• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.391-391
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• 2011

Crystalline silicon solar cell을 양산에 적용하기 위해 전면 전극의 패턴을 형성하는 방법으로 Ag paste를 이용한 screen printing이 가장 일반적으로 사용된다. 전면 전극의 패턴 형성 시, Finger의 width와 spacing은 Fill factor, JSC, VOC 등 태양전지의 중요 parameter들과 관련되어, 효율에 영향을 미치기 때문에, printing 시 Finger width와 spacing을 최적화하여 최대한의 효율을 내는 조건을 찾는 것이 바람직하다. 본 연구에서는 Finger width를 $30{\mu}m{\sim}100{\mu}m$, spacing을 $1.8{\mu}m{\sim}2.8{\mu}m$ 까지 가변하여 c-Si solar cell을 제작하였으며, 제작된 cell의 LIV를 측정을 통하여, 최적의 효율을 내는 조건을 찾고자 하였다. 그 결과 Finger width $30{\mu}m$, Finger spacing $1.8{\mu}m$의 조건에서 17.12%로 최고의 효율을 나타내었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.1231-1232
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• 2011

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.256-261
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• 2013

The spacing between plug cells and cell volume of each plug cell for nursing tomato seedlings were studied to know the effects on seedling growth and early yield. There were four treatments. The spacing of plug cells was done (OK) or not (NO) in case of cell spacing. The cell number in a plug tray was set to 40 or 50 in case of cell volume. The growth environment and irrigation regime were the same in all of the treatments during the experiment period. The photosynthetic rates, seedling qualities, yield and yield speed were significantly affected by both of the treatments. The photosynthetic rates and seedling qualities were the best in 40S-OK following by 50S-OK, 40S-NO, and 50S-NO while the yield was the best in 40S-OK following by 40S-NO, 50S-OK, 50S-NO. It means the spacing gives more impact than the cell volume in the stage of nursing but the cell volume gives more impact than the spacing after the stage of nursing. In the conclusion the spacing of plug cells in appropriate nursing stage is needed with the appropriate cell volume to make high quality of seedlings and high yield.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.57-64
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• 1997

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2000

A method of two and three dimensional orthogonal grid generation with control of spacing by using the covariant Laplace equation is presented. An important feature of the methodology is its ability to control effectively the grid spacing especially near the boundaries still maintaining good orthogonality in whole field. The method is based on the concept of decomposition of the global transformation into consecutive transformation of an approximate conformal mapping and an auxiliary orthogonal mapping to have linear and uncoupled equations. Control of cell spacing is based on the concept of reference arc length, and orthogonal correction is peformed in the auxiliary domain. It is concluded that the methodology can successfully generate well controlled orthogonal grids around bodies of 2 and 3 dimensional configurations.

• KSCI Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2007

The change of traffic by the CDV is entered in a condensed form in UPC/NPC, overflowing the buffer of the net and possibly causing its congestion. For this reason this paper proposes the Cell Spacing Scheme. As the Cell Spaing Scheme. two method is proposed; RAT based on the time in which cells enter the spacer and RDT based on the time in which cells come out from the spacer. This Paper Proposes the improved spacing sheme in which the departure time of the present cell determines the departure time of the next one, by combining with Leaky Bucket and using the traffic characteristics of ATM network.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.484-487
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• 2005

In order to find out LC cell spacing method suitable for flexible cholesteric LCDs with high mechanical stability, we carried out bending and mechanical shock tests by using various spacing techniques: bead spacer, photo spacer, polymer wall with bead spacer and polymer wall with photo spacer. As a result, it was found that the spacing method using polymer wall incorporated with photo spacer is the best for flexible cholesteric LCDs in terms of mechanical stability. The investigation is discussed in detail.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.13-15
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• 2002

The trench MOSFET structure is characterized by reduced on-resistance due to elimination of $R_{JFET}$ and high packing density. An analytical calculation of Ron as the sum of $R_{ch}$ and $R_{epi}$ has been reported previously for the trench MOSFET structure. However, the accumulation layer resistance may not be neglected for Trench MOSFET especially for a relatively large value of the cell spacing, where a major contribution to Ron comes from Ra as the simulation results in this paper shows.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.209-216
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• 2014

The screen printed technique is one of the electrode forming technologies for crystalline silicon solar cell. It has the advantage that can raise the production efficiency due to simple process. The electrode technology is the core process because the electrode feature is given a substantial factor (for solar cell efficiency). In this paper, we tried to change conditions such as squeegee angle $55{\sim}75^{\circ}$, snap off 0.5~1.75 mm, printing pressure 0.6~0.3 MPa and 1.6~2.0 mm finger spacing. As a result, the screen printing process showed an improved performance with an increased height higher finger height. Optimization of fabrication process has achieved 17.48% efficiency at screen mesh of 1.6 mm finger spacing.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.225-229
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• 2009

The front metal contact is one of the most important element influences in efficiency in the silicon solar cell. First of all selective of the material and formation method is important in metal contacts. Commercial solar cells with screen-printed contacts formed by using Ag paste process is simple relatively and mass production is easy. But it suffer from a low fill factor and a high shading loss because of high contact resistance. Besides Ag paste too expensive. because of depends income. This paper applied for Ni/Cu metallization replace for paste of screen printing front metal contact. Low cost Ni and Cu metal contacts have been formed by using electroless plating and electroplating techniques to replace the screen-printed Ag contacts. Ni has been proposed as a suitable silicide for the salicidation process and is expected to replace conventional silicides. Copper is a promising material for the electrical contacts in solar cells in terms of conductivity and cost. In experiments Ni/Cu metal contact applied same grid formation of screen-printed solar cell. And it has variation of different grid spacing. It was verified that the wide spacing of grid finger could increase the series resistance also the narrow spacing of grid finger also implies a grid with a higher density of grid fingers. Through different grid spacing found alteration of efficiency.