• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2005

This study has been carried out to investigate the microstructure of austempered high carbon cast steel with the variation of silicon and heat treatment conditions. The results show that an lower ausferritic structure is formed at the low austemepring temperature ($250{\sim}300^{\circ}C$) and an upper ausferritic structure is formed at the high austemepring temperature ($350{\sim}400^{\circ}C$). As an austempering temperature increased, the retained austenite volume fraction increased, however hardness decreased. Also, as a silicon content increased, the precipitation of cementite was suppressed, therefore 2nd reaction of autempering transformation was delayed.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.93-96
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• 2004

This paper presents a study on defects in pearlite lamella structure of high carbon steel by means of finite-element method(FEM) simulation. High-carbon pearlite steel wire is characterized by its nano-sized microstructure feature of alternation ferrite and cementite. The likely fatigue crack is located on interface of the lamella structure where the maximum amplitude of the longitudinal shear stress and transverse shear stress was calculated during cyclic loading. The FEM is proposed for maximum shear stress from loading of lamella structure, and a method is predicted to analyze the likely fatigue crack generation. It is possible to obtain the important basic data which can be guaranteed in the ductility of high carbon steel wire by using FEM simulation.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1290-1295
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• 1988

본 연구에서는 공구마멸에 대한 정량적인 해석을 바탕으로 현대 산업사회의 주요소재인 강(steel)에 대한 최적 공구재를 선정하는 방법을 제시하므로서 앞으로의 공구재 개발에 대한 이론적인 접근을 시도하였다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.10-17
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• 1982

This study has been carried out to determine the change of mechanical properties and microstructures by the heattreatment to relieve the residual stresses for gray cast irons. The results have been obtained from the experiment as follows; 1) The annealing above $600^{\circ}C$ for the stress relieving of gray cast iron decrease the tensile strength and hardness 2) The decrease reates of tensile strength and hardness of gray cast iron after annealing above $600^{\circ}C$ are increased with increasing the holding time. 3) The gray cast iron containing the elements of Mn, Cr has increased the heating temperature for the decrease of tensile strength and hardness. 4) The decrease of mechanical properties by annealing are assumed that the formation of ferrite takes placed from the decomposition of eutectoid cementite in the matrix.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.313-316
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• 2005

In the present study, Bauschinger effect was investigated for the micro-alloying forging steel which has been developed for about 30 years ago to save energy consumption by eliminating the heat treatment processes in the forging industry. The micro-alloying steels used fur cold forging industry mainly aim to replace the usual carbon steel. With the conventional carbon steels, all the deformation history can be eliminated after the final heat treatment(quenching and tempering). In the case of micro-alloying forging steels, however, the prior deformation history should be taken into consideration to meet the mechanical property requirement since the microstructure of micro-alloying steels might exhibit the Bauschinger effect, which was not needed to consider in the case of conventional carbon steel having quenching and tempering treatment. In the present study, the reverse loading tests were carried out to determine the Bauschinger effect of micro-alloying steel which composed of ferrite and cementite phases.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.543-546
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• 2008

In the present study, the effect of cold reduction ratio on the spherodization rate of SK85 high carbon steel sheet was investigated. High carbon steel sheet fabricated by POSCO was soaked at $800^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr in a box furnace and then treated at $570^{\circ}C$ for 5 min in a salt bath furnace followed by water quenching to obtain a fine pearlite structure. Cold rolling was conducted on the sheets of fine pearlite by reduction ratios of 20, 30, and 40 % and heat treatment for spheroidization was carried out at $720^{\circ}C$ for the various time intervals from 0.1 to 32 hrs. Area fraction of spheroidized cementite was measured with an image analyzer as a function of cold reduction ratios and duration times.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2004

Conventional spheroidization process of cold heading quality steels requires long heat treatment time, and reduction of the heat treatment time is important for improving productivity in the industry. Recently, hot deformation method has been proposed as a means of increasing spherodization kinetics. In this study, the influences of hot deformation on the spherodization behavior of cold heading quality steels were investigated. Hot deformation at the temperature range of $700^{\circ}C$ significantly enhances the spheroidization kinetics. Hot deformation can lead to a substantial reduction of spherodization process time as low as 1~5 hrs.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제24권
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• pp.17-36
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• 2020

본 연구는 2018년 고창 무장현 관아와 읍성에서 발굴된 비격진천뢰 11점의 보존처리 과정과, 컴퓨터단층촬영(CT)과 감마선(γ-ray)투과조사·금속 조직 분석을 통한 제작기법을 수록하였다. 보존처리는 2019년 국립진주박물관에서 진행한 특별전 '비격진천뢰'(07.16.~08.25.) 전시를 위한 1차 보존처리 과정인 이물질제거와 강화처리를 진행 하였고, 이 과정에서 비격진천뢰 뚜껑(개철, 蓋鐵)을 최초로 확인 할 수 있었다. 제작기법의 경우 11점의 CT와 γ-ray촬영 결과 본체 내부에 많은 기공과 측면에 형틀받침쇠(chaplet, 型持)가 사용되었음을 확인하였으며, 기벽의 두께는 위아래에 비해 측면이 비교적 얇게 설계되었다. 또한 아래 부분 중앙에 쇳물주입구 흔적이 관찰되어 본체를 뒤집은 상태에서 쇳물이 주입되었음을 확인하였다. 금속 조직 분석은 본체 2점과 뚜껑 1점의 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 본체는 시멘타이트(cementite)조직과 펄라이트(pearlite)조직이 관찰되어 주조로 만들어졌고, 뚜껑은 페라이트(ferrite) 조직에 일부 펄라이트가 끼어있으며 비금속 개재물이 일직선으로 관찰되어 단조로 만들었다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.234-242
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• 2022

국립춘천박물관 소장 철조석가불좌상(본관 1971)을 기초로 재현실험을 시행하여 분할 주조법을 연구하였다. 불상의 3D 스캔 데이터를 활용해 1/2 모형으로 축소 제작한 후 기존 연구 결과를 토대로 거푸집제작, 주조 등을 실시하여 불상을 제작하였다. 거푸집의 외부는 친모래와 산청토를 3:4의 비율로, 내부는 친모래와 산청토를 1:3의 비율로 배합하여 제작한 다음 불상을 주조하였다. 주조된 철불을 통해 다양한 주조결함을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 원불상과 유사한 형태적인 모습을 볼 수 있었다. 재현된 철불의 표면 관찰 결과 베이닝, 유동불량, 외부수축공, 피하기공, 표면핀홀, 형 어긋남 등의 주조결함을 지니고 있었으며, 이는 철조석가불좌상에서 보이는 주조결함의 특징과 유사하다. 미세조직은 나뭇가지 모양의 Dendrite 조직과 Pearlite 조직이 확인되었으며, Cementite 조직 사이에서 검은색의 Graphite가 관찰되었다. 본 연구는 철불의 전통주조기술과 제작기법을 위한 실험연구로서 고대 대형 주조기술을 알아볼 수 있는 기초데이터로 활용될 것으로 본다.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.382-385
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• 2008

In the present study, the effect of cold reduction ratio on the spheroidization rate of SK85 high carbon steel sheet was investigated. High carbon steel sheet fabricated by POSCO was soaked at $850^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr in a box furnace and then treated at $570^{\circ}C$ and $670^{\circ}C$ for 10 min in a salt bath furnace followed by water quenching to obtain a fine pearlite structure and coarse pearlite structure. Cold rolling was conducted on the sheets by reduction ratios of 20, 30, and 40 % and heat treatment for spheroidization was carried out at $720^{\circ}C$ for the various time intervals from 1 to 32 hrs. Area fraction of spheroidized cementite was measured with an image analyzer as a function of cold reduction ratios and duration times.