• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 2016

In this study, nine heavy metals were analyzed in seaweeds collected from market and laver culture farm of Korea and a food safety assessment were also carried out for these heavy metals. The level of heavy metal concentrations in seaweeds was in the following order: Fe>As>Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb>Cr>Ni>Hg. Except for zinc and cadmium, seven heavy metals were significantly higher in cultured laver than in processed laver. Significant correlation was observed Cr-Fe in cultured laver and Cu-Zn, Cd-Cu, Cd-Zn and Pb-Ni in processed laver and Cu-Cr, Cu-Zn, Cd-Cr and Ni-Fe in sea tangle and Zn-Fe, Cr-Fe, Cr-Zn, Cd-Ni, Cu-Cd and Cu-Pb in processed sea mustard. Considering differences in heavy metal concentration between processed laver and cultured laver and in correlation among heavy metals, removal efficiency of heavy metals may be attributed to seaweed treatment process. The average weekly intakes of Cu, Cd, Zn, Fe and Hg via seaweeds consumption were about 0.1~7.6% of PTWI (Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes). Therefore, it was found that heavy metals in the seaweeds were very safe for consumption.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.535-541
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• 2005

Peat humin(p-Humin) extracted from Canadian Sphagnum peat moss was packed in a column and removal of heavy metal ions such as Cd, Cu and Pb from aqueous solution under flow conditions was studied. The metal ions were removed not only from single-element solutions but also from a multi-metal solution. Column kinetics for metal removal were described by the Thomas model. For single-component metal solutions, the maximum adsorption capacities of the p-Humin for Pb, Cu and Cd were 138.8, 44.66 and 41.61 mg/g, respectively. The results of multi-component competitive adsorption showed that adsorption affinity was in the order of Pb $\gg$ Cu > Cd. The adsorbed metal ions were easily deserted from the p-Humin with 0.05 N $HNO_3$ solution. It is apparent that 95% of the heavy metal ions were recovered from the saturated column. This investigation provides possibility to clean up heavy-metal contaminated waste waters by using the natural biomass, p-Humin as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective new biosorbents.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 2000

The hydroxyapatite (HAp) for the present study was prepared by precipitation method in semiconductor fabrication and the crystallized at ambient to 95$0^{\circ}C$ for 30min in electric furnace. The ion-exchange characteristics of HAp for various heavy metal ions such as $Cd^{2+}, Cu^{2+}, Mn^{2+}, Zn^{2+}, Fe^{2+}, Pb^{2+}, Al^{3+}, and Cr^{6+}$ in aqueous solution has been investigated. The removal ratio of various metal ions for HAp were investigated with regard to reaction time, concentration of standard solution, amount of HAp and pH of solution. The order of the ions exchanged amount was as follws: $Pb^{2+}, Fe^{3+}>Cu^{2+}>Zn^{2+}>Al^{3+}>Cd^{2+}>Mn^{2+}>Cr^{6+}. The Pb^{2+}$ ion was readily removed by the Hap, even in the strongly acidic region. The maximum amount of the ion-exchange equilibrium for $Pb^{2+}$ ion was about 45 mg/gram of HAp. The HAp would seem to be possible agent for the removal of heavy metal ions in waste water by recycling of waste sludge in semiconductor fabrication.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 2010

The removal of phosphorus (P) in the wastewater is essential for the prevention of eutrophication in the river and stream. This study was initiated to evaluate the effect of the various heavy metals on the growth and P removal capacity of Pseudomonas sp., which was well known as phosphorus accumulating microorganism(PAO's) in the EBPR(Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal) process. The five heavy metals used in the study were Cu, As, Zn, Ni, and Cd. The growth rate of Pseudomonas sp. was the greatest at $25^{\circ}C$, but the removal efficiency of P was the highest at $30^{\circ}C$. The $IC_{50}$ (median Inhibition Concentration) values of Pseudomonas sp. for the Cu, As, Zn, Ni, and Cd were 2.35, 11.04, 1.80, 4.92, and 0.24 mg/L, respectively. Therefore, it appears that the sensitivity of the heavy metals to Pseudomonas sp. was in the following order: Cd> Zn> Cu> Ni> AS. Also, the P removal efficiencies by Pseudomonas sp. were correspondingly decreased as the concentrations of heavy metals were increased.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.35-49
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• 2018

This study was initiated to quantitatively evaluate the effects of five heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni) on growth and P removal efficiencies of Pseudomonastaeanensis, known as the phosphorus accumulating microorganism. The heavy metals were added individually and with the binary mixture to the batch culturing system of Pseudomonastaeanensis. $IC_{50}$ and $EC_{50}$ were used to quantitatively evaluate their effects on the growth and phosphorus removal efficiency of Pseudomonas taeanensis in those treatments. Additionally, additive index value method was used to evaluate the interactive effects of heavy metals for Pseudomonas taeanensis in this study. As those heavy metals were singly added to Pseudomonastaeanensis, the greatest inhibitory effect on its growth and P removal efficiency was observed in Cd, whereas, the smallest effect was found in Ni. As the concentrations of all heavy metals added were gradually increased, its growth and P removal efficiency was correspondingly decreased. Specifically, $IC_{50}$ of Pseudomonas taeanensis for Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni were $0.44mg\;L^{-1}$, $5.12mg\;L^{-1}$, $7.46mg\;L^{-1}$, $8.37mg\;L^{-1}$ and $14.56mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. The P removal efficiency of Pseudomonas taeanensis was 81.1%. $EC_{50}$ values of Pseudomonas taeanensis for Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni were $0.44mg\;L^{-1}$, $4.08mg\;L^{-1}$, $7.17mg\;L^{-1}$, $8.90mg\;L^{-1}$ and $11.26mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. In the binary treatments of heavy metals, the lowest $IC_{50}$ and $EC_{50}$ were found in the Cd + Cu treatment, whereas, the highest $IC_{50}$ and $EC_{50}$ were found in the Zn + Pb and Pb + Ni treatments, respectively. Most of the interactive effects for the binary mixture treatments of heavy metals were antagonistic. Based on the results obtained from this study, it appears that they could provide the basic information about the toxic effects of the respective individual and binary treatments of heavy metals on the growth and P removal efficiency of other phosphorus accumulating organisms.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.5-9
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• 2007

This study carried out to investigate the removal capacity of heavy metals such as Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) dissolved in aqueous solution in the soils collected from Hyeon-Dong (HD), San-seong (SS), Keum-chon (KC) and Keum-Hac (KH) located in the upper Banbyun stream. The pH of all the soils was weak alkali such as 8.8 9.2. According to the analysis of chemical composition of the soils, the amount of $SiO_2$, $AlO_2$ and CaO were similar in all tested soils. However, the amount of $K_2O$, $FeO_3$ and MgO were different from each soil. The XRD measurement with these soils showed that quartz and feldspar were presented in all tested soils, and the distribution of kaoline, illite, montmorillonite, vermiculite and calcite were different from each soil. The results of the removal capacity of heavy metals indicated that all the soils had more than 98% of the removal efficiency of Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II), and among the heavy metals, Cu (II) was removed the most effectively. These results suggested that the soils collected from the upper Banbyun stream have the high removal capacity of heavy metals, and these soils could be used for the banking a river around the abandoned mine area, containing the higher concentrations of heavy metals than the usual stream.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.504-508
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• 1998

Experimental investigation on the adsorption of heavy metal confounds as $Fe^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$, $Pb^{2+}$, $Cd^{2+}$, $Cr^{6+}$ using chitosan was carried out. The adsorption of each component of heavy metal compounds was measured by Atomic Absorption apparatus. The range of optimum pH for the removal rates of heavy metal compounds was found pH 7.0~9.0. The maximum time for the removal rate of $Fe^{2+}$ was observed about 15 min. The maximum time for the removal raters of $Cu^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$, $Pb^{2+}$, $Cd^{2+}$, and $Cr^{6+}$ was observed about 25 min. The adsorption rates of heavy metal compounds by chitosan have been found in the order of $Fe^{2+}>Cu^{2+}>Mn^{2+}>Zn^{2+}>Ni^{2+}>Pb^{2+}>Cd^{2+}>Cr^{6+}$.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.945-956
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• 2021

In this study, the effects of single and binary heavy metals toxicity on the growth and phosphorus removal ability of Bacillus sp.. known as be a phosphorus-removing microorganism, were quantitatively evaluated. Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni were used as heavy metals. As a result of analysis of variance of the half of inhibition concentration and half of effective concentration for each single heavy metal treatment group, the inhibitory effect on the growth of Bacillus sp. was Ni < Pb < Zn < Cu < Cd. And the inhibitory effect on phosphorus removal by Bacillus sp. was Ni < Pb < Zn < Cu < Cd. When analyzing the correlation between growth inhibition and phosphorus removal efficiency of a single heavy metal treatment group, a negative correlation was found (R² = 0.815), and a positive correlation was found when the correlation between IC₅₀ and EC₅₀ was analyzed (R² = 0.959). In all binary heavy metal treatment groups, the interaction was an antagonistic effect when evaluated using the additive toxicity index method. This paper is considered to be basic data on the toxic effects of heavy metals when phosphorus is removed using phosphorus removal microorganisms in wastewater.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.116-121
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• 1997

Pilot wetland reactor systems to test acid mine drainage treatment efficiencies for metals were designed and operated at the Dalsung mine and surveyed the operating problems. pH and Eh (redox potential) were measured in situ and anayses of Cd, Pb, As, Zn, Cu, Fe, Al and Mn were carried out in the laboratory. Maximum metal removal efficiencies of the reactor containing the rice stalks, the cow manure and limestones were that Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd, Al, Mn and Pb were lowered by 98%, 100%, 99%, 100%, 97%, 61% and 100%, respectively and at that time the pH and Eh of the effluents from the reactor were 6 and about -300 mV. However, the redox potential was raised and removal of metal elements except aluminium was decreased with operation time. It suggests that the reduced condition is very important for the metal removal. During the operation, problems such as scaling in pipes and volume change of the substrate within the reactor occurred, which were preventing the flow of main drainage in pipes and reactor.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.53-59
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• 2014

In this study, the sewage sludge dryer is installed before and after dehydration of the sludge and aqueous phase composition, the heavy metal content, and measurement and analysis were investigated. The removal efficiency of water content of sewage sludge was about 95.7% in the sewage sludge dryer. The removal efficiency of water content for primary dryer was designed for 35% of primary drying, secondary drying to remove the water content to 10%, but as the measurement revealed that 20.8% of primary drying, the second dryer 3.3% a better effect to the actual operation respectively. Before the installation of the sewage sludge dryer, the content of heavy metal was as follows, Cu:352~614 ppm, Hg: 1.3~1.44ppm, Cd : 1.1~1.86ppm, Pb : 17.25~ 28.93 ppm, As : 1ppm. And after the installation of the sewage sludge dryer, the content of heavy metal changed to as follows, Cu : 340~350 ppm, Hg : 0 ppm, Cd : 0~0.021 ppm, Pb : 0 ppm, As : 0~0.043 ppm which is Also below the legal limits. Also, the sewage sludge dryer produce 1/4 of the sewage sludge into dried sludge.