• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.575-580
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• 1997

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of cellulase and brewers' grains addition on improvement of the fermentation quality and the nutritive value of barley straw silages made from dried or fresh straw. In Exp. I : 1 kg dried barley straw + 2 kg wet brewers' grains + 0 (I-0), 2 (I-2), 4 (I-4), 6 (I-6), and 8 (I-8) g of cellulase. In Exp. II : 2 kg fresh barley straw + 2 kg wet brewers' grains + 0 (II-0), 2 (II-2), 4 (II-4), 6 (II-6), and 8 (II-8) g of cellulase. Each prepared material was ensiled into vinyl bag silos (5 L capacity) and stored for 10 (Exp. I) or 7 (Exp. II) months at $21^{\circ}C$. The fermentation quality and nutritive value of barley straw silages produced were markedly improved by mixing them with wet brewers' grains, on the other hand the effect of cellulase addition on the fermentation and reduction of the cell wall components in the silos at ensiling more effectively occurred at low dry matter silages rather than at the high ones. All silages in both Exp. I and II were found well preserved as indicated by their low pH and high lactic acid concentration. Cellulase treated silages had a lower pH (p<0.05) and a higher lactic acid concentration (p<0.05) than those of without cellulase addition. NDF, ADF, and (Hemi)cellulose contents of cellulase treated silages reduced (p<0.05) compare to those of the corresponding silage without cellulase. Increasing levels of cellulase addition caused an increase in fermentation quality and reduction of cell wall components. In vitro dry mater digestibility was found similar in all silages. Fermentation quality and nutritive value of barley straw silages were improved by both wet brewers' grains and cellulase addition. Cellulase addition reduced the cell wall components silages, but did not improve the digestibility.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1971

1. Formation of cellulase in Myriococcum albomyces was investigated using shaking culture with addition of CMC or Avicel as an inducer to 5% wheat bran medium. 2. Three different types of cellulase fraction I, fraction II and fraction III in the culture filtrate were purified by elution column chromatography on a DEAE-Sephadex A-25. 3. By the addition of CMC as an inducer, CMCase activity was stronger than that of Avicelase. On the other hand, the addition of Avicel increased Avicelase activity.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.549-555
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• 1993

The production of cellulase by Pseudomonas sp. LBC505 isolated was under the strict genetic and biochemical control mechanisms such as catabolit repression and induction. These biochemical control reduced cellulase production. Thus LBC505 was mutated to increase enzyme yields. Cells growth and cellulase production were inhibited by the addition of 2-deoxy glucose (2-DG), which is presumed to function as repressor for the selection of high cellulase yielding mutant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.340-348
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• 1993

Cross-synergistic interactions were evaluated with purified enzymes from Trichoderma viride and Penicillium funiculosum cellulase. Different synergistic patterns between enzyme components were observed. Exo-exo type synergism was found to be the most effective for degrading Avicel in all cases. Exo-endo type synergism was found to be slightly less effective. Extended hydrolysis of Avicel was carried out using mixtures of purified enzyme components with the crude cellulase from a different source. Addition of $\beta$-glucosidase from P. funiculosum cellulase to T. viride cellulase provided the great enhancement of Avicel hydrolysis. In addition, exoglucanase from T. viride cellulase was found to enhance P. funiculosum cellulase in degradation of Avicel. In conclusion, it was possible to enhance the hydrolysis of Avicel by altering the proportions of enzyme components by supplementing enzyme components from a different source. Different types of synergisms acted together to achieve maximum conversion.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.208-213
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• 1998

The effect of the addition of wheat bran to the growth medium on the production of cellulolytic enzymes of Trichoderma reesei Rut C30 was studied in batch culture using shake flasks. The activity of cellulase was enhanced by the addition of wheat bran to the cellulase production medium. $KH_2PO_4$-$K_2HPO_4$ buffer was used for pH control during cellulase production. As a result, high cellulase activities were obtained in shake flask culture; a CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) activity of 125.78 U/ml was obtained from 2% Avicel- and 3% wheat bran-containing medium and an FP (filter paper) activity of 12.85U/ml was obtained from 1% Avicel- and 5% wheat bran-containing medium after 6 days of cultivation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.1301-1313
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• 2021

This study investigated the effects of applying cellulase and starch on the fermentation characteristics and microbial communities of Napier grass silage after ensiling for 30 d. Three groups were studied: No additives (control); added cellulase (Group 1); and added cellulase and starch (Group 2). The results showed that the addition of cellulase and starch decreased the crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and pH significantly (p < 0.05) and increased water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content (p < 0.05). The addition of additives in two treated groups exerted a positive effect on the lactic acid (LA) content, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) population, and lactic acid / acetic acid (LA/AA) ratio, even the changes were not significant (p > 0.05). Calculation of Flieg's scores indicated that cellulase application increased silage quality to some extent, while the application of cellulase and starch together significantly improved fermentation (p < 0.05). Compared with the control, both additive groups showed increased microbial diversity after ensiling with an abundance of favorable bacteria including Firmicutes and Weissella, and the bacteria including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acinetobacter increased as well. For alpha diversity analysis, the combined application of cellulase and starch in Group 2 gave significant increases in all indices (p < 0.05). The study demonstrated that the application of cellulase and starch can increase the quality of Napier grass preserved as silage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1032-1042
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to measure, compare, and investigate the physical properties of rayon/cotton blend fabrics treated with cellulase and cellulase & specific degeneration silicon and to present basic data which is in development a value-added fabric. The results are as follows. The condition for the treatment of cellulase was at 55$^{\circ}C$, pH 4 and the weight loss increased as the concentration of cellulase and the treated time increased. On treatment with cellulase, the crossectional view & longitudinal view of fiber noticed remarkable crack as weight loss increased and tensile strength and elongation decreased, and pilling was enhanced remarkably. KOSHI was increased, NUMERI and FUKURAMI were decreased as weight loss increased. In the basic characteristic value of clothing wearning, shape stability and drapability were decreased, but air content was improved. On treatment with cellulase & silicon, the degree of damage in the crossectional view & longitudinal view of the fiber reduced. Tensile strength, elongation, moisture regain improved. KOSHI and FUKURAMI were reduced, NUMERI was improved rather than when it was treated with cellulase. Therefore handle was improved. In the basic characteristic value of the clothing wearing, shape stability, air content, drapability were improved.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.470-475
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• 1999

Several enzyme were applied to Laubholz Bleached Kraft Pulp(LBKP) to evaluate the influence on beatability which was measured in Schopper Riegler value, and the results were compared with untreated pulp. Among the types of enzyme, cellulase was found to be the most effective. Addition of cellulase increased the beatability by 28% at optimum condition. Strength properties such as tensile strength and folding endurance also increased with enzymatic treatment by 12% and 46%, respectively. However, excessive dosage of cellulase had an adverse effect on strength properties in spite of the high beatability. Fibrillization by cellulase and destruction of fiber by excessive reaction was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.531-536
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• 1999

This study was conducted to compare the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or LAB+cellulases on the cell wall compositions and the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of Rhodesgrass (RG) and Italian ryegrass (IRG) silages. LAB (Lactobacillus cassei) at a concentration of $10{\times}10^5\;cfu.g^{-1}$ fresh forage was added to all ensiling samples (except the untreated control) of RG and IRG. The cellulases used were Acremoniumcellulase (A), Meicelase (M) or a mixture of both (AM). Each cellulase was applied at levels of 0.005, 0.01 and 0.02 % fresh sample. The samples were incubated at 20, 30 and $40^{\circ}C$ for about 2 months of storage. LAB inoculation did not affect cell wall components or IVDMD of both the RG and IRG silages, but LAB+cellulase treatments did. Increasing the amount of cellulase addition resulted in further decreases of cell wall concentrations. This reduction more markedly occurred with cellulases A and AM than it did with cellulase M. Cell wall components losses were higher in the IRG silages than in the RG silages. LAB+cellulase treatments decreased IVDMD of the RG silages, but had no effect on the IRG silages. The different effect of LAB+cellulase treatments on cell wall degradation and IVDMD of the RG and IRG silages suggested that RG contains more structural carbohydrates, which were difficult to degrade with cellulase, than did IRG.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.185-188
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• 1971

This experiment was conducted to study on the productive conditions of cellulase by Aspergillus saitoi in the shaking culture medium. The results were as follows: 1. The production of enzyme required higher concentration of corn steep liquor than that of dextrin. 2. The concentration of 1.0% $NH_4H_2SO_4$ produced the enzyme excellently than 3.0%. 3. The cellulase was produced very slowly by adding $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, but the final concentration of the enzyme was higher than control. The production was suppressed by addition of $CaCO_3$. 4. The addition of $1.0{\sim}2.0%$ substrate caused an increase or stimulation in cellulase production.