• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.745-758
• /
• 2001

The purpose of study to phenomenological examine and the mechanism regarding the gene(DNA, RNA, Protein) and sports to studied, analyzed. and evaluated. This review considers the evidence for genetic effects in several determinants of endurance performance and resistance performance, namely: body measurements and physique, body fat pulmonary functions, cardiac and circulatory functions, muscle characteristics. substrate utilization, maximal aerobic power and other. Moreover, the response to aerobic training of indicators aerobic work metabolism and endurance performance is reviewed, with emphasis on the specificity of the response and the individual differences observed in training ability. This study indicate that improvement of 'Enhancer Action' in RNA genes changed by exercise or sports. Moreover exercise was effect on Central Dogma with DNA makes RNA makes Protein. and think that occurred with exercise influence on skeletal muscle into cell have to Myosin Heavy Chain (MHC) changed was after exercise performance, which accompanied into skeletal muscle that were exercise-induces gene-modulation that is, take gene mutations. This study known that existed hormone(epinephrine)-immune system with interaction. Exercise were altered insulin binding and MAP Kinase signaling increased into immune cells. This review suggested that the high rate of glutamine utilization by cells of the immune system serves to maintain a high intra cellular concentration of the intermediates of biosynthetic pathways such that optimal rates of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis can be maintained. In the absence of glutamine, lymphocytes do not proliferate in vitro: proliferation increase greatly as the glutamine concentration increase. Glutamine is synthesized in skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle and plasma glutamine levels are lowered by sepsis, injury, bums, surgery and endurance exercise and in the overtrained athlete. The study of result show that production of ET-1 is markedly increased tissue specifically in the heart by exercise without appreciable changes in endothelin-converting enzyme and endothelial receptor expressions, suggest that myocardial ET-1 may participate in modulation of cardiac function during exercise. Conclusionally, this study indicate that improvement of 'Enhancer Action' in RNA genes changed by exercise or sports. Moreover exercise was effect on Central Dogma with DNA makes RNA makes Protein. This study is expected to contribute the area of sports science, medicine, hereafter more effort is required to establish the relation between gene alters and exercise amount.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2000

The chloroform and methanol (2;1, v/v) extract from an edible plant, Actinidia arguta Planchon, appeared to possess antitumor activity against human leukemias Jurkat T and U937 cells through inducing apoptosis. The substance in the solvent extract was purified by silica gel column chromatography, preparative TLC, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Characteristics of the substance analyzed by UV scanning analysis, $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectra suggested that the substance belongs to the chlorophyll derivatives-like group. The $IC_{50}$ value of the chlorophyll derivative (Cp-D) determined by MTT assay was $15\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ for Jurkat, $10\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ for U937, and $11.4\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ for HL-60m and was more toxic to these leukemias than to solid tumors or normal fibroblast. In order to elucidate cellular mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity, the effect of the Cp-D on Jurkat T cells was investigated. When cells were treated with the Cp-D at a concentration of $15\mu\textrm{g}/ml$, [3H]thymidine incorporation declined rapidly and wa undetectable in 1h. However, no significant changes were made in the cell cycle distribution of the cells by 24h. The sub-Gl peak representing apoptotic cells began to be detectable in 36h, at which time apoptotic DNA fragmentation was also detected on agarose gel electrophoresis, demonstrating that the cytotoxic effect of the Cp-D is attributable to the induced apoptosis. Under the same conditions, although the protein level of cyclin-dependent kinases such as cdc4, csk6, cdk2, and cdc2 was not significantly changed until 24h, the kinase activity of all c안 rapidly declined and reached a minimum level within 1-6h and then recovered to the initial level by 12h and sustained until 24h. These results suggest that inactivation of cdks at an inappropriate time during the cell cycle progression in jurkat T cells following a treatment with the Cp-D leads to induction of apoptotic cell death.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.386-390
• /
• 1997

The characteristics of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH, EC 1.1.1.1, alcohol:NAD oxidoreductase) of thermotolerant alcohol-producing yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae RA-74-2 and Kluyveromyces marxianus RA-912, were compared with that of mesophilic S. cerevisiae D, an industrial strain. Under anaerobic culture condition, both S. cerevisiae RA-74-2 and D had similar level of ADH activity at 30$\circ$C, and the activity of S. cerevisiae RA-74-2 at 37$\circ$C was the same level at 30$\circ$C. However, the level of ADH activity of S. cerevisiae D at 37$\circ$C decreased about 70% of that at 30$\circ$C. The level of enzyme activity of K. marxianus RA-912, which showed lower alcohol productivity than S. cerevisiae RA-74-2 and D, was about 43% of those strains at 30$\circ$C, and decreased somewhat at 37$\circ$C. The results showed a good correlation between the alcohol productivities and the level of ADH activities of these strains grown at 30$\circ$C and 37$\circ$C. And the higher heat stability of ADH of S. cerevisiae RA-74-2 than that of S. cerevisiae D seemed to reflect the ability of high temperature fermentation. Despite of its fermentation ability even at 45$\circ$C, however, the ADH of K. marxianus RA-912 showed lower heat stability than that of S. cerevisiae D. Both S. cerevisiae RA-74-2 and D showed similar patterns of two bands of ADH isozyme, and the low band of S. cerevisiae RA-74-2 moved slightly faster than that of S. cerevisiae D. The staining intensity of the bands of S. cerevisiae D at 37$\circ$C was weaker than those at 30$\circ$C. However, S. cerevisiae RA-74-2 showed no differences in total intensity of the bands of 30$\circ$C and 37$\circ$C. As the patterns of cellular proteins and ADH isozyme of K. marxianus RA-912 were different from S. cerevisiae RA-74-2 and D, K. marxianus might have its own characteristic ADH system.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.421-426
• /
• 2010

무선 메쉬 네트워크는 쉬운 설치와 향상된 커버리지로 인해 많은 관심과 연구가 진행되고 있다. 예를 들면 메쉬 네트워크에서 throughput을 향상시키는 라우팅 프로토콜에 관한 연구나, 메쉬 링크의 품질을 측정하는 방법 등 다양하다. 하지만 이러한 연구들 중 대부분은 메쉬 라우터의 위치가 고정되어 있다고 가정한다. 하지만 실내 메쉬 네트워크의 경우 관리자가 메쉬 네트워크를 독점적으로 관리하기 때문에 설치 시에 메쉬 라우터를 설치할 위치를 마음대로 결정할 수 있다. 따라서 처음부터 메쉬 네트워크의 성능을 고려하여 메쉬 라우터를 설치하는 것은 성능향상에 필수적이다. 이 논문에서는 유전자 기반 최적화 알고리즘을 바탕으로 메쉬 네트워크의 특성 (간섭, 패킷 전달 토폴로지 등)을 고려한 메쉬 라우터 위치선정 기법을 제시한다. 기존에 메쉬 네트워크는 아니지만 다양한 무선 내트워크에서 기지국이나 AP등을 설치하는 문제가 연구되었고, 메쉬 네트워크의 고정된 메쉬 라우터 집합에서 게이트웨이를 선택하는 문제등이 연구되었지만, 메쉬 라우터의 위치를 선택하는데 있어서, 메쉬 라우터들의 위치나 메쉬 라우터 상에서의 패킷 전송 토폴로지에 의한 간섭을 고려한 연구는 없었다. 다양한 시뮬레이션을 통해 이 논문에서 제시된 기법이 랜덤 선택 기법에 비해 30-40%의 향상을 달성하였음을 보였다.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.280-289
• /
• 1998

Voltage-sensitive ion channels contribute to establishment of the cell excitablity and the generation of the cellular function. At hamster oocytes in the primitive stage during developing process, an inward current elicited by voltage pulses was found to be carried mainly by $Ca^{2+}$. Even at present, $Ca^{2+}$ channels serve as the most probable route to pass this inward current but there is no evidence of the presence of this channels in eggs. To date, both the characteristic properties and the physiological role in the early stage of development remain unclear. Here we examined the characteristic properties of the inward current and changes in this currents at unfertilized oocytes, fertilized zygotes and two-cell embryos using whole-cell voltage clamp technique. The inward current carried reportedly by $Ca^{2+}$ was remained following removing external $Ca^{2+}$ but completely abolished by further replacement of impermeants such as tetramethylammonium ion ($TMA^+$) or $choline^+$ instead of $[Na^+]_0$. Tetrodotoxin did not affect on this inward current remained at $[Ca^{2+}]_0$-free condition. Removal of $Na^+$ ion out of the experimental solution clearly decreased the current. After adding 2mM $Ca^{2+}$ to the $Na^+$-free media, the inward current was restored. Interestingly, this current carried by either $Ca^{2+}$ or $Na^+$ was decreased by the reduction of intracellular $Cl^-$ concentration, or by $Cl^-$ channel blockers such as niflumic acid, DIDS and SITS. When $Cl^-$ concentration was lowered without changes in other ionic components, this inward current was reduced. At fertilized oocytes and two-cell embryos, the inward current carried by $Ca^{2+}$ and $Na^+$ was severely reduced. Also $Cl^-$ component could not be observed. From these results, the inward current is composed of $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ component, suggesting that the channel carrying this inward current is not selective specifically to $Ca^{2+}$. During early stage of development, the voltage-sensitive ion current seems not to contribute essentially to the cell cleavage and differentiation. The loss of $Cl^-$ component after fertilization suggests that $Cl^-$ may play a role in maintaining the viability of unfertilized ova.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.339-346
• /
• 2020

Background: Cnidium officinale Makino have been used in traditional medicine in Northeast Asia. Although gamma-ray mutagenesis has been used to develop breeding resources with novel characteristics, research on the radiation sensitivity of C. officinale Makino is limited. Hence, the optimal gamma-ray dosage for mutation breeding in C. officinale Makino was investigated. Methods and Results: Seedstocks were exposed to doses of gamma rays (5 Gy - 50 Gy), and subsequently planted in a greenhouse. After 30 days of sowing, the survival rates and growth decreased rapidly at doses above 20 Gy, while all individuals died at 50 Gy. The median lethal dose (LD₅₀) was 25.65 Gy, and the median reduction doses (RD₅₀) for plant height, number of stems, and fresh weight were 12.81, 9.32, and 23.26 Gy, respectively. Post-irradiation levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), and chlorophyll in the aerial parts of the plant were quantified using spectrophotometry. Relative to the controls, the levels of MDA and POD increased, while the level of chlorophyll decreased at doses ≥ 10 Gy, indicating cellular damage. Conclusions: A dose of 20 Gy was found to be optimal for mutation breeding in C. officinale Makino.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제76권1호
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2014

Background: Apoptosis plays a role in the development of pleural effusion. Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18, a marker for epithelial cell apoptosis, was evaluated in pleural effusion. Methods: A total of 79 patients with pleural effusion were enrolled. The underlying causes were lung cancer (n=24), parapneumonic effusion (n=15), tuberculous effusion (n=28), and transudates (n=12). The levels of M30, an epitope of caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18, were measured in blood and pleural fluids using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay along with routine cellular and biochemical parameters. The expression of M30 was evaluated in the pleural tissues using immunohistochemistry for M30. Results: The M30 levels in pleural fluid were significantly higher in patients with tuberculosis ($2,632.1{\pm}1,467.3U/mL$) than in patients with lung cancer ($956.5{\pm}618.5U/mL$), parapneumonic effusion ($689.9{\pm}413.6U/mL$), and transudates ($273.6{\pm}144.5U/mL$; all p<0.01). The serum levels were not significantly different among the disease groups. Based on receiver operating characteristics analysis, the area under the curve of M30 for differentiating tuberculous pleural effusion from all other effusions was 0.93. In the immunohistochemical analysis of M30, all pathologic types of cancer cells showed moderate to high expression, and the epithelioid cells in granulomas showed high expression in tuberculous pleural tissues. Conclusion: Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 was most prominently observed in tuberculous pleural effusion and showed utility as a clinical marker. The main source of M30 was found to be the epithelioid cells of granulomas in tuberculous pleural tissues.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.529-536
• /
• 2009

Genome sequencing of the pig is being accelerated because of its importance as an evolutionary and biomedical model animal as well as a major livestock animal. However, information on expressed porcine genes is insufficient to allow annotation and use of the genomic information. A series of expressed sequence tags of 5' ends of five full-length enriched cDNA libraries (SUSFLECKs) were functionally characterized. SUSFLECKs were constructed from porcine abdominal fat, induced fat cells, loin muscle, liver, and pituitary gland, and were composed of non-normalized and normalized libraries. A total of 55,658 ESTs that were sequenced once from the 5′ ends of clones were produced and assembled into 17,684 unique sequences with 7,736 contigs and 9,948 singletons. In Gene Ontology analysis, two significant biological process leaf nodes were found: gluconeogenesis and translation elongation. In functional domain analysis based on the Pfam database, the beta transducin repeat domain of WD40 protein was the most frequently occurring domain. Twelve genes, including SLC25A6, EEF1G, EEF1A1, COX1, ACTA1, SLA, and ANXA2, were significantly more abundant in fat tissues than in loin muscle, liver, and pituitary gland in the SUSFLECKs. These characteristics of SUSFLECKs determined by EST analysis can provide important insight to discover the functional pathways in gene networks and to expand our understanding of energy metabolism in the pig.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2000

In order to understand the effects of sex or age on cellular characteristics of adipocytes from Hanwoo and sheep, samples were obtained from omental, subcutaneous, intermuscular and intramuscular adipose tissue depots of bulls, steers, heifers and cows in Hanwoo, and perirenal, omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues of fetal lambs, suckling lambs and wethers in sheep. In case of Hanwoo, mean diameter, surface area and volume of adipocytes from each depot were obtained by multisizer II (Coulter Co., UK). Osmium-fixed adipocytes were sized and counted using $560{\mu}m$ aperture. For samples obtained from sheep, cellularity was measured by using microscope and MCV program of Texas Instrument. Bulls had less subcutaneous and kidney fat than steers even though their slaughter and carcass weight were heavier. The amounts of fat from cows were greater in subcutaneous, kidney and internal organs than heifers. Steers had larger adipocytes in subcutaneous, intermuscular and intramuscular adipose tissues than bulls, although the differences were significant only for the subcutaneous adipose tissue depots. Adipocytes appeared to be largest in omental and smallest in intramuscular adipose tissue, although there were no significant differences among tissues. In a comparison of heifers and cows, significant site effects (p<0.05) were shown in adipocyte diameter, surface area and volume, and adipocyte appeared to be largest in omental tissue. Statistical difference (p<0.05) was only shown in cell volume of intramuscular tissue which was higher in cow than heifer. Intramuscular adipose tissue tended to have relatively greater numbers of cells per gram tissue and reflect lesser maturity of intramuscular adipose tissue relative to other adipose tissues. In sheep, regardless of adipose tissue depots, wethers had the greater adipocyte diameters than those at any other growth stage of sheep. Within adipose depots, the ranking of cell size was the greatest in the omental tissue of wether and the lowest in the renal and subcutaneous adipose tissue depots of fetal lamb. The cell size of adipocyte became larger with age, especially from fetal to suckling lamb due to a rapid hypertrophy of both perirenal and subcutaneous adipocytes during the suckling period.

• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.353-361
• /
• 2019

본 연구에서는 Fervidobacterium islandicum AW-1를 이용하여 케라틴 펩타이드를 생산하고, 두피 및 모발에 관련된 인자를 확인하여, 화장품 원료로서 케라틴 펩타이드의 가능성을 알아보았다. 모유두 세포주에 케라틴 펩타이드를 농도에 따라 세포 독성 및 증식을 살펴본 결과, 세포 독성은 나타나지 않았고, 세포증식에도 효과가 없었다. 케라틴 펩타이드를 함유한 헤어 샴푸, 헤어 에센스를 제조하여 인체 첩포 시험을 거쳐 무자극을 확인하였다. 30 명의 건강한 성인 피험자를 대상으로 4 주 동안 샴푸 및 에센스를 2 그룹으로 나누어 사용한 결과, 육안평가에서 윤기, 탈모, 두피 트러블, 푸석거림에서 통계적으로 유의한 긍정적 결과를 나타내었다. 두피 수분량은 샴푸와 에센스 사용 전 대비 2, 4 주 후에 통계적으로 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. 두피에 대한 경피수분손실양은 에센스를 사용한 그룹에서 사용 전 대비 4주 후에 통계적으로 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 두피 피지량 역시, 에센스를 사용한 그룹에서 사용 전 대비 4 주 후에 통계적으로 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 정상 모발, 손상 모발을 이용한 헤어 샴푸와 에센스의 사용 전후의 빗질에 의한 마찰력을 측정한 결과, 사용 전 대비 모두 통계적으로 유의한 변화를 나타내었다. 정상 모발의 경우, 사용 전보다 빗질의 마찰력이 증가하였고, 손상 모발의 경우 사용 전보다 빗질의 마찰력이 감소하였다. 이를 통해 케라틴 펩타이드는 모발 및 두피 관련한 제품에 사용할 수 있는 원료로 확인하였다.