• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.181-193
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• 1995

Cuticle micromorphology of four families of Korean gymnosperms, Cycadaceae, Ginkgoaceae, Taxaceae, and Cephalotaxaceae, were studied with scanning electron microscopy. The outer and inner features of abaxial and adaxial cuticles were described in details; the absent or present of Florin ring, orifice, trichome, and plug and their shape, the shape and periclinal and anticlinal wall sculpture of epidermal cells, the shape of cuticular flange of epidermal cell, guard cell, and subsidiary cell, the number of stomatal bands and rows, and stomatal apparatus including the shape of polar extension, number of subsidiary cells, the sculpture of guard cell and subsidiary cell. Most of these features have not been sufficiently substantiated by the previous reprots. Furthermore, all the species investigated showed distinctive cuticle morphology with morphological and taxonomical informations.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.43-46
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• 2009

The immunosuppressive properties of flavonoids were examined for the first time by testing their effects on T-cell-mediated antibody production, using a classical plague-forming cell (PFC) assay in mice. Among the tested flavonoids including naringenin, chrysin, flavonol, galangin, quercetin, morin, myricetin and biochanin A, only quercetin, orally administered at 25 mg/kg, significantly inhibited the number of IgMproducing PFCs induced by sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Interestingly, biochanin A (isoflavone) increased the number of PFCs, suggesting an immunostimulatory effect. The other flavonoids tested did not inhibit or enhance PFC response significantly. Quercetin was also found to show thymus atrophy dose-dependently at 5-500 mg/kg. All these results indicate that quercetin inhibits in vivo antibody production probably by inhibiting T-cell function.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2000

Mucosal mast cell (MMC) responses and worm recovery rates in rats infected with Echinostona hortense were investigated from day 3 to day 56 post-infection (p.i.). Experimental infected group showed apparently higher number of MMC in each part of the small intestine than that of the control group. The number of MMC in the duodenum increased gradually after the infection and reached a peak on day 35 p.i. Thereafter, the number of MMC continued to decrease at a slow pace. The kinetics of MMC responses in the upper and lower jejunum were similar to that of the duodenum, but the number of MMC in the jejunum was lower. The worm recovery rate decreased with respect to time of which it was markedly reduced on day 49 and 56 p.i. The duration in which a high number of MMC appeared was similar to that in which a low rate in worm recovery was recorded . These results indicate dlat intestinal mastocytosis may play an important role in the expulsion of 5. hortense.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2003

We studied the effects of hot water extract of Inonotus obliquos mushroom on the proliferation and apoptosis of the human colon adenocarcinoma, HT-29 and the human stomach adenocarcinoma, SNU-484 cell. Cells were maintained with Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium/Ham's F-12 nutrient mixture supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37$^{\circ}C$ in a humidified $CO_2$. For the cell proliferation experiments, cells were seeded in 35 mm dishes, and were treated with the various concentrations of the extract for the different time course. Apoptosis was measured by caspase-3 activity. When we incubated HT-29 cells for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after treatments, the cell proliferation was more suppressed with more treatment time. In case of the human stomach cancer cell, SNU484, the extract significantly decreased the cell number. Thus, the treatment of 1.5 mg/$m\ell$ extract decreased almost half of the cell number. Caspase-3 activity in HT-29 was increased by the treatment of mushroom extracts. In SNU484, caspase-3 activity tended to increase in proportion to the amounts of the extracts and the treatment of Inonotus obliquos affected the activity a lot. Therefore, Inonotus obliquos is suggested for the prevention of gastro-intestinal cancer and strongly recommended for the treatment of stomach cancer. (Korean J Nutrition 36(1) : 18~23, 2003)

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제39A권11호
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• pp.675-681
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• 2014

최근 무선트래픽 수요가 폭발적으로 증가하면서 셀룰라 무선망에서 이를 효율적으로 지원하기 위한 스몰셀 연구가 활발히 수행중이다. 본 논문은 랜덤 엑세스 스몰셀 무선망에서의 간섭제어 기법에 대해 연구하였다. 기존 랜덤 엑세스 망의 경우 셀내의 사용자간 간섭제어에만 초점이 맞춰져 있지만, 스몰셀 환경에서는 셀간의 간섭이 램덤 엑세스 망의 성능을 열화시키는 주요 요인이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 랜덤 엑세스의 확률 특성을 반영한 실시간 기회적 간섭정렬 기법을 제안하였다. 제안기법을 통하여 기존기법 대비 셀수가 증가할수록 또한 셀내의 사용자수가 증가할수록 전송율이 획기적으로 향상됨을 모의실험을 통해 확인하였다.

• Journal of Breast Disease
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2018

Purpose: Dieckol, a phlorotannin compound isolated from Ecklonia cava, has been reported to have antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate its anticancer effects on human breast cancer cell lines. Methods: In this study, the viability of two human breast cancer cell lines SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 was investigated after dieckol treatment using a WST-1 assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were assayed via Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide staining followed by flow cytometric analysis. Immunoblotting analysis was also performed using Bax/Bcl-2 to determine whether the dieckol-induced apoptosis was mediated by the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Results: In a dose dependent manner, dieckol reduced the number of viable cells and increased the number of apoptotic cells. The effect of dieckol on the cell cycle distribution was analyzed using flow cytometry. Dieckol treatment significantly increased the percentage of MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 in the G2/M phase. Immunoblot analysis revealed that 24 hours of dieckol exposure increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Conclusion: Dieckol induced cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cells inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Therefore, it is suggested that dieckol may be a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제50권
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• pp.6.1-6.6
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• 2020

The cerebellum is a region of the brain that plays an important role in motor control. It is classified phylogenetically into archicerebellum, paleocerebellum and neocerebellum. The Purkinje cells are lined in a row called Purkinje cell layer and it has a unique dendritic branches with many spines. The previous study reported that there is a difference of synapse density according to the lobules based on large two-dimensional data. However, recent study with high voltage electron microscopy showed there was no differences in dendritic spine density of the Purkinje cell according to its phylogenetic lobule. We analyzed Purkinje cell density in the II, VI and X lobules by stereological modules and synaptic density was estimated by double disector based on Purkinje cell density in the molecular layer of each lobule. The results showed that there was significant difference in the Purkinje cell density and synapse number according to their phylogenetic lobules. The number of Purkinje cell in a given volume was larger in the archicerebellum, but synapse density was higher in the neocerebellum. These data suggest that cellular and synaptic organization of the Purkinje cell is different according to their phylogenetic background.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.475-482
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• 1997

The antiserum against locustatachykinin I, originally isolated from brain and retrocerebral complex of the locust Locusta migratoria, has been used to investigate changes in number, localization, and structure of locustatachykinin I-immunoreactive (LomTK I-IR) neurons in the brains of the common cutworm, Spodoptera Iitura, during postembryonic development. These neurons are found at larval, pupal, and adult stages. In the larval stages, the first instar larva shows the first appearance of about 8 LomTK I-IR neurons. These neurons gradually increase in number from the second to fourth instar larvae which have the largest number of about 92 in all postembryonic stages. Thereafter, these neurons decrease to about 28 in number in the 5-day-old pupa. However, they begin to rise again from the 7-day-old pupal stage, eventually reaching to about 90 in the l-day-old adult. The developing larval brains contain cell bodies of these neurons in most neuromeres. After the metamorphosis of larva to pupa and adult, localization of these neuronal cell bodies is confined to the specific cerebral neuromeres. The 7-day-old pupal brain shows the location of these neuronal cell bodies in pars intercerebralis, pars lateralis of protocerebrum, deutocerebrum, tritocerebrum, optic lobe-near region, and subesophageal ganglion. In the l-day-old adult, however, the brain has these cell bodies only in some neuromeres of protocerebrum, deutocerebrum, and subesophageal ganglion. Throughout the postembryonic life, changes in structure of these neurons coincide with changes in number and localization of these neurons. These findings suggest that changes in number, localization, and structure of these neurons reflect differentiation of these neurons to adult type.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-arthritis effects of Jeonsaenghwalhyeoltanggamibang(JHTG) on collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) in mice. Methods: To assess the effects of JHTG on CIA in mice, we conducted several experiments such as analysis of arthritis index, cell count of draining lymph node(DLN) and paw joint, measurement of serum antibody levels and observation of the histological changes of joint. Results: 1. JHTG extract had a suppressive effect on the arthritis index of paw joints in CIA mice. 2. JHTG extract increased the total cell number of DLN, and decreased the total cell number of paw joints in CIA mice. 3. JHTG extract increased the absolute number of various cell surface receptors in DLN, and decreased the absolute number of B220+/CD23+ cells in DLN in CIA mice. 4. JHTG extract decreased the absolute number of CD3+, CD4+, CD11b+/Gr-1 cells in paw joint in CIA mice. 5. JHTG extract didn't decrease the absolute number of CD4+/CD25+ cells in paw joints in CIA mice. 6. JHTG extract decreased levels of total IgM in the serum of CIA mice, but had no effect on levels of collagen II specific antibody. 7. JHTG extract decreased the destruction of articular cartilages and collagen fibers and the proliferation of synovial cells in paw joints from CIA mice. Conclusion: These results indicate that JHTG has clinical potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by modulating the immune response.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2009

To evaluate the effect of antioxidant on the cytotoxicity induced by oxidative stress of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured human skin melanocytes, colorimeric assay of XTT and tyrosinase activity assay were adopted after human skin melanocytes were preincubated for 2 hours in the media containing various concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD) before the treatment of hydrogen peroxide. Light microscopic study was carried out in same cultures. The results of this study were as follows 1. Cell viability of human skin melanocytes was significantly decreased by 30 and $40{\mu}M$ of hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$), respectively. 2. XTT50 was determined at $30{\mu}M$ after human skin melanocytes were treated with $10{\sim}40{\mu}M$ of hydrogen peroxide for 6 hours. 3. The cell viability of cultured human skin melanocytes pretreated with SOD was increased than that of cultured human skin melanocytes treated with $H_2O_2$ dose-dependently. 4. In tyrosinase activity of human skin melanocytes, the cell treated with SOD showed brown stain compared with $H_2O_2$ treated cells, dark stain. 5. In light microscopy, cultured human skin melanocytes exposed to $H_2O_2$ showed morphological changes such as the decreased cell number and cytoplasmic processes, compared with control. 6. In light microscopy, cultured human skin melanocytes pretreated with SOD showed the increase of cell number and cytoplasmic processes compared with $H_2O_2-treated$ group. From these results, it is suggested that oxidative stress of ROS such as $H_2O_2$ has cytotoxicity by showing the decreased cell viability, the increased tyrosinase activity and mophological changes of the decreased cell number and cytoplasmic processes. While, antioxidant like SOD was effective in the prevention of oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity by the increased cell viability, decreased tyrosinase activity and the protection of degenerative morphological changes in cultured human skin melanocytes.