• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제82권4호
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• pp.319-327
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• 2019

Background: Radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS), is effective for tissue diagnosis of lung lesions. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of R-EBUS both a guide-sheath and fluoroscopy and identified factors associated with accurate diagnosis. The feasibility of molecular and genetic testing, using specimens obtained by R-EBUS, was also investigated. Methods: The study retrospectively reviewed 211 patients undergoing R-EBUS without a guide-sheath and fluoroscopy, June 2016-May 2017. After excluding 27 patients of which the target lesion was not reached, 184 were finally included. Multivariate logistic regression was used, to identify factors associated with accurate diagnosis. Results: Among 184 patients, R-EBUS-guided biopsy diagnosed malignancy in 109 patients (59%). The remaining 75 patients (41%) with non-malignant results underwent additional work-ups, and 34 were diagnosed with malignancy. Based on final diagnosis, diagnostic accuracy was 80% (136/170), and sensitivity and specificity for malignancy were 76% (109/143) and 100% (27/27), respectively. In multivariate analysis, peripheral location (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.925; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.203-12.811; p=0.023), and central position of the probe (aOR, 2.435; 95% CI, 1.424-7.013; p=0.035), were associated with accurate diagnosis of malignancy. Molecular and genetic analyses were successful, in all but one case, with inadequate specimens. Conclusion: R-EBUS-guided biopsy without equipment, is effective for tissue diagnosis. Peripheral location and central position of the radial probe, were crucial for accurate diagnosis. Performance of molecular and genetic testing, using samples obtained by R-EBUS, was satisfactory.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.260-266
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• 2011

Objectives: We evaluated the association between common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT), brachialankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), carotid plaque, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) as indicators of macroangiopathy and diabetic retinopathy as an indicator of microangiopathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: We analyzed 605 type 2 diabetic patients registered at a public health center in Korea. Following overnight fasting, venous blood and urine samples were collected and analyzed. The CCA-IMT, levels of carotid plaque, baPWV, and ankle-brachial index (ABI) of the subjects were assessed. We used non-mydriatic fundus photography to diagnose diabetic retinopathy. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between macroangiopathy and diabetic retinopathy. CCA-IMT and baPWV were divided into tertiles: CCA-IMT, 0.39 to 0.65 mm, 0.66 to 0.78 mm, and 0.79 to 1.30 mm; baPWV, 9.9 to 15.8 m/s, 15.9 to 18.9 m/s, and 19.0 to 38.0 m/s. Results: The association between baPWV and diabetic retinopathy remained significant after adjustment, with an increasing odds ratio (OR) in the second tertile (OR, 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27 to 4.55) and the third tertile (OR, 4.63; 95% CI, 2.33 to 9.21). No significant differences were observed in carotid plaque, PAD, and each tertile of CCA-IMT. Conclusions: BaPWV was associated with diabetic retinopathy, while CCA-IMT, carotid plaque, and PAD were not. This study suggests that the association between macroangiopathy and microangiopathy may be attributable to functional processes rather than structural processes within the vascular system.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 응용에 적합한 저잡음 CMOS 이미지 센서에 사용되는 컬럼-패러럴 analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 어레이를 위한 cascaded-of-integrator feedforward (CIFF) 구조의 단일 비트 2차 델타-시그마 모듈레이터를 제안하였다. 제안된 모듈레이터는 CMOS 이미지 센서에 입사된 빛의 신호에 해당하는 픽셀 출력 전압을 디지털 신호로 변환시키는 컬럼-패러럴 ADC 어레이를 위해 하나의 픽셀 폭과 동일한 10㎛ 컬럼 폭 내에 2개의 스위치드 커패시터 적분기와 단일 비트 비교기로 구현하였다. 또한, 모든 컬럼의 모듈레이터를 동시에 구동하기 위한 주변 회로인 비중첩 클록 발생기 및 바이어스 회로를 구성하였다. 제안된 델타-시그마 모듈레이터는 110nm CMOS 공정으로 구현하였으며 12kHz 대역폭에 대해 418의 oversampling ratio (OSR)로 88.1dB의 signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR), 88.6dB의 spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) 및 14.3비트의 effective-number-of-bits (ENOB)을 달성하였다. 델타 시그마 모듈레이터의 면적 및 전력 소비는 각각 970×10 ㎛2 및 248㎼이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3507-3511
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• 2014

Background: The prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 [PTGS2, commonly known as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)] is an enzyme induced by proinflammatory stimuli that is often overexpressed in malignant tissue and involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, regulators of processes such as inflammation, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis, all relevant for cancer development. We investigated whether a functional genetic polymorphism, rs5277, in COX-2 may have a risk-modifying effect on sporadic colorectal cancer in an Iranian population. Materials and Methods: We conducted a case-control study on 167 patients with colorectal cancer and 197 cancer-free controls in Taleghani Hospital in Tehran, Iran, between 2007 and 2011. Peripheral blood samples of both groups were processed for DNA extraction and genotyping of the COX-2 gene polymorphism (rs5277) using PCR-RFLP. RFLP results were confirmed by direct sequencing. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: There was no significant difference in the distribution of COX-2 gene rs5277 polymorphism genotype and the allelic form, among CRC patients compared with the healthy control group (p: 0.867). Conclusions: Our results suggest that rs5277 polymorphism in COX2 could not be a good prognostic indicator for patients with CRC.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2024

Background: The rise in national health care costs has emerged as a global problem given the ever-aging population and rapid development of medical technology. The utilization of interventional pain management has, similarly, shown a continued rise worldwide. This study evaluates the differences in the medical costs in the field of interventional pain treatment (IPT) between two countries: Korea and Japan. Methods: Korean medical insurance costs for 2019 related to pain management focused on IPT were compared to those of Japan. Purchasing power parity (PPP) was used to adjust the exchange rate differences and to compare prices in consideration of the respective societies' economic power. Results: The cost of trigger point injections in Japan was 1.06 times higher than that of Korea, whereas the perineural and intraarticular injection prices were lower in Japan. The cost of epidural blocks was higher in Japan compared to Korea in both cervical/thoracic and lumbar regions. As for blocks of peripheral branches of spinal nerves, the cost of scapular nerve blocks in Japan was lower than that in Korea, given a PPP ratio 0.09. For nerve blocks in which fluoroscopy guidance is mandatory, the costs of epidurography in Japan were greater than those in Korea, given a PPP ratio 1.04. Conclusions: This is the first comparative study focusing on the medical costs related to IPT between Korea and Japan, which reveals that the costs differed along various categories. Further comparisons reflecting more diverse countries and socio-economic aspects will be required.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a standard instrument of pattern identification and evaluation for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).Methods: The advisory committee for this study was organized by 12 professors of traditional Korean medicine from the Korean Association of Traditional Oncology. The items and structure of the instrument were designed based on a review of previous publications. We revised the instrument in consultation with the advisory committee and received additional advice via email.Results: We divided the symptoms and signs of CIPN into four pattern identifications: wind arthralgia (風痺), cold arthralgia (寒痺), dampness arthralgia (濕痺), and arthralgia of the deficiency type (虛痺). We obtained the mean weights to reflect the standard deviations from each symptom of the four pattern identifications, which were scored on a 5-point scale by the advisor committee. After we obtained the answers to discrimination between variable symptoms (變症) and ordinary symptoms (素症) from the 12 experts, we gained the final weight from the combination of the ratio of pattern identification to the number of total answers of the advisory committee and the mean weight.Conclusions: The Instrument on Pattern Identification and Evaluation for CIPN was developed through a discussion between 12 experts. There was a limitation that the validity and reliability of this instrument have not been proven. However, the significance of this study was that it is the first Instrument on Pattern Identification and Evaluation aimed at assessing CIPN in traditional Korean medicine.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2005

목적: 영양상태가 면역력과 상관관계가 있다는 점에 착안하여 위암 환자에서의 혈청 알부민수치와 림프구아형의 수적인 병화에 근거하여 그 상관관계를 확인하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1998년 8월부터 2004년 8월까지 위암으로 진단 받고 수술을 시행한 한자 중에서 수술 전에 말초혈액 림프구아형 검사를 시행한 환자 150명을 대상으로 하였다. 결과: 위암 환자에서 혈청 알부민수치 변화에 따른 림프구아형의 병화를 비교하였고, 각 병기에 따른 변화도 비교하였다. 3.2 mg/dl를 기준으로 환자들을 구분하였을 때 말초혈액 림프구수, CD3+ 세포, CD4+ 세포, CD8+ 세포, CD16+56 세포수는 혈청 알부민 수치가 3.2 mg/dl 이상인 군보다 3.2 mg/dl 미만인 군에서 의미 있게 감소한 것을 볼 수 있었다(P<0.05). 혈청 알부민수치가 낮은 군에서 제1기(n=59)에서는 CD16+ 세포수의 감소, CD4+/CD8+ 비율의 의미 있는 증가가 있었다(P<0.05). 제IV기(n=33)에서도 혈청 알부민수치가 낮은 군에서 CD19+세포를 제외한 나머지 모든 림프구아형의 수적인 감소가 있었고 CD4+/CD8+ 비율의 증가가 있었다(P<0.05). 결론: 혈청알부민수치가 낮은 군이 정상인 군보다 전반적인 림프구아형의 절대수가 낮다. 이에 근거하여 위암 환자에서 영양상태와 면역상태는 깊은 상관관계가 있음을 다시 확인하였다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 1997

The goal of this paper is that we know the usefulness of echo-planar imaging(EPI) for discriminate between hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and hemangioma. We get a time signal intensity curve for liver diseases from the dynamic contrast enhancement images and compared and analyze both the contrast ratio(CR) and the contrast to noise ratio(CNR) using echo planar imaging. The obtained results are follows : 1. Hepatocellular carcinoma was shown the best contrast after about 20 seconds when Is the earlist time in the main artery, and then reduced. The center where is disease was shown the characteristic that the best contrast is appeared after about 35-45 seconds and then slowly reduced. Liver parenchyma was shown the best contrast and reduced after 60 seconds. 2. The peripheral nodular of hemangioma was shown the better contrast soon. On the other hend, the contrast of center where is disease started to increase after 60 seconds and was equal to that of liver parenchyma. Increasing of the contrast continued after. 3. Turbo SE technic was used, the average of CR for hepatocellular carcinoma was $36.7{\pm}1.2$ and the average of CNR was $2.4{\pm}3.2$, while the average of CNR for hemangioma was $54.9{\pm}1.0$ and the average of CNR was $9.7{\pm}1.3$. 4. EPI technic was used, the average of CR for hepatocellular carcinoma was $47.8{\pm}1.2$ and the average of CNR was $3.4{\pm}2.1$, while the average of CNR for hemangioma was $75.7{\pm}2.2$ and the average of CNR was $9.5{\pm}1.1$. According to above we can find that hemangioma is more bright than hepatocellular carcinoma and the difference of brightness between hepatocellular carcinoma and hemangioma is useful sequence.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1137-1144
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• 2012

Introduction: Recent studies have shown that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play potential roles as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers with various cancer types. The aim of this study was to comprehensively and quantitatively summarize the evidence for the use of CTCs to predict the survival outcome of lung cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Relevant literature was identified using Medline and EMBASE. Patients' clinical characteristics, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) together with CTC positive rates at different time points (before, during and after treatment) were extracted. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the prognostic role of CTCs and the correlation between the CTC appearance and clinical characteristics. Results: A total of 12 articles containing survival outcomes and clinical characteristics and 15 articles containing only clinical characteristics were included for the global meta-analysis. The hazard ratio (HR) for OS predicted by pro-treatment CTCs was 2.61 [1.82, 3.74], while the HR for PFS was 2.37 [1.41, 3.99]. The HR for OS predicted by post-treatment CTCs was 4.19 [2.92, 6.00], while the HR for PFS was 4.97 [3.05, 8.11]. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to histological classification and detection method. Odds ratio (OR) showed the appearance of pro-treatment CTCs correlated with the lymph node status, distant metastasis, and TNM staging, while post-treatment CTCs correlated with TNM staging only. Conclusion: Detection of CTCs in the peripheral blood indicates a poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제67권2호
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• pp.177-185
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• 2024

Objective : Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a major cause of disability in patients who survive aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Systemic inflammatory markers, such as peripheral leukocyte count and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) score, have been considered predictors of DCI in previous studies. This study aims to investigate which systemic biomarkers are significant predictors of DCI. Methods : We conducted a retrospective, observational, single-center study of 170 patients with SAH admitted between May 2018 and March 2022. We analyzed the patients' clinical and laboratory parameters within 1 hour and 3-4 and 5-7 days after admission. The DCI and non-DCI groups were compared. Variables showing statistical significance in the univariate logistic analysis (p<0.05) were entered into a multivariate regression model. Results : Hunt-Hess grade "4-5" at admission, modified Fisher scale grade "3-4" at admission, hydrocephalus, intraventricular hemorrhage, and infection showed statistical significance (p<0.05) on a univariate logistic regression. Lymphocyte and monocyte count at admission, SII scores and C-reactive protein levels on days 3-4, and leukocyte and neutrophil counts on days 5-7 exhibited statistical significance on the univariate logistic regression. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that monocyte count at admission (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-2.65; p=0.036) and SII score at days 3-4 (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.02-2.47; p=0.049) were independent predictors of DCI. Conclusion : Monocyte count at admission and SII score 3-4 days after rupture are independent predictors of clinical deterioration caused by DCI after aSAH. Peripheral monocytosis may be the primer for the innate immune reaction, and the SII score at days 3-4 can promptly represent the propagated systemic immune reaction toward DCI.