• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.58-61
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• 1995

Instead of using CCl$_4$CCl$_2$F$_2$ gases, we used a alternative reaction gas of CFCs which we have developed, for the experiment of laser induced dry etching of laser induced dry etching of GaAs, and compared with the etch profile of a usual reation gas. Laser powers(power density) on the sample surface were varied from 100 mW(12.7 MW/$\textrm{cm}^2$) to 210mW(27 MW/$\textrm{cm}^2$) The laser beam was scanned over the sample by moving the cell with a speed raging from 8.3$\mu\textrm{m}$/sec and the gas pressure also was varied form 260 Torr to 760 Torr, High etching rates up to 136 $\mu\textrm{m}$/sec and an aspect ratio of 2.6 have been achieved by single scan of laser beam. The chemical compositions of the reaction products deposited on the etched groove were measured by Auger electron spectroscopy(AES) Etch profiles, including depth and width were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.63-78
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• 2009

Objective: The purpose of experimental study was to prove the effects of Boyangmakseong-bang (BYMSB) treatment on cBSA-induced in a MN mouse model. Methods: We divided mice into 4 groups. The Normal group had no treatment. We used cBSA and induced MN mouse model to the other 3 groups. The Control group was treated with cBSA (9mg/kg i.p) only. The second group, named 'BY-250', was treated with cBSA (9mg/kg i.p) and BYMSB extract (250mg/kg, p.o). The third group, named 'BY-500', was treated with cBSA (9mg/kg i.p) and BYMSB extract (500mg/kg, p.o). After cBSA and BYMSB extract treatment for 4 weeks, the increase in percentage of body weight, proteinuria, serum albumin, total cholesterol, creatinine and BUN of all groups were measured. The CD3+, CD19+, CD4+, CD8+ cell levels of spleen of all groups were analyzed. IgA, IgG, IgM, IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ levels of all groups were gauged. H&E staining, immunofluorescence staining and electron microscopy of kidney were observed. Results: BYMSB showed significant decrease in the 24hrs proteinuria, serum total cholesterol, serum IgG levels and BUN levels, and showed significant increase in the serum albumin levels compared with the control group. BYMSB showed increase in the increasing percentage of body weight and IFN-${\gamma}$ levels compared with the control. BYMSB showed decrease in the CD3+ T cells, CD4+ Th cells, IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 levels, but did not show significant change compared with the control. BYMSB showed considerable decrease in the thickening of the GBM on H&E staining, deposition of IgG on immunofluorescence staining and deposition of electron-density on electron microscopy of kidney compared with the control. Conclusions: According to the above results, it is suggested that BYMSB decreases the symptoms of MN induced by cBSA in a mouse model. Therefore BYMSB seems to be applicable to MN in clinical practice.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.221-227
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• 2004

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), particularly the highly selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors have been shown to decrease the growth of tumor, in part, by inhibition of neovascularization. Recently, besides mature endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been shown to contribute neovascularization in angiogenic tissues. In this study, we addressed a question whether nimesulide, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, could affect differentiation of EPCs into adhesive endothelial cells in vitro. Total mononuclear cells were isolated from cord blood by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, and then the cells were incubated with nimesulide or vehicle control for 7 days. The number of adherent and spindle-shaped cells decreased by nimesulide treatment in a concentration-dependent fashion at a concentration range of 5 - 200 ${\mu}M$. Moreover, the adherent cells double positive for DiI-ac-LDL uptake and lectin binding significantly decreased upon nimesulide treatment. There was no change of expression of CD31 between treatment and control groups, whereas slight reduction was detected upon treatment in expression of VE-cadherin, ICAM-1, vWF, ${\alpha}v$, and ${\alpha}5$. Nimesulide also reduced cell viability during first 3 days' culture and induced apoptosis in adherent EPCs, resulting in increased annexin-V-positive and propidium iodide-negative cells. Taken together, these results suggest that nimesulide could be applied for the inhibition of new vessel formation, in part, by inhibiting differentiation and survival of EPCs.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.1 s.145
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• pp.131-139
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• 2007

From the course of screening of useful enzyme producing microorganism from insect guts, we isolated 9 lipase producing strains and their lipase producing activities were tested. 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that they were Gram negative bacteria grouped on Serratia sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Burkholderia sp.. Among them, an excellent lipase producing strain, Burkholderia sp. HY-10 identified by 16S rDNA analysis and biochemical methods, was further studied its lipase producing characteristics. It was isolated from a longcorm beetle, Prionus insularis and showed cell density dependent lipase producing activity in the culture media that contained olive oil as a carbon source. Maximum lipase production was achieved in the M9 media containing 0.5% yeast extract and 0.5% olive oil when cultured at $30^{\circ}C$ for 36-42 hrs.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.693-703
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• 2003

The present study evaluated the effects of guided tissue regeneration using xenograft material(deproteinated bovine bone powder), with and without Calcium sulfate membrane in beagle dogs. Contralateral fenestration defects (6 ${\times}$ 4 mm) were created 4 mm apical to the buccal alveolar crest of maxillary premolar teeth in 5 beagle dogs. Deproteinated bovine bone powders were implanted into fenestration defect and one randomly covered Calcium sulfate membrane (experimental group). Calcium sulfate membrane was used to provide GTR. Tissue blocks including defects with soft tissues which were harvested following four & eight weeks healing interval, prepared for histo-phathologic analysis. The results of this study were as follows, 1. In control group, at 4 weeks after surgery, new bony trabecular contacted with interstitial tissue and osteocytes lie cell were arranged in new bony trabecule. Bony lamellation was not observed. 2. In control group , at 8 weeks after surgery, scar-like interstitial tissue was filled defect and bony trabecule form lamellation. New bony trabecular was contacted with interstitial tissue but defect was not filled yet. 3. In experimental group, at 4 weeks after surgery, new bony trabecular partially recovered around damaged bone. But new bony trabecule was observed as irregularity and lower density. 4. In experimental group, at 8 weeks after surgery, lamella bone trabecular developed around bone cavity and damaged tissue was replaced with dense interstitial tissue. In conclusion, new bone formation regenerated more in experimental than control groups and there was seen observe more regular bony trabecular in experimental than control groups at 4 weeks after surgery. In control group, at 8 weeks after surgery, the defects was filled with scar-like interstitial tissue but, in experimental group, the defects was connected with new bone. Therefore xenograft material had osteoconduction but could not fill the defects. We thought that the effective regeneration of periodontal tissue, could be achieved using GTR with Calcium sulfate membrane.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.162-167
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• 2005

Using Pechini method, we synthesized the $La_{0.6}Ca_{0.41}CrO_3$ (LCC41) and $La_{0.8}Sr_{0.05}Ca_{0.15}CrO_3$ (LSCC) powders for slurry dip coating, and $La_{0.75}Ca_{0.27}CrO_3$ (LCC27) powder for air plasma spray coating. The sintering property of the powders and their coating properties were investigated. The average particle sizes of the LCC41, LSCC, LCC27 were 0.6, 0.9, $1.5{\mu}m$, respectively. The relative density of LCC41 bulk was to be found about 98%. The LSCC coating on anode support prevented Ca migration of the coated LCC41 on the anode some or less, which was confirmed from EDS result. The air plasma spray-coated LCC27 with the dip-coated LCC41 were more dense and showed better electrical conductivity than those of the air plasma spray-coated LCC27 and the dip-coated LSCC and LSCC41. The LCC41 and LCC27 showed good electrical conductivities, but the LSCC had a poor electrical conductivity probably due to low sinterability

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.34-40
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• 2017

Electric double layer capacitors (EDLC: electric double layer capacitors) have drew attention as an energy storage device for the next generation because of their outstanding power capability and durability. But their usage is somewhat limited due to low energy density over secondary batteries. One of methods to improve the energy of EDLC is expanding the voltage window of cell operation by increasing the charge cut-off voltage. In this study, $SBP-BF_4$ (spirobipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate), $TEA-BF_4$ (tetraethylammonium tetraflouroborate) and $EMI-BF_4$ (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) in AN (acetonitrile) were selected to evaluate the possibility of application at high voltage environment. The LSV (linear sweep voltammetry) measurements showed that the 1.5M SBP-BF4/AN electrolyte was stable over a wide potential window and showed the best electrochemical performance compared to other combinations of electrolytes at high voltage environments (over 3.0 V). Furthermore, TMSP (tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite) was applied to 1.5M SBP-BF4/AN in order to maintain stable performance at high voltage for the long period of time. The electrolyte with TMSP additive showed the capacity retention of 93% after 10,000 cycles at 3.3 V.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.187-198
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• 2013

In this study, we measured the morphometric and histological changes in the cyprinid loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, during the early period of growth. Eyes, yolk length, yolk height, and yolk volume of the larva decreased for 16 days post hatching (DPH) (P<0.05). During 60 DPH (P>0.05), the most anterior extension of the head ${\times}$ the posterior end of the supraoccipital, the most anterior extension of the head ${\times}$ the origin of the dorsal fin, the most anterior extension of the head ${\times}$ the origin of the pectoral fin, the posterior end of the supraoccipital ${\times}$ the origin of the pelvic fin, and the origin of the dorsal fin ${\times}$ the ventral origin of the caudal fin gradually decreased, whereas the most anterior extension of the head ${\times}$ the dorsal origin of the caudal fin, the origin of the dorsal fin ${\times}$ the origin of the anal fin, the origin of the dorsal fin ${\times}$ the origin of the pectoral fin, and the insertion of the dorsal fin ${\times}$ the origin of the pelvic fin gradually increased (P<0.05). In the cyprinid loach, the retina is composed of six layers: the epithelial layer, ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer, inner plexiform layer, outer limiting membrane, and rod and cone layer (RCL). After hatching, part of the RCL gradually increased in density. The kidney and midgut epithelium were already formed in the cyprinid loach just after hatching and grew gradually in subsequent days.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.329-339
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• 2012

In the spring (March to June) in 2010, one diatom Skeletonema costatum occurred outbreaks in Lake Hwajinpo, one of the typical lagoons on the east coast of South Korea. We compared the characteristics of the phytoplankton community during the bloom and extinction period of S. costatum, and evaluated the water quality based on nutritional indices. Results indicate that 1) this bloom showed the highest cell density ($>10^5$ cells $mL^{-1}$) among outbreaks of S. costatum occurred Korea, 2) occurred in below or over $20^{\circ}C$ water temperature, and 3) was destroyed in the early summer with higher temperature than the bloom period. Water quality or trophic status of the lake was eutrophic to hypertrophic with high salinity, BOD, COD and phosphate, and low N/P ratios and transparency. Phytoplankton community in the spring bloom had a high dominance and low diversity, but rightly recovered to low dominance and high diversity in the summer season. Therefore, we temporarily conclude that the bloom of S. costatum in Hwajinpo was triggered by the extended spring drought and the reduced influx of river water, and appeal that the bloom can happen repeatedly every year.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.266-272
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• 1997

In order to investigate the compression and decompression properties of cucumber, radish, garlic, ginger and potato, edible parts of samples were prepared to size of ${\Phi}\;5\;mm{\times}H\;5\;mm$, and force deformation relationship during application and removal of force were observed. Compositions of sample and cell characteristics were measured, and correlations between them were investigated. Deformation rate was large in initial stage of compression and decreased afterward, but the reverse trends were observed in the decompression. The time and deformation to 9 N were large of 5.30 sec and 1.344 mm in potato, and small of 4.62 sec and 0.896 mm in garlic, respectively. Force(y)-deformation(x) curve between compression and decompression were clearly showed hysteresis loop and relationship of x and y were as follows: y=esp (a+b log(x)). The maximum work was $3.888{\sim}5.099{\times}10^{-3}\;J$ for potato in compression and $2.09{\times}10^{-3}\;J$ for garlic in decompression. Irrecoverable work were large as $77{\sim}96%$ in cucumber, radish and potato, and small as $36{\sim}42%$ in garlic. Compression deformation were large as $1.016{\sim}1.344\;mm$ in potato, and small as $0.656{\sim}0.896\;mm$ in garlic. Degree of elasticity were large as $0.756{\sim}0.777$ in garlic, and small as $0.301{\sim}0.465$ in radish and potato. Compression and decompression characteristic values were showed high correlation with moisture, viscosity of juice, ceil size, density and regularity.