• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2014

Purpose : For non-small cell lung cancer, if the treatment volume is large or the total lung volume is small, and the tumor is located in midline of patient's body, total lung dose tends to increase due to tolerance dose of spinal cord. The purpose of this study is to compare and evaluate the total lung dose of three dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3D CRT), intensity modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT) using restricted angle for non-small cell lung cancer patients. Materials and Methods : The treatment plans for four patients, being treated on TrueBeam STx($Varian^{TM}$, USA) with 10 MV and prescribed dose of 60 Gy in 30 fractions, 3D CRT, restricted angle IMRT and VAMT radiotherapy plans were established. Planning target volume(PTV), dose to total lung and spinal cord were evaluated using the dose volume histogram(DVH). Conformity index(CI), homogeneity index(HI), Paddick's index(PCI) for the PTV, $V_{30}$, $V_{20}$, $V_{10}$, $V_5$, mean dose for total lung and maximum dose for spinal cord was assessed. Results : Average value of CI, HI and PCI for PTV was $0.944{\pm}0.009$, $1.106{\pm}0.027$, $1.084{\pm}0.016$ respectively. $V_{20}$ values from 3D CRT, IMRT and VMAT plans were 30.7%, 20.2% and 21.2% for the first patient, 33.0%, 29.2% and 31.5% for second patient, 51.3%, 34.3% and 36.9% for third patient, finally 56.9%, 33.7% and 40.0% for the last patient. It was noticed that the $V_{20}$ was lowest in the IMRT plan using restricted angle. Maximum dose for spinal cord was evaluated to lower than the tolerance dose. Conclusion : For non-small cell lung cancer, IMRT with restricted angle or VMAT could minimize the lung dose and lower the dose to spinal cord below the tolerance level. Considering PTV coverage and tolerance dose to spinal cord, it was possible to obtain IMRT plan with smaller angle and this could result in lower dose to lung when compared to VMAT.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.9-19
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• 2010

Every car manufacturer desires to reduce the new car development time spent in improving the safety, NVH, lightweight, reliability and environment friendly features of the car. Other considerations such as planning, exterior and interior styling, packaging, color, and material selection increase the complexity of the car design process. This paper proposes a personal DDP (Digital Design Process) to utilize the engineering analysis and design/styling software for car design. DDP can be efficiently used by a team of car research center or a studio with small number of engineers, helping ordinary engineers becoming ambidextrous in design as well as engineering applications. The concept model starts from idea sketch, rendering, and 3D surface model with CAS (Computer Aided Styling) to the final safety estimation by using proposed DDP based on engineering technology (CAD, CAE). The concept model proposed a hydrogen fuel cell sports coupe which could be available within next 10 years. The proposed DDP can not only reduce the new car development time but also be adapted into designing of varied products such as aircraft, yacht, electrical equipment and sports gear.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.27-32
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• 1996

This research is to investigate the reaction kinetics by air-lift bioreactor using calcium hydroxide, the neutralization agent and immobilization media, for removing ethylene glycol remained after chemical pretreatment. It was found that the optimum hydraulic retention time was obtained as 24.2hours at the optimum F/M ratio of 1.32kg-$TCOD_{Mn}$/day.kg-MLVSS, and then, infiuent $TCOD_{Mn}$ and MLVSS concentration were 3,290mg/l and 2,472mg/l, respectively. During the steady state, the kinetics constants such as maximum specific substrate removal rate, half saturation velocity coefficient, yield coefficient and endogenous respiration coefficient were estimated in the base of $TCOD_{Mn}$ as substrate concentration. And they were 1.47day$^{-1}$, 3.95mg/l, 0.391 and 0.092day$^{-1}$, respectively. And also, the oxgen use coefficients for cell synthesis, a', and energy of maintenance, b', were obtained as 0.4kg-O$_{2}$/kg-$TCOD_{Mn}$ and 0.056day$^{-1}$, at the steady state by the experimental result of oxygen uptake rate.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.297-303
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• 1991

Subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis is characterized by cervical lymphadenpathy in young patients and mistaken for malignant disease both clinically and histologically. Microscopically, there is a varying degree of effacement of the lymph node architecture and necrosis with an infiltrate of histiocytic cells and absence of polymorphs. We have experienced 4 cases of cervical lymphadenopathy accompanied by fever. All cases had complete recovery to conservative treatment only. The excised lymph nodes were moderately enlarged and typically showed varying degree of necrotizing lesions, and abundant karyorrhectic debris, scattered fibrin deposits, aggregates of large mononuclear cells, and a paucity of plasma cell and neutrophils. For investigating the etiology and pathogenesis of this lesion, further clinical study and stepwise pathologic and immunologic planning would be valuable.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2004

Molecular imaging is a rapidly growing field due to the advances in molecular biology and imaging technologies. With the introduction of imaging reporter genes into the cell, diverse cellular processes can be monitored, quantified and imaged non-invasively in vivo. These precesses include the gene expression, protein-protein interactions, signal transduction pathways, and monitoring of cells such as cancer cells, immune cells, and stem cells. In the near future, molecular imaging analysis will allow us to observe the incipience and progression of the disease. These will make us easier to give a diagnosis in the early stage of intractable diseases such as canter, neuro-degenerative disease, and immunological disorders. Additionally, molecular imaging method will be a valuable tool for the real-time evaluation of cells in molecular biology and the basic biological studies. As newer and more powerful molecular imaging tools become available, it will be necessary to corporate clinicians, molecular biologists and biochemists for the planning, interpretation, and application of these techniques to their fullest potential. in order for such a multidisciplinary team to be effective, it is essential that a common understanding of basic biochemical and molecular biologic techniques is achieved. Basic molecular techniques for molecular imaging methods are presented in this paper.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.204-208
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• 1995

The cytologic findings of endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary are reported. The cytologic preperations were obtained from ascitic specimens. The findings on Papanicolaou-stained smears included a clean background and poorly preserved atypical cells loosely arranged in irregular or papillary groups. At high magnification, the cells had ill-defined and microvacuolated cytoplasms, with an increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and prominent nucleoli. Hyaline globules characteristic of the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-synthesizing cells of endodermal sinus tumor were observed within the cells with periodic-acid-Schiff(PAS) stain. The presence of PAS-positive hyaline globules can be regarded, therefore, as a diagnostic clue to endodermal sinus tumor in an appropriate clinical setting and in the presence of AFP production. The cytologic findings in a cell block is important, in addition to smears, to obtain more diagnostic clues. A preliminary cytomorphologic diagnosis of this highly malignant tumor is valuable as a guide in planning further immunocytochemical and serologic studies.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.289-298
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• 2020

As part of the research program "2018 Rapid screening and identification of freshwater microorganisms using MALDI-TOF/MS library" freshwater samples were collected from a branch of the Nakdong River. Almost 300 antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains were isolated from freshwater samples and subsequently identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Seventeen strains among the isolates shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>99.0%) with known species that were not previously recorded in Korea, and each of the isolates also formed a robust phylogenetic clade with the closest species. These species were phylogenetically diverse, belonging to four phyla, seven classes, 10 orders, and 13 genera. At the genus and class level, the previously unrecorded species belonged to Rhodovarius, Xanthobacter, and Shinella of the class Alphaproteobacteria; Ottowia, Simplicispira, and Zoogloea of Betaproteobacteria; Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Shewanella of Gammaproteobacteria; Arcobacter of Epsilonproteobacteria; Sphingobacterium of Sphingobacteriia; Trichococcus of Bacilli; and Leucobacter of Actinobacteria. The previously unrecorded species were further characterized by examining their gram-staining, colony and cell morphology, biochemical properties, and phylogenetic position.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.220-227
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• 2014

The GacS/GacA system in the root colonizer Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 is a key regulator of many traits relevant to the biocontrol function of this bacterium. Proteomic analysis revealed 12 proteins were down-regulated in a gacS mutant of P. chlororaphis O6. These GacS-regulated proteins functioned in combating oxidative stress, cell signaling, biosynthesis of secondary metabolism, and secretion. The extent of regulation was shown by real-time RT-PCR to vary between the genes. Mutants of P. chlororaphis O6 were generated in two GacS-regulated genes, trpE, encoding a protein involved in tryptophan synthesis, and prnA, required for conversion of tryptophan to the antimicrobial compound, pyrrolitrin. Failure of the trpE mutant to induce systemic resistance in tobacco against a foliar pathogen causing soft rot, Pectobacterium carotovorum SCCI, correlated with reduced colonization of root surfaces implying an inadequate supply of tryptophan to support growth. Although colonization was not affected by mutation in the prnA gene, induction of systemic resistance was reduced, suggesting that pyrrolnitrin was an activator of plant resistance as well as an antifungal agent. Study of mutants in the other GacS-regulated proteins will indicate further the features required for biocontrol-activity in this rhizobacterium.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.85-88
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• 1999

Neurinoma originates from any nerve covered with a Schwann cell sheath and can occur in any cranial, sympathetic, or peripheral nerve. Hypoglossal neurinomas are rare and most of them are intracranial, but they may extend extracranially. Most intracranial neurinoma arise from the sensory division of cranial nerve but a motor nerve such as hypoglossal nerve is rarely involved. Although the typical sign of hypoglossal neurinoma is ipsilateral hemiatrophy of the tongue, it is easily overlooked. For the diagnosis of hypoglossal nerve tumor, CT scanning with contrast enhancement and MRI should be included, and they are greatly aids in planning the radical removal of the tumor. We experienced a case of intracranial hypoglossal neurinoma with extracranial extension in a 43-year-old woman. The patient showed otherwise unremarkable except 4 months history of right infraauricular mass and right tongue hemiatrophy. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for local diagnosis was valuable and we could remove the mass by one stage operation via suboccipital transcervical approach.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.2154-2172
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• 2013

A centralized cognitive radio (CR) network is proposed and its system capacity is studied. The CR network is designed with power control and multi-user scheduling schemes to support best-effort traffics under peak interference power constraints. We provide an analytical framework to quantify its system capacity, taking into account various key factors such as interference constraints, density of primary users, cell radius, the number of CR users, and propagations effects. Furthermore, closed-form formulas are derived for its capacities when only path loss is considered in the channel model. Semi-analytical expressions for the capacities are also given when more realistic channel models that include path loss, shadowing, and small-scale fading are used. The accuracy of the proposed analytical framework is validated by Monte Carlo simulations. Illustrated with a practical example, the provided analytical framework is shown to be useful for the strategic planning of centralized CR networks.