• Title/Summary/Keyword: Cellulosic Biomass

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Production of Acetic Acid from Cellulosic Biomass (섬유성 바이오매스를 이용한 Acetic Acid 생산)

  • 우창호;박준호;윤현희
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.15 no.5
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    • pp.458-463
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    • 2000
  • Production of acetic acid from cellulosic biomass by Simultaneous Saccharification and Extractive Fermentation (SSEF) was investigated. The homoacetate organism used in this study was a strain of Clostridium thermoaceticum, ATCC # 49707. A batch operation of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation(SSF) using ${\alpha}$-cellulose at pH 5.5 and 55$^{\circ}C$ yielded 40% conversion of cellulose to acetic acid, while a fed-batch SSF operation produced a maximum acetic acid concentration of 25 g/L, with 50% overall yield. In-situ extractive fermentation to reduce the end-product inhibition on both bacteria and enzyme was carried out. in a batch SSEF using 200 g/L IRA-400 resin, acetic acid concentration reached to 23.9 g/L and acetic acid yield and productivity were observed to be 48% and 0.20 g/L-hr, respectively.

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Isolation of cellulosic biomass degrading microorganisms from different sources for low cost biofuel production

  • Sheikh, M. Mominul Islam;Kim, Chul-Hwan;Lee, Ji-Yong;Yeasmin, Shabina;Park, Hyeon-Jin;Kim, Gyeong-Chul;Kim, Sung-Ho;Kim, Jae-Won
    • Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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    • 2011.04a
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    • pp.81-91
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    • 2011
  • Current fuel ethanol research and development deals with process engineering trends for improving biotechnological production of ethanol. Recently, a large amount of studies regarding the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as a good feedstock for producing fuel ethanol is being carried out worldwide. The plant biomass is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The main challenge in the conversion of biomass into ethanol is the complex, rigid and harsh structures which require efficient process and cost effective to break down. The isolation of microorganisms is one of the means for obtaining enzymes with properties suitable for industrial applications. For these reasons, crude cultures containing cellulosic biomass degrading microorganisms were isolated from rice field soil, cow farm soil and rotten rice straw from cow farm. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xylan and Avicel (microcrystalline cellulose) degradation zone of clearance on agar platefrom rice field soil resulted approximately at 25 mm, 24 mm and 22 mm respectively. As for cow farm soil, CMC, xylan and Avicel degradation clearancezone on agar plate resulted around at 24mm, 23mm and 21 mm respectively. Rotten rice straw from cow farm also resulted for CMC, xylan and Avicel degradation zone almost at 24 mm, 23 mm and 22 mm respectively. The objective of this study is to isolatebiomass degrading microbial strains having good efficiency in cellulose hydrolysis and observed the effects of different substrates (CMC, xylan and Avicel) on the production of cellulase enzymes (endo-glucanase, exo-glucanase, cellobiase, xylanase and avicelase) for producing low cost biofuel from cellulosic materials.

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Overexpression of Mutant Galactose Permease (ScGal2_N376F) Effective for Utilization of Glucose/Xylose or Glucose/Galactose Mixture by Engineered Kluyveromyces marxianus

  • Kwon, Deok-Ho;Kim, Saet-Byeol;Park, Jae-Bum;Ha, Suk-Jin
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.30 no.12
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    • pp.1944-1949
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    • 2020
  • Mutant sugar transporter ScGAL2-N376F was overexpressed in Kluyveromyces marxianus for efficient utilization of xylose, which is one of the main components of cellulosic biomass. K. marxianus ScGal2_N376F, the ScGAL2-N376F-overexpressing strain, exhibited 47.04 g/l of xylose consumption and 26.55 g/l of xylitol production, as compared to the parental strain (24.68 g/l and 7.03 g/l, respectively) when xylose was used as the sole carbon source. When a mixture of glucose and xylose was used as the carbon source, xylose consumption and xylitol production rates were improved by 195% and 360%, respectively, by K. marxianus ScGal2_N376F. Moreover, the glucose consumption rate was improved by 27% as compared to that in the parental strain. Overexpression of both wild-type ScGAL2 and mutant ScGAL2-N376F showed 48% and 52% enhanced sugar consumption and ethanol production rates, respectively, when a mixture of glucose and galactose was used as the carbon source, which is the main component of marine biomass. As shown in this study, ScGAL2-N376F overexpression can be applied for the efficient production of biofuels or biochemicals from cellulosic or marine biomass.

Enhancement of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Biomass by Organosolv Pretreatment Using High Concentration of Ethanol (효소당화 효율 향상을 위한 섬유소계 바이오매스의 고농도 유기용매 전처리 공정)

  • Kim, Jun Seok
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.59 no.1
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    • pp.54-59
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    • 2021
  • The pretreatment of cellulosic biomass is essentially needed because it has more lignin compared with a starch biomass. Ethanol as an organosolv for pretreatment can easily separate some components which can inhibit enzymatic hydrolysis and be re-usuable by distillation. The flow-through process have some strength, separating components continuously, development for scale up. In this research, two-kinds (wheat straw, miscanthus) of biomass was pretreated for development of enzymatic hydrolysis by adoption of pretreatment process of corn stover.

Design of Pretreatment Process in Cellulosic Ethanol Production (목질계 셀룰로오스 에탄올 생산공정에서 전처리과정의 설계)

  • Kim, Hyungjin;Lee, Seung Bum
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.511-514
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    • 2015
  • A pretreatment process of cellulose decomposition to a monosaccharide plays an important role in the cellulosic ethanol production using the lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, a cellulosic ethanol was produced by using acidic hydrolysis and enzymatic saccharification process from the lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw, sawdust, copying paper and newspaper. Three different pretreatment processes were compared; the acidic hydrolysis ($100^{\circ}C$, 1 h) using 10~30 wt% of sulfuric acid, the enzymatic saccharification (30 min) using celluclast ($55^{\circ}C$, pH = 5.0), AMG ($60^{\circ}C$, pH = 4.5), and spirizyme ($60^{\circ}C$, pH = 4.2) and also the hybrid process (enzymatic saccharification after acidic hydrolysis). The yield of cellulosic ethanol conversion with those pretreatment processes were obtained as the following order : hybrid process > acidic hydrolysis > enzymatic saccharification. The optimum fermentation time was proven to be two days in this work. The yield of cellulosic ethanol conversion using celluclast after the acidic hydrolysis with 20 wt% sulfuric acid were obtained as the following order : sawdust > rice straw > copying paper > newspaper when conducting enzymatic saccharification.

The Effect of Extrusion Treatment on Aqueous Ammonia Soaking Method in Miscanthus Biomass Pretreatment (억새 바이오매스 전처리에서 압출 처리가 액상 암모니아 침지 처리에 미치는 영향)

  • Bark, Surn-Teh;Koo, Bon-Cheol;Choi, Yong-Hwan;Moon, Youn-Ho;Ahn, Seung-Hyun;Cha, Young-Lok;Kim, Jung-Kon;An, Gi-Hong;Suh, Sae-Jung;Park, Don-Hee
    • New & Renewable Energy
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.6-14
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    • 2010
  • Pretreatment of cellulosic biomass is necessary before enzymatic saccharification and fermentation. Extrusion is a well established process in food industries and it can be used as a physicochemical treatment method for cellulosic biomass. Aqueous ammonia soaking treatment at mild temperatures ranging from 60 to $80^{\circ}C$ for longer reaction times has been used to preserve most of the cellulose and hemicellulose in the biomass. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of extrusion treatment on aqueous ammonia soaking method. Extrusion was performed with miscanthus sample conditioned to 2mm of particle size and 20% of moisture content at $200^{\circ}C$ of barrel temperature and 175rpm of screw speed. And then aqueous ammonia soaking was performed with 15%(w/w) ammonia solution at $60^{\circ}C$ for 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 hours on the extruded and raw miscanthus samples respectively. In the combined extrusion-soaking treatment, most compositions removal occurred within 1~2 hours and on a basis of 1 hour soaking treatment values, cellulose was recovered about 85% and other compositions, including hemicellulose, are removed about 50% from extruded miscanthus sample. The combined extrusion-soaking treated and soaking only treated samples were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase and ${\beta}$-glucosidase. The enzymatic digestibility value of combined extrusion-2 hours soaking treated sample was comparable to 12 hours soaking only treated sample. It means that extrusion treatment can shorten the conventional long reaction time of aqueous ammonia soaking. The findings suggest that the combination of extrusion and soaking is a promising pretreatment method to solve both problems for no lignin removal of extrusion and long reaction time of aqueous ammonia soaking.

Isolation of Mutant Yeast Strains having Resistance to 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate through a Directed Evolutionary Approach (유도적 돌연변이 유발 방법을 통한 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate에 대해 내성을 갖는 돌연변이 효모 선별)

  • Lee, Yoo-Jin;Kwon, Deok-Ho;Park, Jae-Bum;Ha, Suk-Jin
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.45 no.1
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    • pp.51-56
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    • 2017
  • Cellulosic biomass is a renewable source for biofuel production from non-edible biomass. An optimized pretreatment process is required for the efficient utilization of cellulosic biomass. Among various pretreatment processes, the use of ionic liquids has been reported recently. However, the residual ionic liquid after pretreatment acts as an inhibitor of microbial fermentation. Recently, we isolated mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains resistant to the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][Ac]) by using a directed evolutionary approach. When 3% [EMIM][Ac] was added to a medium containing 80 g/l of glucose, mutants D452-B2 and D452-S3 produced 35.6 g/l and 36.3 g/l of ethanol, respectively, for 18 h while the parental strain (S. cerevisiae D452-2) produced 1.3 g/l of ethanol. Thus, these mutant S. cerevisiae strains might prove advantageous when ionic liquids are used for biofuel production from cellulosic biomass.

Characteristics of Lignin Removal in Cellulosic Ethanol Production Process (셀룰로오스 에탄올 생산공정에서 리그닌의 제거특성)

  • Lee, You-Na;Lee, Seung-Bum;Lee, Jae-Dong
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.77-80
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    • 2011
  • In this study, we measured changes in the lignin content of acidified lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw, saw dust, chestnut shell and peanut hull and analyzed the conversion property to cellulosic ethanol. It turns out that the lignin content increases in chestnut shell, rice straw, saw dust, peanut hull order and the conversion property to cellulosic ethanol is superior in the reverse order. Thus, the removal of lignin by acidification is necessary. In addition, as the concentration of sulfuric acid increases, the lignin content decreases and the yield of cellulosic ethanol increased. The optimum concentration of sulfuric acid is 20 wt%.

Development of Transportation Bio-energy and Its Future (수송용 바이오에너지 개발과 미래)

  • Chung, Jay-H.;Kwon, Gi-Seok;Jang, Han-Su
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2008
  • Negative environmental consequences of fossil fuels and the concerns about their soaring prices have spurred the search for alternative energy sources. While other alternative energies-like solar, wind, geothermal, hydroelectric, and tidal-offer viable options for electricity generation, around 40% of total energy consumption requires liquid fuels like gasoline or diesel fuel. This is where bio-energy/biofuels is especially attractive, where they can serve as a practical alternative to oil. The production of liquid biofuels for transportation will depend upon a stable supply of large amount of inexpensive cellulosic biomass obtained on a sustainable basis. This paper reviewed development status of transportation bio-energy for vehicles, technical barriers to the production of cellulosic ethanol, and the global future of bio-diesel and ethanol production.

Sulfuric Acid Catalytic Conversion to Levulinic Acid from Cellulosic Biomass (섬유소계 바이오매스로부터 황산 촉매를 이용한 레블린산 생산)

  • Hyeong-Gyun Ahn;Seungmin Lee;Yi-Ra Lim;Hyunjoon Kim;Jun Seok Kim
    • New & Renewable Energy
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.11-19
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    • 2023
  • Levulinic acid (LA) derived from cellulosic biomass, serves a crucial intermediate that can be used in various chemical conversions. This study focused on optimizing the production of LA using two types of pretreated rice husk (de-ashed and delignificated cellulosic biomass) in a batch reaction system through catalytic conversion with sulfuric acid. To determine the optimal conditions, the conversions of glucose and α-cellulose were examined to compare the effects of pretreatment on the rice husk. The experimental parameters covered a broad spectrum, including temperatures ranging from 140℃ to 200℃, a reaction time was up to 600 minutes, and a substrate to catalyst (acid solution) ratio of 100 g/L. The highest LA yield was 44.8%, achieved from de-ashed rice husk with 3.0 wt.% of sulfuric acid at 180℃ and with a reaction time of 180 minutes. In the case of the delignificated rice husk, a LA yield of 43.6% was obtained with 3.0 wt.% of sulfuric acid at 200℃ and with reaction time of 30 minutes.