• Molecules and Cells
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.392-400
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• 2021

It has been more than a year since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first emerged. Many studies have provided insights into the various aspects of the immune response in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Especially for antibody treatment and vaccine development, humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 has been studied extensively, though there is still much that is unknown and controversial. Here, we introduce key discoveries on the humoral immune responses in COVID-19, including the immune dynamics of antibody responses and correlations with disease severity, neutralizing antibodies and their cross-reactivity, how long the antibody and memory B-cell responses last, aberrant autoreactive antibodies generated in COVID-19 patients, and the efficacy of currently available therapeutic antibodies and vaccines against circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, and highlight gaps in the current knowledge.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.843-851
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• 1995

To observe the effect of Demodex canis infection on the cellular immune response and hematological profile, 8 Doberman pinschers experimentally infected with D cains and 4 uninfected control dogs were sensitized with 2, 4-dinitro-chlorobenzene(DNCB) on the skin and were challenged with DNCB 14 days after the initial sensitization to elicit allergic contact dermatitis. Histological and hematological changes of these dogs were then observed. Macroscopic changes of skin challenged with DNCB in D canis-infected dogs included significantly reduced area of allergic reaction(p<0.05) than in uninfected control group. Infiltration of inflammatory cells in the D canis-infected group was also significantly reduced(p<0.05) than in the uninfected control group. These changes indicated that the cell-mediated immune response of the animals was suppressed by the infection with D canis. Total white blood cell count in dogs infected with D canis was increased when dogs were sensitized with DNCB (p<0.01). The result appeared to be caused by stress due to D canis infection, secondary bacterial infection and decreased efficacy of general body defense system. Blood eosionophils were increased in D canis-infected dogs which appreared to be caused by the allergic contact dermatitis. Blood chemistry analysis revealed that total protein and globulin were increased(p<0.05), while albumin level was decreased. This result appeared to be caused by secondary bacterial infection.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.303-308
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• 2011

This study investigated whether elevated host immune capacity can inhibit T. gondii infection. For this purpose, we used silk protein extracted from Bombyx mori cocoons as a natural supplement to augment immune capacity. After silk protein administration to BALB/c mice for 6 weeks, ratios of T lymphocytes ($CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ T-cells) and splenocyte proliferative capacities in response to Con A or T. gondii lysate antigen (TLA) were increased. Of various cytokines, which regulate immune systems, Th1 cytokines, such as IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-2, and IL-12, were obviously increased in splenocyte primary cell cultures. Furthermore, the survival of T. gondii (RH strain)-infected mice increased from 2 days to 5 or more days. In a state of immunosuppression induced by methylprednisolone acetate, silk protein-administered mice were resistant to reduction in T-lymphocyte ($CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ T-cells) numbers and the splenocyte proliferative capacity induced by Con A or TLA with a statistical significance. Taken together, our results suggest that silk protein augments immune capacity in mice and the increased cellular immunity by silk protein administration increases host protection against acute T. gondii infection.

• 약학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 1989

The cellular and nonspecific immune response of EPA were investigated in mice. ICR male mice were divided into 8 groups and received intraperiteneal injection of EPA (5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Cyclophosphamide (5 mg/kg) was administered i.p. 2days prior to secondary immunization. Immune responses were evaluated by hypersensitivity to SRBC(DTH), rosette forming cell(RFC), natural killer(NK) cell activity and macrophage activity. The obtanined results were as follows: As compared to normal group, 1) DTH was increased by EPA 5 mg, 10 mg administration groups. 2) RFC was significantly increased by EPA 20 mg administration group. 3) NK-Cell activity was significantly increased by EPA 10 mg administration group. 4) Macrophase activity was enhanced by EPA 5 mg administration group.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2000

Bacterial components and their derivatives have been reported to mediate various immunomodulating activities and to activate immune cells including macrophage. In this study, the secretory and cellular macrophage response to teichoicated fragments (TFs) from pneumococcal cell wall subcomponent were examined. Tumoricidal activity was measured by MTT assay and secretory molecules were assessed by biological assay. After stimulation of macrophages with various doses of TFs for 18hrs, secretion of TNF-$\alpha$, nitrite and $H_2O$$_2$ were significantly increased as compared to medium-treated control. In addition, tumorcidal activity of TFs-treated macrophages was enhanced, whereas production of IL-1 and IL-6, and phagocytic activity were not induced. These data suggest that TFs is a potent inducer of macrophage secretory and cellular activities.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제46권10호
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• pp.573-578
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• 2023

The mammalian skin contains hair follicles, which are epidermal appendages that undergo periodic cycles and exhibit mini-organ features, such as discrete stem cell compartments and different cellular components. Wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis (WIHN) is the remarkable ability to regenerate hair follicles after large-scale wounding and occurs in several adult mammals. WIHN is comparable to embryonic hair follicle development in its processes. Researchers are beginning to identify the stem cells that, in response to wounding, develop into neogenic hair follicles, as well as to understand the functions of immune cells, mesenchymal cells, and several signaling pathways that are essential for this process. WIHN represents a promising therapeutic approach to the reprogramming of cellular states for promoting hair follicle regeneration and preventing scar formation. In the scope of this review, we investigate the contribution of several cell types and molecular mechanisms to WIHN.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.286-292
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronical exposure to high-level dusts on cellular immune function. Methods: The subjects were 110 male workers, among whom 60 were chronically exposed to high-level dusts in mica, limestone and iron mines. The remaining 50 were office workers. Ambient total, respirable dust and crystalline silica in the workplace were sampled using personal air samplers and analyzed according to NIOSH method 0500. Serum levels of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxide and superoxide misutase activity were measured using absorption chromatography. The subpopulations of CD4+, CD8+, natural killer cells (CD16+) and CD3+ T-lymphocytes were examined by two-color staining using monoclonal antibodies. Results: The concentration of hydrogen peroxide was significantly higher in exposed workers and superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher in control workers. No significant difference in numbers of T-lymphocyte subpopulations were observed between exposed and control workers. A significant correlation in exposed workers was observed among total dusts, respirable dusts and crystalline silica. Hydrogen peroxide was significantly correlated with total dust (r=0.720, p<0.01), respirable dust (r=0.770, p<0.01) and crystalline silica (r=0.678, p<0.01). Concentration of hydrogen peroxide showed a significantly negative correlation with numbers of CD8+ cells (r=-0.274, p<0.01), CD3+ cells (r=-0.222, p<0.01) and natural killer cells (r=-0.556, p<0.01). Conclusions: These results suggest that chronical exposure to high-level dust affects cellular immune function and effects might mediate through reactive oxygen species and inflammatory response.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2018

곤충의 면역반응에 대한 연구는 곤충 체내 침입한 미생물들과 직접 반응하는 기작들을 중심으로 연구되었다. 그러나 미생물들이 곤충 체내에 침입 한 후 발생되는 다양한 미생물 분비물질에 의한 곤충 면역반응의 시작여부 등에 대한 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 이를 위하여 흰점박이 꽃무지(Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis) 유충의 장내에 존재하는 공생균과 체외 병원균을 동일한 조건에서 배양 하고 다양한 분비물질들이 존재 할 거라 예상되는 배양액만을 분리, 유충에 주사하여 면역반응 여부를 조사하였다. 공생균 배양액을 주입한 유충들은 비교적 건강하고 면역반응도 발생하지 않았으나 병원균 배양액을 주입한 유충의 경우 150시간 후 60% 이상 사망하였고 주사된 자리도 짙은 갈색의 멜라닌화가 관찰 되었다. 이러한 면역반응은 과립혈구세포의 리소좀(Lysosomes) 활성화 여부로 재확인 하였다. 병원균 배양액이 주입된 유충들의 경우 12시간 후 리소좀이 ~50% 이상 활성화 되었으나 공생균 배양액이 주입된 유충들의 경우 ~5% 미만으로 활성화 되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 공생균 배양액내에는 기주면역반응을 유도하는 물질들이 없거나 량이 매우 적게 존재하는 것을 추측 할 수 있었다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.81-93
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• 1997

In order to investigate the anti-stress effect of Hyangbujapalmultnag in immobilization stress rats, the change of body weight, and, the humoral and cellular immune response were measured.The following results were obtained.1. The decrease of the body weight was significantly inhibited in test group, comparing with the control group.2 In the plaque fomation test, the number of the plaque in the control group was decreased but, the decreased in test group was significantly inhibited, comparing with the control group.3. In the hemagglutination titer, the control group was decreased on the serum antibody titer, but, the decreased in test group was significantly inhibited, comparing with the control group.4. In the footpad swelling response, the differences between the control and test group were not shown.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 1995

In order to investigate the Anti-stress effect of Guibiondamtang in the immobilization stressed rats, the level of serum catecholamine, the change of body weight, the humoral and cellular immune response were studied. The results were as follows; 1. The decrese of the body weight was significantly inhibited in test group for Guibiondamtang, comparting to the control group. 2. The increase of the level of serum norepinephrine was significantly inhibited in test group, comparing to the control group. 3. The increase of the level of serum epinephrine was significantly inhibited in test group, comparing to the control group. 4. In the hemagglutinaton titer, the control group was decreased on the serum antibody titer but test group was inhibitory effect on the decrease of sereum antibody titer. 5. In the plaque formation test, the control and test group were not shown significant differences. 6. In the foot pad swelling respopnse, the control group was decreased on DTH response but test group was increased comparing to the normal group. 7. There was no change on the distribution of lymphocyte subset(CD4, CD8), grnulocyte and macrophage analyzed by flow cytometry.