• 제목/요약/키워드: Cellular immune response

검색결과 364건 처리시간 0.028초

살모넬라 LPS를 주입한 육계병아리에 있어서 사료 중 크릴 밀 수준이 생산성과 면역반응에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Dietary Krill Meal Levels on Performance and Immune Response of Broiler Chicks Injected with Salmonella typhimurium Lipopolysaccharide)

  • 임진택;박인경;고태송
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
    • /
    • 제49권2호
    • /
    • pp.225-238
    • /
    • 2007
  • 급성기 반응중 육계병아리의 생산성과 면역반응에 미치는 사료중 크릴 밀 수준의 영향이 조사되었다. 갓 부화한 육계병아리(Ross) 수컷을 크릴 밀 0.0(기초), 0.5, 1.0 및 2.0% 함유한 실험사료로 3주간 실험사육하고 9, 11 및 13일령에 Salmonella typhymurium LPS를 복강내 주입하여 급성기 반응을 활성화하였다. 1. 급성기 반응은 유의하게(p<0.05) 일당증체와 사료섭취량을 감소시키고, 간장과 비장의 무게를 증가시키나 사료중 크릴 밀 수준에 의한 영향은 유의하지 않았다.2. 크릴 밀 사료급여는 TNF-α 활성을 급성기 반응과 회복중에도 기초사료에 비해 낮추었다(p<0.05). 급성기 반응은 TNF-α 활성을 대조에 비해서 기초사료 급여로 유의하게 증가시키나(p< 0.05), 크릴 밀 사료급여시는 유의하지 않았다. 3. 급성기 반응은 혈중 오보트렌스훼린 수준을 대조에 비해서 기초사료, 크릴 밀 1.0 및 2.0% 사료급여로 증가시키나 크릴 밀 0.5% 사료급여로 감소시켰다.4. 급성기 반응중 PBMC 및 비장세포의 증식도는 크릴 밀 0.5% 사료급여로 차이가 없었으나, 크릴 밀 1.0 및 2.0% 사료급여시에는 오히려 감소하였다(p<0.05). 대조인 정상병아리에서는 크릴 밀 수준에 따라 비장세포의 증식도가 점차 증가하였다. 본 연구 성적은 급성 기 반응중인 육계병아리에서 사료중 크릴 밀 첨가가 혈중 TNF-α 활성과 ovotransferrin 분비를 감소시키고 PBMC와 비장세포 증식도에 미치는 영향은, 사료중 크릴 밀이 육계 병아리의 선천 면역성과 세포성 면역성과 관계가 있다는 것을 나타내었다. (색인 단어:lipopolisaccharide(LPS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), PBMC와 비장세포의 증식, 크릴 밀, 육계 병아리)

게르마늄강화효모가 혈청지질 및 면역세포변화에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Germanium-fortified Yeast on the Serum Lipids and Immune Cell Subset)

  • 이성희;오선우;노숙령;이복희;이현주;진동규
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
    • /
    • 제35권6호
    • /
    • pp.683-689
    • /
    • 2006
  • 본 연구는 게르마늄강화효모 (germanium: 3,210 ppm, 400 mg${\times}$3회/day)가 인체의 혈청지질 및 면역세포 변화에 미치는 효과를 평가를 목적으로 $50{\sim}75$세의 남녀 50명을 대상으로 임상실험을 실시하였으며, 게르마늄강화효모 복용 전후에 따른 혈청지질 수준의 변화 및 면역증진 기능평가에 중요한 역할을 하는 NK세포, B세포, T세포 및 항암기능 효과를 지니는 $TNF-{\alpha}$의 생성의 변화를 확인하였다. 대조군과 보충군 모두 보충 전, 4주, 8주 후의 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크릿, 적혈구 지표(red blood cell indices) 및 백혈구 수, 혈소판, 혈당, ALT, AST, ALP, BUN, Cr, TB, TP, Alb, A/G ratio, ${\gamma}-globulin(g/dL)$이 보충에 따른 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 총 콜레스테롤, LDL 콜레스테롤 및 HDL 콜레스테롤은 보충 전, 후에 따른 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 중성지방의 경우 대조군에서는 보충 전, 후에 따른 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 게르마늄강화효모 보충군에서는 보충 전에 비해 보충 8주 후에는 p<0.05 수준에서 유의적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. B세포의 경우 대조군에서는 보충 전, 후에 따른 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 게르마늄강화효모 보충군에서는 보충 전에 비해 보충 8주 후에는 p<0.05 수준에서 유의적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. $TNF-{\alpha}$의 경우 대조군에서는 보충 전, 후에 따른 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 게르마늄강화효모 보충군에서는 보충 전에 비해 보충 8주 후에는 p<0.05 수준에서 유의적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 게르마늄강화효모가 인체의 면역증진에 각종 암, 성인병의 예방과 치료, 인체 면역력의 증진 등 건강증진을 위한 새로운 기능성 원료로의 활용이 기대되며, 이에 대한 지속적인 연구가 사료 된다.

Temporal Transcriptome Analysis of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Lung and Spleen in Human ACE2-Transgenic Mice

  • Jung Ah, Kim;Sung-Hee, Kim;Jung Seon, Seo;Hyuna, Noh;Haengdueng, Jeong;Jiseon, Kim;Donghun, Jeon;Jeong Jin, Kim;Dain, On;Suhyeon, Yoon;Sang Gyu, Lee;Youn Woo, Lee;Hui Jeong, Jang;In Ho, Park;Jooyeon, Oh;Sang-Hyuk, Seok;Yu Jin, Lee;Seung-Min, Hong;Se-Hee, An;Joon-Yong, Bae;Jung-ah, Choi;Seo Yeon, Kim;Young Been, Kim;Ji-Yeon, Hwang;Hyo-Jung, Lee;Hong Bin, Kim;Dae Gwin, Jeong;Daesub, Song;Manki, Song;Man-Seong, Park;Kang-Seuk, Choi;Jun Won, Park;Jun-Won, Yun;Jeon-Soo, Shin;Ho-Young, Lee;Jun-Young, Seo;Ki Taek, Nam;Heon Yung, Gee;Je Kyung, Seong
    • Molecules and Cells
    • /
    • 제45권12호
    • /
    • pp.896-910
    • /
    • 2022
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible and potentially fatal virus. So far, most comprehensive analyses encompassing clinical and transcriptional manifestation have concentrated on the lungs. Here, we confirmed evident signs of viral infection in the lungs and spleen of SARS-CoV-2-infected K18-hACE2 mice, which replicate the phenotype and infection symptoms in hospitalized humans. Seven days post viral detection in organs, infected mice showed decreased vital signs, leading to death. Bronchopneumonia due to infiltration of leukocytes in the lungs and reduction in the spleen lymphocyte region were observed. Transcriptome profiling implicated the meticulous regulation of distress and recovery from cytokine-mediated immunity by distinct immune cell types in a time-dependent manner. In lungs, the chemokine-driven response to viral invasion was highly elevated at 2 days post infection (dpi). In late infection, diseased lungs, post the innate immune process, showed recovery signs. The spleen established an even more immediate line of defense than the lungs, and the cytokine expression profile dropped at 7 dpi. At 5 dpi, spleen samples diverged into two distinct groups with different transcriptome profile and pathophysiology. Inhibition of consecutive host cell viral entry and massive immunoglobulin production and proteolysis inhibition seemed that one group endeavored to survive, while the other group struggled with developmental regeneration against consistent viral intrusion through the replication cycle. Our results may contribute to improved understanding of the longitudinal response to viral infection and development of potential therapeutics for hospitalized patients affected by SARS-CoV-2.

마우스에 있어서 멱역활성이 돼지회충의 감염에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Immunoactivity on Ascaris suum Infection in Mice)

  • 이재구;박배근;서영석
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
    • /
    • 제29권3호
    • /
    • pp.279-292
    • /
    • 1991
  • 마우스에의 돼지회충(Ascaris strum) 또는 선모충(Trichinella spiralis) 감염이 sRBC에 대한 면역능에 미치는 영향을 조사한 다음 전처치로서 선모충을 감염시키거나 또는 cyclophosphamide를 투여하고 나서 돼지회충란을 경구투여하여 그 감염상태와 소장점막내 비만세포와의 관련성 그 리고 비특이 세포성 및 체액성 면역능을 함께 관찰하였다. 마우스에 1,000개의 돼지회충란을 경구투여한 바 지연형 과민반응과 로제트 형성능은 시일이 경과됨에 따라 점점 감소하기 시작하여 각각 5주, 6주에 최저치에 이른 다음 점점 상승하여 10주에 원상으로 복귀하였으며, 적현구 응집소가 및 용현소가는 점점 상승하여 3주에 최고치에 이른 다음 그 후 정상으로 복귀하였으며, 말초힐액내 호산구 및 소장접막내 비만세포 출현율은 각각 4주 및 2주에 최고치를 보였다. 한편, 유충은 1주후에 폐와 간으로부터 총 21.97%가 누수되었다. 마우스에 300마리의 선모충의 감염유충을 경구투여한 바 지연형 과민반응과 로제트 형성능은 시일이 경과 됨에 따라 점점 낮아져 각각 30일 및 21일에 전저치에 이른 다음 그 후부터 다소 높아지다가 70일 및 80일에 다시 일시적으로 낮아졌다. 그리고, 적현구 응집소가 및 용혈소가도 각각 21일 및 90일 에 다른 기보다 낮았으나, 말초혈액내 호산구 및 소장점막내 비만세포 출현율은 각각 40일째 및 14 일째에 다른 기보다 높았다. Cyclophosphamide를 400 mg/kg의 용량으로 마우스의 복륙 내에 투여한 바 체중이나 비장의 중량, 지연형 과민반응, 로제트 형성능, 적혈구 응집소가 및 용혈소가, 백현구 총수, 소장점막내 비만세포 출현율은 투여 후 1일에 비하여 5일에 현저하게 저하되었다가 10일에 다 시 증가하여 1일과 거의 비슷한 수준으로 복귀하였다. 말포혈액내 호산구 출현율은 시일이 경과함 에 따라 점점 낮아지는 경향이었다. 한편, 마우스의 복강 내에 cyclophosphamide를 투여한 다음 1일, 5일, 10일에 각각 1,000개의 감염성 돼지회충란을 투여하고 난 후 7일의 유충각수률은 1일 7.07%, 5일 14.94%, 10일 10.1%이었으며 대조군은 8.02%이었다 유모충을 마우스에 감작감염시키고 나서 각각 30일 및 70일 간격을 두고 감염성 돼지회충란을 도전감염시킨 바 참작감염후 37일과 도전감염후 7일의 시점에 있어서 지연형 과민반응과 로제트 형성능은 고도로 저하하였는데 반하여 소장점막내 비만세포 출현율은 고도로, 말초혈액내 호산구출현율, 적혈구 응집소가 및 용혈소가는 상당히 증가하였다. 이 시점에 있어서의 유충은 대조가 22.18% 회수되었는데 비하여 9.3%밖에 회수되지 않았다. 한편, 감작감염후 77일과 도전감염후 7일의 시점에 있어서 sRBC에 대한 면역능에 미치는 영향은 전자의 양상과 비슷하였는데 대조에 비하여 지연형 과민반응과 로제트 형성능이 현저하게 저하되었다. 이 시점에 있어서의 유충회수율은 대조가 10.5% 이었는데 비하여 8.3%이었다.

  • PDF

Differential Effects of TNF-${\alpha}$ on the Survival and Apoptosis of Human Granulocytes and the Human Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line

  • Yang, Eun Ju;Chang, Jeong Hyun
    • 대한의생명과학회지
    • /
    • 제19권2호
    • /
    • pp.118-123
    • /
    • 2013
  • Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) is a proinflammatory cytokine that mediates the inflammatory response and immune functions, and modulates the proliferation, differentiation and cell death of cancer cells. The differential functions of TNF-${\alpha}$ in various human cells due to the formation of different stimulating pathway upon the binding of TNF-${\alpha}$ to its receptors. In the present study, we examined the different effects of TNF-${\alpha}$ on the survival and apoptosis between normal granulocytes and human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells. Although TNF-${\alpha}$ did not affect on the constitutive apoptosis of granulocytes, TNF-${\alpha}$ strongly induced the apoptosis of HL-60 cells in a dose- and a time-dependent manner. TNF-${\alpha}$-induced apoptosis was occurred via the activation of caspase 8, caspase 9 and caspase 3/7 and the induction of ROS production in HL-60 cells. Also, BAY-11-7085, a NF-${\kappa}B$ inhibitor, blocked the TNF-${\alpha}$-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. NF-${\kappa}B$ may be involved in TNF-${\alpha}$-induced apoptotic signaling pathway in HL-60 cells. These results suggest that TNF-${\alpha}$ activates apoptotic pathways and its process depends on cell type and many cellular factors. A better understanding of the differential effect of TNF-${\alpha}$ on cell apoptosis and survival may provide important information that can be used to elucidate the specific inhibitory effect of TNF-${\alpha}$ on the cancer dis.

Alloimmune and Skin Allograft Responses In 4-1BB (CD137)-deficient Mice

  • Wolisi, Godwin;Srirangam, Anjaiah;Vinay, Dass S.;Suh, Jae H.;Suh, Ho-Seok;Choi, Beom K.;Kwon, Byoung S.
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
    • /
    • 제2권3호
    • /
    • pp.133-136
    • /
    • 2002
  • Background: The costimulatory molecule 4-1BB, a member of nerve growth factor receptor/tumor necrosis factor (NGFR/TNFR) super family, is involved in cell survival and death. Methods: In this study, female C57BL/6 ($H-2^b$) mice were used as a recipient, and DBA/2 ($H-2^d$) as a donor to assess a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and CTL response in vitro, and skin graft survival. IL-2, IFN level was measured by ELISA. Results: Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) analysis showed that 4-1BB-deficient responder cells showed enhanced cellular proliferation over littermate controls. In contrast, IL-2 production was diminished only in 4-1BB knockout cultures. The IFN expression, on the other hand, was comparable between the groups. When female C57BL/6 ($H-2^b$) mice were grafted with the trunk skin of DBA/2 ($H-2^d$) mice, the in vivo tissue destruction of 4-1BB-deficient mice was not distinct from the normal littermates. Conclusion: These data suggest that 4-1BB is critical for the induction of alloreactive responses in vitro but 4-1BB alone could not change the course of skin rejection in vivo.

Potentiation of Th1-Type Immune Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens in Mice by Cationic Liposomes Combined with De-O-Acylated Lipooligosaccharide

  • Ko, Ara;Wui, Seo Ri;Ryu, Ji In;Lee, Yeon Jeong;Hien, Do Thi Thu;Rhee, Inmoo;Shin, Sung Jae;Park, Shin Ae;Kim, Kwang Sung;Cho, Yang Je;Lee, Na Gyong
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제28권1호
    • /
    • pp.136-144
    • /
    • 2018
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bacillus Calmette-$Gu\acute{e}rin$ (BCG) vaccine is the only TB vaccine currently available, but it is not sufficiently effective in preventing active pulmonary TB or adult infection. With the purpose of developing an improved vaccine against TB that can overcome the limitations of the current BCG vaccine, we investigated whether adjuvant formulations containing de-O-acylated lipooligosaccharide (dLOS) are capable of enhancing the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of TB subunit vaccines. The results revealed that the dLOS/dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDA) adjuvant formulation significantly increased both humoral and Th1-type cellular responses to TB subunit vaccine that are composed of three antigens, Ag85A, ESAT-6, and HspX. The adjuvanted TB vaccine also effectively induced the Th1-type response in a BCG-primed mouse model, suggesting a potential as a booster vaccine. Finally, the dLOS/DDA-adjuvanted TB vaccine showed protective efficacy against M. tuberculosis infection in vitro and in vivo. These data indicate that the dLOS/DDA adjuvant enhances the Th1-type immunity and protective efficacy of the TB subunit vaccine, suggesting that it would be a promising adjuvant candidate for the development of a booster vaccine.

Bacteroides fragilis Toxin Induces IL-8 Secretion in HT29/C1 Cells through Disruption of E-cadherin Junctions

  • Hwang, Soonjae;Gwon, Sun-Yeong;Kim, Myung Sook;Lee, Seunghyung;Rhee, Ki-Jong
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
    • /
    • 제13권5호
    • /
    • pp.213-217
    • /
    • 2013
  • Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is a human gut commensal bacteria that causes inflammatory diarrhea and colitis. ETBF also promotes colorectal tumorigenesis in the Min mouse model. The key virulence factor is a secreted metalloprotease called B. fragilis toxin (BFT). BFT induces E-cadherin cleavage, cell rounding, activation of the ${\beta}$-catenin pathway and secretion of IL-8 in colonic epithelial cells. However, the precise mechanism by which these processes occur and how these processes are interrelated is still unclear. E-cadherin form homophilic interactions which tethers adjacent cells. Loss of E-cadherin results in detachment of adjacent cells. Prior studies have suggested that BFT induces IL-8 expression by inducing E-cadherin cleavage; cells that do not express E-cadherin do not secrete IL-8 in response to BFT. In the current study, we found that HT29/C1cells treated with dilute trypsin solution induced E-cadherin degradation and IL-8 secretion, consistent with the hypothesis that E-cadherin cleavage causes IL-8 secretion. However, physical damage to the cell monolayer did not induce IL-8 secretion. We also show that EDTA-mediated disruption of E-cadherin interactions without E-cadherin degradation was sufficient to induce IL-8 secretion. Finally, we determined that HT29/C1 cells treated with LiCl (${\beta}$-catenin activator) induced IL-8 secretion in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Taken together, our results suggest that BFT induced IL-8 secretion may occur by the following process: E-cadherin cleavage, disruption of cellular interactions, activation of the ${\beta}$-catenin pathway and IL-8 expression. However, we further propose that E-cadherin cleavage per se may not be required for BFT induced IL-8 secretion.

Fusobacterium nucleatum 1차 면역의 Porphyromonas gingivalis 2차 면역에 대한 숙주반응 조절기능 (Prior Exposure of Mice to Fusobacterium Nucleatum Modulates Host Response to Porphyromonas Gingivalis)

  • 손한용;김성조;최점일
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
    • /
    • 제30권3호
    • /
    • pp.675-687
    • /
    • 2000
  • Multiple periodontal pathogens sequentially colonize the subgingival niche during the conversion from gingivitis to destructive periodontal disease. An animal model of sequential immunization with key periodontal pathogens has been developed to determine whether T and B lymppocyte effector functions are skewed and fail to protect the host from pathogenic challenge. The present study was performed to evaluate immunomodulatory effect of exposure to Fusobacterium nucleatum(F. nucleatum) prior to Porphyromonas gingivalis(P. gingi - valis). Group 1(control) mice were immunized with phosphate-buffered saline, Group 2 were immunized with F. nucleatum prior to P. gingivalis, while Group 3 were immunized P. gingivalis alone. All the T cell clones derived from Group 2 demonstrated type 2 helper T cell clone(Th2 subsets), while those from Group 3 mice demonstrated Th1 subsets. Exposure of mice to F . nucleatum prior to P. gingivalis interfered with opsonophagocytosis function of sera against P. gingivalis. In adoptive T cell transfer experiments, in vivo protective capacity type 2 helper T cell clones(Th2) from Group 2 was significantly lower than type 1 helper T cell clones(Th1) from Group 3 against the lethal dose infection of P. gingivalis. Western blot analysis indicated the different pattern of recognition of P .gingivalis fimbrial proteins between sera from Group 2 and Group 3. In conclusion, these study suggest that colonization of the subgingival niche by F .nucleatum prior to the periodontal pathogen, P. gingivalis, modulates the host immune responses to P. gingivalis at humoral, cellular and molecular levels.

  • PDF

오자지황음자(五子地黃飮子) 열수추출물과 초미세분말이 싸이토카인과 건망증 생쥐모델 기억력감퇴에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of OJaJiHwangEumJa(OJJHEJ) Hot water extract & Ultra-fine Powder on Proinflammatory Cytokine of Microglia and Memory Deficit Model)

  • 김석환;이상룡
    • 동의신경정신과학회지
    • /
    • 제19권3호
    • /
    • pp.55-68
    • /
    • 2008
  • Background: Microglia produces a barrage of factors (IL-l, TNF-$\alpha$, NO, superoxide) that are toxic to neurons and playa major role in the cellular immune response associated with the pathology of Alzheimer's disease(AD). OJaJiHwangEumJa(OJJHEJ) has been usually used for the treatment of senile disorders. For enhancing efficacy and convenience, the change of the drug delivery device of oriental herbal medicine is required. Objective: This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on proinflammatory cytokine of microglia and memory deficit model. Method: The effects of the OJJHEJ hot water extract on production of IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS) were investigated. The effects of the OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on the behavior of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine and AChE in serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine were investigated. Results: 1. The OJJHEJ hot water extract suppressed the production of IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ in BV2 microglial cell line and the production of IL-6 was suppressed significantly. 2. The OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder decreased AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine. 3. The OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on the scopolamine-induced impairment of memory in the experiment of Morris water maze. Conclusions: This experiment shows that the OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder might be effective for the prevention and treatment of memory impairment diseases. Investigation into the clinical use of the OJJHEJ hot water extract & ultra-fine powder for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

  • PDF