• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.691-698
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin E on the cadmium accumulation in body, cadmium excretion and detoxification functions in chronic cadmium poisoned rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10 g were randomly assigned to one normal group and three cadmium poisoned groups. Cadmium poisoned groups were classified to vitamin E free diet (Cd-0E group), vitamin E 40 mg/kg diet (Cd-400E group) and 400 mg/kg diet (Cd-400E group) according to the levels of vitamin E supplement. Animals were maintained on 0, 40 mg and 400 mg vitamin E/kg diets for 20 weeks and simultaneously administered 50 ppm Cd$^{2+}$ dissolved in the drinking water. Body weight, food intakes and food efficiency ratio were significantly decreased in all cadmium groups, compared with those of normal group. The accumulation of cadmium in rat liver, kidney and blood was reduced by sufficient vitamin E supplementation. The metallothionein (MT) content in liver and kidney were increased in all cadmium groups compared with that of normal group. The ratio of cadmium absorption and retention were significantly decreased in vitamin E supplementation groups. Accordingly, vitamin E supplementation resulted in an excretion of cadmium in urine and feces and a lowered accumulation of cadmium in liver and kidney. It can be suggested that increased MT synthesis lead to the significant decrease in cadmium absorption and retention ratios.s.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E on antioxidative defense system of liver in acute cadmium poisoned rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10gm were randomly assigned to one control and three cadmium injected groups. Cadmium injected groups were fed vitamin E free diet(OE-Cd group), 40mg vitamin E per kg diet(40E-Cd group) or 400 mg vitamin E per kg diet(400E-Cd group). Vitamin E level of normal group was 40mg per kg diet. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with 2.0mg Cd$^2$$\^$+//kg bw for 4 days after the rats were fed diets with three different levels of vitamin E for 2 and 4weeks. Activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSHPx) and glutathione S-transferase(GST) were decreased in cadmium injected groups but those were significantly improved by dietary vitamin I supplementations. Vitamin E contents reduced glutathione(GSH) in the live were decreased in cadmium injected groups, but we., not significantly different among three groups with different levels of vitamin E supplementations. Contents of liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) of 0E-Cd group were higher than those of 400E-Cd and 400E-Cd groups, but those were markedly alleviated according to vitamin E supplementations. These results indicate that cadmium poisoning in rats causes decreasing antioxidative defense system and increasing peroxidative damage in liver, however can be restored by vitamin E supplements. (Korean J Nutrition 33 (1) : 33-41, 2000)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1007-1017
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• 1994

In order to investigate the effect of Korean green tea, oolong tea and black tea beverage on the antioxidative detoxification in cadmium(Cd) poisoned rat liver, male Sprague-Dawley rat weighing 143$\pm$3.2g were divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental groups were fed standard diet containing 40ppm Cd and were given distilled water(CD), 5% black tea(BT), oolong tea(OT) and green tea(GT), respectively. Tea beverages were extracted from 5G dry leaves of teas in 100ml hot distilled water by the treatment at 85$^{\circ}C$ for 3 min. Liver xanthine oxidase(XOD) activity was increased by the administration of Cd except GT group. Liver superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-px), glutathione S-transferase(GST) activities were decreased by te administration of Cd but did not decreased by the administration of green tea(in GT group). Vitamin E and reduced glutathione contents were significantly decreased in Cd administered groups. Liver lipid peroxide value in Cd administered groups were increased compared to control group, but was not increased in GT group. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) activities in CD, OT, BT groups were higher than control, but that in GT group was similar to control group. Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) activity was not significantly different among various groups. It was concluded that green tea might alleviate peroxidative damage in Cd-administered rat liver by reinforcing antioxidative detoxification system.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.384-392
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea catechin on the cadmium accumulation in body, cadmium excretion and detoxification functions in chronic cadmium poisoned rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to one normal group and three cadmium poisoned groups. Cadmium groups were classified to catechin free diet (Cd-0C group), 0.25% catechin diet(Cd-0.25C group) and 0.5% catechin diet(Cd-0.5C group) according to the levels of catechin supplement. Animals were maintained on 0, 0.25 and 0.5% catechin diets for 20 weeks and simultaneously administered 50ppm Cd(sup)2+ dissolved in the drinking water. Body weight, food intakes and food efficiency ratio in Cd-0C group was lower than the normal group. The accumulation of cadmium in rat liver, kidney, and blood was reduced by catechin supplementation. The excretion of cadmium in urine and feces was increased by catechin supplementation. The metallothionein(MT) contents in liver and kidney were increased in all cadmium groups compared with that of normal group. The ratios of cadmium absorption and retention ratios were significantly decreased in catechin supplementation groups. Accordingly, catechin supplementation resulted to an excretion of cadmium in urine and feces and a lowered accumulation of cadmium in liver and kidney by increasing methallothionein synthesis that led to the significant decrease in cadmium absorption and retention ratios.(Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 384~392, 2001)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 1985

It was aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism which is elevated the systemic arterial blood pressure by cadmium(Cd). By using the isolated vas deferens and tail artery from Cd-poisoned rats, it was undertaken to see whether the ${\alpha}-adrenoceptor$ activity and prostaglandins action on the twitch response to electrical stimulation were altered. It was discussed in relation with sympathetic nerve activity. The response to electrical stimulation in vas deferens from Cd-poisoned rats was much enhanced, and frequency 50(Freq.50) was significantly lowered, comparing to control. However, the response of rat tail artery was attenuated by Cd. Inhibitory action of clonidine on the twitch response of vas deferens to electrical stimulation was decreased by Cd-poisoning. However, the increase in response in the presence of methoxamine was not affected. The inhibitory action of prostaglandin $E_2$ on the twitch response in the vas deferens but not in the tail artery was abolished or rather inverted by Cd-poisoning. In the tail artery from Cd-poisoned rats, the maximum contraction to methoxamine or clonidine was significantly decreased, however, $ED_{50}$ of both agonists was not changed. These results suggest that in vas deferens the autoreceptor of presynaptic membrane is inhibited by Cd-poisoning, by which mechanism the sympathetic activity is being enhanced and this alteration may be causally related to the elevation of arterial pressure.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.141-146
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• 2004

This paper reports on Pb and Cd concentrations in the tissues of 76 individuals of 16 rare bird species found dead across Korea. In most of species, Pb concentration was higher in kidney and bone than in liver. The range of the mean liver Pb was 0.47 (Cygnus cygnus)∼3.74 ㎍/wet g (Asio flammeus). Based on hepatic Pb concentrations, 39 (51.3%) of the 76 individuals were classifed as background level (〈2㎍/wet g), 35 (46.1%) were elevated level (〉2㎍/wet g) and 2 (2.6%) were poisoned level (〉10㎍/wet g). These results were indicated many rare birds were suffered from chronic Pb exposure. Cd concentration was generally higher in kidney than in liver and bone. The range of the mean kidney Cd was 0.06 (Bubo bubo)∼l.75㎍/wet g (falco subbuteo). Only one of the 76 individuals had elevated Cd concentration (〉2.7㎍/wet g) in kidney. These results indicated most of rare birds had low Cd accumulations.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.1 s.34
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• pp.41-46
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• 1984

Cadmium (Cd) was administered by a series of weekly intraperitoneal injections at dose of 2mg/kg in rabbits and rats. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and thromboxane $B^2(TXB_2)$ in platelet-rich plasma from Cd-poisoned animals were significantly higher than those of the control group. Furthermore, the inhibition of 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$, production in Cd-treated aorta ring was inversely related to the enhancement of platelet aggregation. These results suggest that Cd not only inhibits prostacyclin synthesis in the arterial endothelium, but also stimulates the platelet aggregation by enhancing thromboxane AZ production. These findings are assumed to support the evidence of an effect of Cd toxicity on the vascular wall and platelet function in raising arteriall pressure.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2008

We studied concentrations of trace elements such as iron, zinc, copper, lead and cadmium in three shorebird species from Saemankeum mudflat, Korea$(1999{\sim}2000)$, and also analysed correlations between elements in livers. Iron(ANOVA, p=0.018), copper(ANOVA, p=0.043), lead(ANOVA, p=<0.001) and cadmium (ANOVA, p=0.016) concentrations significantly differed among shorebird species, but zinc concentrations wasn't different among species. We suggested that iron, zinc, and copper concentrations were within a range for normal and are maintained by normal homeostatic mechanisms for wild birds. Lead concentrations in Great Knots Calidris tenuirostris$(5.76{\pm}2.14{\mu}g/dry\;g)$ were at the background level but Red-necked Stints Calidris ruficollis$(29.4{\pm}10.6{\mu}g/dry\;g)$ and Terek Sandpipers Xenus sinereus$(15.9{\pm}11.9{\mu}g/dry\;g)$ were within the exposed level for wild birds. In particular, Red-necked Stints were nearly poisoned level. Cadmium concentrations in Terek Sandpipers and Great Knots were at the background concentration, but Red-necked Stints were greater than the poisoned level$(3{\mu}g/dry\;g)$. We found significantly correlations between lead and cadmium concentrations, but other elements didn't find.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.133-137
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of chlorella diet supplementation. Blood accumulation and urine excretion levels were measured after the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed on a chlorella diet supplementation mixed with 40 ppm of CdCl$_2$. Four groups tested for blood accumulation and urine excretion levels. All four groups fed on a basic diet with a cadmium mixture. The diet for the first group contained only basic diet and the cadmium added to the drinking water. The diet for the three other groups contained cadmium to the drinking water, and 1%, 5% and 10% of chlorella added to the basic diet. A concentration of cadmium for the first group showed a 3.2$\pm$0.4 $\mu\textrm{g}$/I blood accumulation level and 41.5$\pm$32.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l urinary excretion level, and the second group, which was fed on the basic diet with 1% of chlorella added and cadmium to the drinking water showed a $1.5\pm$0.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l blood level and only l4.l$\pm$1.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l urinary excretion level. The other two groups, which were fed on 5% and 10% of chlorella concentration and cadmium to the drinking water did not exhibit any notable effects greater than the group fed on 1% concentration of chlorella. The results suggest that the blood accumulation and urinary excretion of Cadmium are influenced by the chlorella diet supplementation from the concentration of 1% of the basic diet.