to reduce labor costs.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.119-147
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• 1999

This article is subject to the rationalization of the cold-storage warehouse management, which gives the stabilization of the fishery production and the food life with respect to fisheries industry. In this point of view, the article examines to the structure of the cold-storage warehouse industry from the perspective of the industrial organization. To put it concretely, the article intends to apprehend the state of the structure of the industry and analyze the cold-storage warehouse's management activities. In addition, I try to find know the factors that affect the management performance(profitablity) of the industry through the cross-sectional correlation analysis. Finally, the conclusion of the article can be described as follows : \circled1 On the basis of the cold-storage capacity, there is the tendency that the industry concentrate in the area of Pusan(41.7%). \circled2 By formulating step of development of the industry, it is divided by six types. Type I is designed as raw material-storage warehouse for self-processing. Type IIis the raw material-storage warehouse for self-processing and storage-sale warehouse. Type III is the raw material-storage warehouse for self.distribution. Type IV is the raw material-storage warehouse for self-distribution and storage-sale warehouse. Type V is the net storage-sale warehouse. Type Ⅵ is the physical distribution center warehouse. Although each region has one representative type,6 types exist in all regions. \circled3 The competition structure of the industry has double structure on the basis of cold-storage capacity. \circled4 With respect to the management activity of the cold-storage warehouse, there is no change or even a decrease not increasing or not any change in sales from 1996 to 1997 \circled5 In order to try to induce the amount of shipper's materials, services that a cold-storage warehouse supply with its users include a custody-fee discount, a distribution-process service, a finance service, quality management service and so on. One of the best attractive services is the custody-fee service. \circled6 In the structure and management activity of the industry, the factors that affect management performance (profitablity) are a custody-fee discount, sales ability and capital structure of individual firm. Positive factor is sales ability and capital structure of individual firm. But, The custody-fee discount turns out to be a negative capital structure of individual film.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.132-140
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• 2008

Two different sensitivity classes of black cherry (Prunus serotina) under the natural growing environmental conditions were assessed adjacent to Air Monitoring Station located at Horton research center in Giles County, Virginia, USA. Ambient ozone concentrations, leaf gas exchange, and visible foliar injury were measured on-site during the growing seasons of 2000, 2001, and 2002. Ambient ozone exposures were sufficient to induce typical foliar visible injury corresponding with the reduction in photosynthetic activities only in sensitive black cherry. There were positive correlations between increasing cumulative ozone concentration and percent reduction in maximum net photosynthetic rates ($Pn_{MAX}$) under saturating light conditions and in quantum yield for carbon reduction (${\Phi}CO_2$) of sensitive black cherry compared to tolerant black cherry. There was a negative correlation between chlorophyll content and percent leaf injury in sensitive black cherry. Furthermore, $Pn_{MAX}$ was inversely related to percent leaf injury.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 2000

To overcome problems of conventional glass ionomers, resin components have been added to glass ionomers. On a continuum between glass ionomers and composites are a variety of blends, employing different proportions of acid-base and free radical reactions to bring about cure. Popular groups defined between the ends are resin-modified glass-ionomers(RMGIs), polyacid-modified composite resins(Compomers) and ionomer modified resins. These groups show different clinical properties, and in selecting these materials for a restoration, one should sufficiently understand these different setting properties. In this study, some difference in the setting characteristics of different groups of hybrid ionomers were examined. Two RMGIs (Fuji2 LC,GC / Vitremer, 3M), three Compomers (Dyract AP, Dentsply / F2000, 3M / Elan, Kerr) were involved in this study. The identification of the setting characteristics of different groups was achieved by a two-stage study. First, thermal analysis was performed by a differential scanning calorimeter, and then the hardness of each group at different depth and time were measured by a micro-hardness tester. Thermal analysis was performed to identify the inorganic filler content and to record the heat change during setting process. The setting process was progressed for each material by chemical set mode and light-cured mode. In the hardness test, samples of materials were prepared with a 6mm-diameter metal ring, and the hardness was measured at the top, and 1mm, 2.5mm, 4mm below at just after a 40 second-cure, and after 10 minutes, 24 hours, and 7 days. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney rank sum test to assess significant differences between set modes and types of materials, and by ANOVA and T-test to evaluate the statistical meanings of data at different times and depths of each materials. Followings are findings and conclusions derived from this study. Thermal analysis; 1. Compomers show no evidence of chemical setting while RMGIs exhibit heat output during the process of chemical setting. 2. Heat of cure of RMGIs exceed Compomers. 3. The net heat output of RMGIs through light-cured mode is higher than through chemically set mode. Hardness test; 1. Initial hardness of RMGIs immediately after light cure is relatively low, but the hardness increases as time goes by. On the contrary, Comomers do not show evident increase of the hardness following time. 2. Compomers show a marked decrease of setting degree as the depth of the material increases. In RMGIs, the setting degree at different depths does not significantly differ.