• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1976

The blood proteins of ten reptilian species were studied by cellulose acetate elctrophoresis. Three members examined of the genus Agkistrodon have unusually similar patterns in plasma protein, hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase. On the basis of their electrophoretic patterns, it was concluded that Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus was closely related to the others. In general the plasma protein patterns reflect species specificity. Under the conditions employed, all snakes had a single hemoglobin band except Dinodon rufozonatum rufozonatum which showing two component patterns. Two members of the Chelonia showed four bands of hemoglobin. The zymograms indicated a distinct divergence in blood proteins of the Squamata from those of the Chelonia. The results reflected superficially the established phylogenies of these groups.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.451-456
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• 1997

120 heads of korean native calves were examined of serum protein by using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. During 20 days since the calves were purchased, serum protein, fibrinogen values and plasma : fibrinogen ratio were examined in the calves with respiratory and diarrheal disease. The result obtained in this investigation were as follows : 1. Among the 120 heads of calves that were purchased from market, 14 heads(22%) of calves were occurred respiratory disease, and 12 heads(20%) of calves are occurred diarrhea. Occurrence of respiratory disease was 14.5(4~20) days in average and diarrhea was 9.6(2-15) days after they had been purchased. 2. Serum protein fraction were analyzed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. ${\beta}-globulin$, A/G ratio and ${\beta}_2-globulin$ values were decreased in the calves with respiratory disease. Especially, ${\beta}_2-globulin$ were significantly decreased. In calves with diarrhea, there was no change in ${\beta}-globulin$ values. ${\beta}_2-globulin$ values were higher than that of the normal and respiratory diseased calves. 3. ${\alpha}-globulin$ values were increased in both of calves with diarrhea and respiratory disease. This tendency was due to increase ${\alpha}_2-globulin$ values. 4. The $\gamma$-globulin value of calves with diarrhea was the lowest among the 3 groups. 5. The total protein values of normal calves were $7.0{\pm}1.1g/dl$ and that of respiratory and diarrheal diseased calves were $6.9{\pm}0.9g/dl$ and $6.6{\pm}0.8g/dl$, respectively. Total protein value of calves with diarrhea was lower than that of normal and respiratory diseased calves. Globulin value of calves with diarrhea was the lowest among them. The low value of total protein in diarrheal diseased calves was due to decrease globulin values. 6. The fibrinogen values of calves with respiratory disease ($643{\pm}189mg/dl$) were significantly higher than that of normal calves($533{\pm}135mg/dl$) and calves with diarrhea($572{\pm}188mg/dl$). The plasma : fib. ratio of respiratory diseased calves was $12.0{\pm}4.9$, normal calves was $13.8{\pm}3.5$ and diarrheal diseased calves was $12.8{\pm}4.6$. The ratio of the calves with respiratory disease was significantly decreased.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2013

Purpose: To improve glasses temple's insert processibility of CA/PEG blend, triacetin with higher specific heat values in the processing temperature range is used as second plasticizer. Methods: The total amount of plasticizer is fixed at 30 wt% by CA. To determine optimal CA/PEG/triacetin blend for glasses frame, blends with different composition ratio were examined by various analysis: thermal properties, mechanical properties, glossiness. Results: Specific heat of the CA/PEG blend increased as the content of triacetin. In CA/PEG/triacetin blends, as triacetin concentration is increased, glass transition temperature is decreased and heat conservation rate of composites is increased. Furthermore, CA/PEG/triacetin blend exhibited higher mechanical properties and similar gloss characterization with CA/PEG blend. Conclusions: It is possible to improve the processibility inserting metal support to CA temple through varying the weight ratio of PEG/triacetin. The extruded sheets of CA/PEG/triacetin blend had better glossiness and mechanical properties than those of CA/PEG blend.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 1987

Cellulolytic mocrooganisms were isolated from the cellulose-cultural properties. Among them, Aspergillus clavatus with the highest cellulase activity was identified by the morphological characteristics and it's enzyme activities were compared on the various cultural conditions. It was found that the induction of carboxymethylcellulase(CMCase), avicelase and salicinase in CMC liquid media showed the highest enzyme acitivity on five day's cultivation at $30^{\circ}C$ and thereafter their activities were gradually decreased with time. After crude extracellular enzymes precipitated with the 70% saturated ammonium sulfate solution were dialyzed with 20 mM acetate buffer pH 6.0, each crude enzyme was examined. The optimal activities of CMCase and avicelase were both found to be at $50^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0. Their thermal stability was appeared at the $50^{\circ}C$. CMCase and avicelase had the maxima activities with 1.5% and 2.2% substrate concentration, respectively. The concentration of 5 mM $Mg^{++}$ or $Ca^{++}$ was found to have a maximum cellulase activity and its activity was inhibited with more than 5 mM $Cu^{++}$ and $Zn^{++}$ concentration. Cellulase activity was also inhibited sensitively by the inhibitors such as 2-mercaptoethanol, iodine and sodium azide.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.227-236
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• 1995

The objective of this research was to characterize fucoidans isolated from Laminaria religiosa and Undaria pinnatifida in Korea to obtain basic data for Production of soluble dietary fiber materials with biological functionality. Fucoidans were successively extracted 3 times at $65\%$ for 1hr with arid solution of pH 2.0, and cetylpyridinium chloride was used for partial purification. The yields of partially purified fucoidans were $2.71\%$ for L. religiosa, $6.65\%$ for sporophylls of U. pinnatifida and $0.40\%$ for blade of U. pinnatifida. The yield from sporophylls of U. pinnatifida was highest among the sample tested, whereas the yield from blade of U. pinnatifida was lowest. It appeared that the fuconidans content in different parts of U. pinnatifida varied. Partially purified fucoidans were separated into 3 fractions by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 ion exchange column and the maior fractions were refractionated with tractional precipitation with ethanol. $60-70\%$ ethanol precipitated fractions of 1. religiosa and sporophylls of U. pinnatifida turned out to be homogeneous by cellulose acetate electrophoresis and gel filteration chromatography. The molar ratios of fucose, galactose, and sulfate in the purified fucoidans(ethanol precipitated fractions) were 1 : 0.31 : 2.43 for L. religiosa and 1 : 0.97 : 1.99 for sporophylls of U. pinnatifida. The averaged molecular weights of the purified fucoidans from L. religiosa and sporophylls of U. pinnatifida were 31,000 and 38,000, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.659-666
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• 1995

Fucoidans were isolated from Hizikia fusiformis and Sargassum fulvellum and characterized on their chemical properties. Crude fucoidans were extracted at $65^{\circ}C$ for 1hr with acid solution of pH 2.0, and cetylpyridinum chloride was used for partial purification. The yields of partially purified fucoidans were $2.51\%$ for H. fusiformis, and $65\%$ for S. fulvellum, respectively. The partially purified fucoidans were separated into 3 fractions by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 ion exchange column chromatography and the major fractions were refractionated with fractional preripitation with ethanol. $60-70\%$ ethanol precipitated fraction(P-70) of H. fusiformis and $60-65\%$ ethanol precipitated fraction(P-65) of S. fulvellum turned out to be homogeneous by cellulose acetate electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography. The molar ratios of fucose, galactose, and sulfate In the purified fucoidans were 1 : 0.66 2.74 for H. fusiformis and 1 : 0.24. 1.46 for 5. fulvellum. The averaged molecular weights of the purified fucoidans from H. fusiformis and S. fulvellum were 26,000 and 105,000, respectively.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.239-246
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• 2014

A study on the elution characteristics of biostimulating agents (sulfate and nitrate) from biostimulants which are used for in-situ bioremediation for the coastal sediment contaminated with organic matter was performed. The biostimulating agents were mixed with the coastal sediment, and then massed the mixture into ball. Two kinds of ball type biostimulant were prepared by coating the ball surface with two different polymers, cellulose acetate and polysulfone. A granular type biostimulant (GTB) was also prepared by impregnating a granular activated carbon in the biostimulating agent solution. The image of scanning electron microscopy for the biostimulant coated with cellulose acetate (CAB) showed that the inner side of the coating layer consisted of irregular and bigger size of pores, and the surface layer had tight structure like beehive. For the biostimulant coated with polyfulfone (PSB), the whole coating layer had a fine structure without pore. The elution rate of the biostimulating agents for the CAB was higher than that for the PSB, and the elution rate for the GTB was considerably higher than that for the PSB in distilled water as well as in sea water. The elution rate of the biostimulating agents in turbulent water flow was about 3 times higher than that in standing water, and the elution rate of nitrate was higher than that of sulfate from the stimulating agents.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1571-1586
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• 2012

On earth, there are about 5,400 kinds of mammals, of which about 1,000 kinds are herbivores. Among herbivores, about 250 kinds are known to be ruminants. As for cattle and sheep, which are ruminants, fermentation takes places mainly in their rumen; in contrast, for pigs and men, which are non-ruminants, fermentation takes place mainly in their caecum, colon, and rectum. As for the kind and dominance of rumen microorganisms, Bacteroidetes account for 51% and Firmicutes for 43%. As for the dominance of the large intestine microorganisms in men, Firmicutes account for 65% and Bacteroidetes for 25%. Cell wall components are decomposed by microorganisms, and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are generated through fermentation; the ratio of acetate, propionate, and butyrate generate is 60:25:15. Butyrate absorbed through the primary butyrate transporter MCT1 (mono carboxylate transports-1) in the intestines activates such SCFA receptors as GPR43 and GPR41. Butyrate has a strong anti-tumorigenic function. Butyrate is characterized by the fact that it has an effect on many cancer cells, contributes to the coordination of functions in the cells, and induces cancer apoptosis. Butyrate activates caspase but inhibits the activity of HDAC (histone deacetylase), so as to induce apoptosis. In addition, it increases p53 expression, so as to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Anti-inflammation actions of SCFA include the reduction of IL-8 expression in intestinal epithelial cells, the inhibition of NO synthesis, and the restraint of the activity of NF-${\kappa}B$ (nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$), so as to suppress the occurrence of cancers caused by inflammation. Butyrate plays an important role in maintaining physiological functions of intestinal mucous membranes and is used as a cure for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.235-242
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• 1986

The present experiment was intended to determine the effect of pollen load on chloroform-induced hepatic and renal damage in rats. The subjects were administered with the graded concentration of chloroform and an additional amount of pollen to some groups, and the result of which was: 1. The content of total lipid in liver and kidney increased in proportion to the chloroform concentration, but decreased in the chloroform and pollen administration groups. 2. The amount of total cholesterol in serum, liver and kidney of the chloroform administration group was higher than that of the control group, and it decreased gradually with pollen administration. 3. The activity of sGOT, sGPT, and LDH increased in proportion to the chloroform concentration, but decreased in the pollen-treated groups. 4. It is not significant that the cellulose acetate electrophoresis of LDH isozymes showed the increased of $LDH_5$ in liver of the pollen administration group. LDH isozymes in kidney are not significantly changed, too.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.319-328
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• 1993

All vertebrates other than lampreys exhibit multiple loci encoding lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27,LDH). From the result shown by cellulose acetate and starch gel electrophoresis, the lampreys were-reported to have only one isozyme. However in our results the LDH of skeletal muscle, heart and kidney in Lampetra japonica were separated into three isozymes and that of liver was separated into two isozymes by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The LDH of skeletal muscle and heart were separated into four isozymes and that of liver was separated into two isozymes by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (PAGlEF). The LDH of skeletal muscle were separated into four isozymes through the chromatofocusing. The molecular weight of LDH isozymes in skeletal muscle was approximately estimated to be 140,000 by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The LDH isozymes of skeletal muscle, heart and liver were inhibited by pyruvate to the nearly similar degree. And the degree of inhibition by pyruvate showed the value between LDH A$_4$and LDH B$_4$isozyme. And the LDH isozymes in heart, liver and skeletal muscle were thermostable. The results mentioned above indicate that the LDH isozyme in lamprey (Lampetra japonica) has not one isozyme but isozymes. And it is also found out that the two structures of their subunits are similar each others.