• Title/Summary/Keyword: Cell throughput

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Single-Cell Toolkits Opening a New Era for Cell Engineering

  • Lee, Sean;Kim, Jireh;Park, Jong-Eun
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.127-135
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    • 2021
  • Since the introduction of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) as a high-throughput mRNA expression analysis tool, this procedure has been increasingly implemented to identify cell-level transcriptome changes in a myriad of model systems. However, early methods processed cell samples in bulk, and therefore the unique transcriptomic patterns of individual cells would be lost due to data averaging. Nonetheless, the recent and continuous development of new single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) toolkits has enabled researchers to compare transcriptomes at a single-cell resolution, thus facilitating the analysis of individual cellular features and a deeper understanding of cellular functions. Nonetheless, the rapid evolution of high throughput single-cell "omics" tools has created the need for effective hypothesis verification strategies. Particularly, this issue could be addressed by coupling cell engineering techniques with single-cell sequencing. This approach has been successfully employed to gain further insights into disease pathogenesis and the dynamics of differentiation trajectories. Therefore, this review will discuss the current status of cell engineering toolkits and their contributions to single-cell and genome-wide data collection and analyses.

Research on Per-cell Codebook based Channel Quantization for CoMP Transmission

  • Hu, Zhirui;Feng, Chunyan;Zhang, Tiankui;Gao, Qiubin;Sun, Shaohui
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.8 no.6
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    • pp.1828-1847
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    • 2014
  • Coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission has been regarded as a potential technology for LTE-Advanced. In frequency division duplexing systems, channel quantization is applied for reporting channel state information (CSI). Considering the dynamic number of cooperation base stations (BSs), asymmetry feature of CoMP channels and high searching complexity, simply increasing the size of the codebook used in traditional multiple antenna systems to quantize the global CSI of CoMP systems directly is infeasible. Per-cell codebook based channel quantization to quantize local CSI for each BS separately is an effective method. In this paper, the theoretical upper bounds of system throughput are derived for two codeword selection schemes, independent codeword selection (ICS) and joint codeword selection (JCS), respectively. The feedback overhead and selection complexity of these two schemes are analyzed. In the simulation, the system throughput of ICS and JCS is compared. Both analysis and simulation results show that JCS has a better tradeoff between system throughput and feedback overhead. The ICS has obvious advantage in complexity, but it needs additional phase information (PI) feedback for obtaining the approximate system throughput with JCS. Under the same number of feedback bits constraint, allocating the number of bits for channel direction information (CDI) and PI quantization can increase the system throughput, but ICS is still inferior to JCS. Based on theoretical analysis and simulation results, some recommendations are given with regard to the application of each scheme respectively.

Optimal Carrier Loading for the Enhancement of Visual Quality over OFDMA Cellular Networks (무선 셀룰러 네트워크에서 다층 코딩을 이용하여 비디오 화질을 향상하기 위한 자원할당 기법 연구)

  • Jang, Uk;Lee, Hyung-Keuk;Lee, Sang-Hoon
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2008.06a
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    • pp.247-248
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    • 2008
  • A recent dynamic increase in demand for wireless multimedia services has greatly accelerated the research on dynamic channel adaptation of high quality video applications. In this paper, we explore a theoretical approach to cross-layer optimization between multimedia and wireless networks by means of a quality criterion termed "visual throughput" for downlink video transmission using a layered coding algorithm. We obtain the optimal loading ratio of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) subcarriers through an optimization problem balancing the trade-off relationship between inter-cell interference (ICI) and channel throughput. In the simulation, we show that the visual throughput gain at the cell boundary is increased by about 32%.

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Implementation of the Estimation of EV-DO Forward Link Average Throughput based on Service Area Coverage (EV-DO 하향링크 커버리지 기반 섹터별 평균 Throughput 계산 기법 구현)

  • Lee, Oh-Yong;Jung, Hyun-Meen;Lee, Seong-Choon
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2008.06a
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    • pp.349-350
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    • 2008
  • Average throughput estimation of EV-DO forward link is implemented on the basis of the serving coverage area per sector instead of time consuming and complicated Monte Carlo simulation. For the implementation of this analysis function in cell planning tool, $CellTREK^{(R)}$, developed by KT, both SNR vs. DRC mapping table and receiver sensitivity are suggested as the satisfying criteria to be satisfied above each threshold level simultaneously.

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Channel State-Aware Joint Dynamic Cell Coordination Scheme using Adaptive Modulation and Variable Reuse Factor in OFDMA (OFDMA 하향링크에서 적응적 변조와 여러 개의 재사용 지수를 동시에 사용하고 채널 상태를 고려한 동적 셀 코디네이션)

  • Byun, Dae-Wook;Ki, Young-Min;Kim, Dong-Ku
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.32 no.1A
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    • pp.24-33
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    • 2007
  • In this paper, two different dynamic cell coordination strategies for frequency flat and selective fading are proposed for efficient subcarrier allocation in the joint consideration of adaptive modulation and variable frequency reuse in the channel-aware OFDMA downlink multicellular environment. Compared to a conventional OFDMA system without cell coordination, where system throughput may become degraded due to the persistent interference from other cells, the proposed system dynamically allows RNC to apply different reuse factors on each subchannel and scheduling in consideration of channel and interference conditions of individual users so as to increase the system throughput and guarantee QoS of each user. In a frequency flat fading, the dynamic scheme with the proposed scheduling achieves on average three times larger throughput than the conventional dynamic scheme [8]. In a selective fading channel, the proposed schemes showed 2.6 times as large throughput as that of a single reuse factor of one for all subchannels.

Spectrum Reuse with Power Control for Two-Tier Femtocell Networks

  • Kim, Youngju;Wang, Hano;Hong, Daesik
    • IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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    • v.3 no.5
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    • pp.275-284
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    • 2014
  • This paper considers two-tier networks consisting of macrocells and femtocells operating in the same spectrum. This paper proposes a femtocell spectrum reuse scheme that determines the shared spectrum and transmit power for the femtocells to mitigate the effects of cross-tier interference between the macrocells and femtocells. The proposed scheme provides macrocell throughput that is unaffected by the increasing number of femtocells per cell site and improves the femtocell signal quality at the same time by limiting the cross-tier interference. This study analyzed the per-tier signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) and outage probability of the proposed scheme to investigate the macrocell and femtocell performance. The total throughput of the proposed scheme was analyzed based on the outage probabilities. The analysis and numerical results proved that high femtocell throughput can be achieved using only a small fraction of the spectrum while protecting the macrocell throughput. As a result, an improved total throughput was achieved enforcing higher spatial reuse.

Dynamic Resource Allocation of Random Access for MTC Devices

  • Lee, Sung-Hyung;Jung, So-Yi;Kim, Jae-Hyun
    • ETRI Journal
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    • v.39 no.4
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    • pp.546-557
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    • 2017
  • In a long term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) system, the traffic overload of machine type communication devices is a challenge because too many devices attempt to access a base station (BS) simultaneously in a short period of time. We discuss the challenge of the gap between the theoretical maximum throughput and the actual throughput. A gap occurs when the BS cannot change the number of preambles for a random access channel (RACH) until multiple numbers of RACHs are completed. In addition, a preamble partition approach is proposed in this paper that uses two groups of preambles to reduce this gap. A performance evaluation shows that the proposed approach increases the average throughput. For 100,000 devices in a cell, the throughput is increased by 29.7% to 114.4% and 23.0% to 91.3% with uniform and Beta-distributed arrivals of devices, respectively.

Effective Frequency Reuse Scheme for OFDMA Cellular Multihop Networks for Improving Cell Throughput with Low Outage Ratio (OFDMA 셀룰러 다중홉 네트워크에서 셀 용량을 증가시키는 효율적인 주파수 재활용 방법)

  • Lim, Sung-Gook;Jeon, Hahn-Earl;Lee, Jai-Yong
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.35 no.12A
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    • pp.1198-1206
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    • 2010
  • Recently smart phone and tablet PC are regarded as the most valuable mobile devices, so the demand of customers for multimedia supporting has been greatly increased. The network operators are now considering the deployment of relay stations ensuring low installation costs for its service cell to improve the cell capacity. Enhancing the relay stations, however, increases intra-cell interference, which is affecting the quality of service and outage ratio. In this paper, we present MPFR(Multihop Partial Frequency reuse) as the new frequency reuse scheme to increase cell throughput while maintaining low outage ratio for the OFDMA cellular multihop networks. Dynamic power control is also introduced to improve cell capacity. Overall cell throughput and outage ratio are observed by the simulation, and comparison between MPFR and conventional multihop frequency reuse schemes is convincing the performance enhancement.

An Efficient Cell Control Scheme for Internet Traffic Service in PNNI Networks (PNNI 망에서 인터넷 트래픽 서비스를 위한 효율적 셀 제어 기법)

  • Kim Byun-Gon
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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    • v.41 no.12
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    • pp.15-21
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    • 2004
  • The Guaranteed Bandwidth Rate scheme has been designed to accomodate non-real-time applications, such as Internet based traffic in Pm networks. The Guaranteed Bandwidth Rate scheme not only guarantees a minimum throughput at the frame level, but also supports a fair share of available resources. In this paper, we propose a cell control algorithm which can improve the fairness and the throughput through the traffic control in PM networks. For the evaluation of the proposed scheme, we compare proposed scheme with the existing scheme in the fairness and the throughput. Simulation results show that proposed scheme can improve the fairness and throughput than the existing scheme.

An Efficient Parallelized Algorithm of SEED Block Cipher on Cell BE (CELL 프로세서를 이용한 SEED 블록 암호화 알고리즘의 효율적인 병렬화 기법)

  • Kim, Deok-Ho;Yi, Jae-Young;Ro, Won-Woo
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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    • v.17A no.6
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    • pp.275-280
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    • 2010
  • In this paper, we discuss and propose an efficiently parallelized block cipher algorithm on the CELL BE processor. With considering the heterogeneous feature of the CELL BE architecture, we apply different encoding/decoding methods to PPE and SPE and improve the throughput. Our implementation was fully tested, with execution results showing achievement of high throughput, capable of supporting as high network speed as 2.59 Gbps. Compared to various parallel implementations on multi-core systems, our approach provides speedup of 1.34 in terms of encoding/decoding speed.