• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.3
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• pp.374-384
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• 2022

There is an increasing demand for Tetradium daniellii seedlings due to their uses as alternative energy, for ecological restoration, and as a honey plant. This study was conducted to determine the optimum container for superior seedling production of T. daniellii. Experiments were performed using five plastic container types (500, 350, 320, 300, and 250 ml) for forestry facility cultivation. The height and root collar diameter growth of T. daniellii seedlings were significantly high in the 350-ml container. High growth appeared primarily in the container with a larger cavity volume and lower growing density. Root development was most active in full sunlight. The maximum dry matter production was observed in the 350-ml container, which was similar to the results of height and root collar diameter growth. QI, an index showing the quality of a seedling, was maximum at 0.97 in the 350-ml container. In conclusion, the 350-ml container is optimum for superior seedling production of T. daniellii.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.111-119
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• 1992

The study examined the difference of the physique, the physical strength, and the physical constitution between meal and non-meal service schools at the countryside, and concluded as follows: 1) The effects on the physical development Meal service school student's height was 0.41~2.38cm taller, weight 0.21~1.58kg heavier, and the chests 0.15~2.55cm bigger than the non-meal service school students. Therefore, the effects of the school meal service on the student's physique development proved positive. 2) The effects on the physical strength Today, the student's physical growth is reinforced by consuming high calorie food, while their physical exercise is decreased. As a result, obesity becomes another problem. In this respect, physical strength is a significant factor in judging the physical condition of the students. This study compared the meal service schools with the non-meal service schools by suing six items of the physical strength test those schools. In comparison, the meal service school students were better than the others in most items except in the eleven year old girl's 100 meter running and the ball throwing, and the ten year old boy's 600meter running. It means that school meal service affects the physical growth in a positive manner. 3) The effects on the physical constitution The students in their growing period should have their meals not only balanced, but regularly since this helps to maintain their health. Insufficient nutrition may disturb the balanced physical growth of cause a weak or powerless physical constitution. As shown at the table 6, meal service school students who had a balanced meal have 0.01% lower incidence of disease. and 3.11~7.32% less myophia than the other. The average 0.39 to 0.63 cavity of the meal service school students also show that their constitutions are better than the non-meal service ones. In conclusion, the school meal service program gives every student a regular nutritious meal which results in a balanced physical growth. Erentually, the healthier students could be the healthier social menbers which promise a brighter society in the future.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.307-314
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• 2005

After dental implant are planted into their bony site among the various growth factors associated with bone formation. BMP is expressed in the bone surrounding the implant fixture. By taking a close look at BMP2, BMP4 which are growth factors that take put in bone formation, its histologic features and radiographic bone healing patterns we would like to examine the mechanism of osseointegration. We randomly used 8 male and female house rabbit amd used diameter 5 mm height spiral shaped implants(Ostem, Korea) for animal use handled as a resorbable blast machined(RBM) surface and machined surface. 2group were formed and each group had RBM surface and machined surface implant or a simple bone cavity. After 3, 7, 14 and 28 days post surgery 2 objects were sacrificed from each group and histologic specimens were acquired. RT-PCR analysis was conducted and after H&E staining the extent of osseointegration was measured applying a histologic feature and histomorphometric analysis program. Quanitity one -4.41(Bio-Rad, USA) was used after scanning the PCR product image of the growth factors manifested in each group. According to the histomorphometric features the RBM, Machined surface group showed increased contact between bone and implant surface at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after surgery. The BMP2 level increased in both experiment groups but remained unchanged in the contrast group. BMP4 levels stayed steady after the early post implantation period for RBM but showed decreased in the machined surface group and contrast group. The amount of contact between bone and implant surface increased with the passage of time. BMP2, BMP4 were expressed in both experimental group and contrast group. These growth factors play a role in osseointegration of implant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.03b
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• pp.173-182
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• 2000

To find axial and lateral responses of impact-driven H piles in embankment(SM), the H piles are instrumented with electric strain gages, dynamic load test is performed during driving, and then the damage of strain gages is checked simultaneously. Axially and laterally static load tests are performed on the same piles after one to nine days as well. Then load-settlement behavior is measured. Furthermore, to find the set-up effect in H pile, No. 4, 16, 26, and R6 piles are restriked about 1, 2, and 14 days after driving. As results, ram height and pile capacity obtained from impact driving control method become 80cm and 210.3∼242.3ton, respectively. At 15 days after driving, allowable bearing capacity by CAPWAP analysis, which 2.5 of the factor of safety is applied for ultimate bearing capacity, increases 10.8%. Ultimate bearing capacity obtained from axially static load test is 306∼338ton. This capacity is 68.5∼75.7% at yield force of pile material and is 4∼4.5 times of design load. Allowable bearing capacity using 2 of the factor of safety is 153∼169ton. Initial stiffness response of the pile is 27.5ton/mm. As the lateral load increases, the horizontal load-settlement behaves linearly to which the lateral load reaches up to 17ton. This reason is filled with sand in the cavity formed between flange and web during pile driving. As the result of reading with electric strain gages, flange material of pile is yielded at 19ton in horizontal load. Thus allowable load of this pile material is 9.5ton when the factor of safety is 2.0. Allowable lateral displacement of this pile corresponding to this load is 23∼36mm in embankment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.326-332
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• 1978

There appears some conduction defects frequently after total correction of Tetralogy of Fallot. Common defect is right bundle branch block due to surgical intervention. We experienced complete A-V block which occured 3 months later after total correction of Tetralogy of Fallot in a 8 year old boy. The patient was completely free of any A-V block after the operation for 3 months, and sudden onset of A-V block with coupled premature ventricular contractions resulted him in shock state during the attack of severe bronchopneumonia for 4 days prior to the second visit. Emergency implantation of Cordis demand type temporary pacemaker was necessary to control the complete heart block with bradyarrhythmia and frequent ventricular fibrillation. Permanent cardiac pacemaker was implanted two weeks later as indicated with Cordis Stanicor lambda demand pacemaker, and the patient was discharged uneventfully on the 8th post implantation day with the heart rate of 72/min. Another 3 months after the implantation, the patient was transported to this hospital as dead on arrival after an accidental fall from a 2 meter height, and all possible cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed for 60 minutes at the emergency room in vain. Autopsy was done to find out the cause of sudden death and the etiology of complete heart block. Microscopic focal infarctions with scar formation were noted along the course of conduction system in the interventricular septum, which might be the main cause of complete heart block during the attack of severe bronchopneumonia complicated with acute bacterial endocarditis. The tip of the pacemaker wire was slipped from the granulation scar at the apex of the right ventricular cavity, and this might be the direct cause of pacing failure and death.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.26-31
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• 2005

In this paper, a small BPF(band pass filter) is designed using new probe type for wireless communication system. The dielectric resonator is used high Q ceramics for low loss characteristic. In order to provide a band pass filter which can be reduced in dimension, can be reduced in height, and can be surface-mounted. The filter was fabricated using $TE_{01{\delta}}$ mode dielectric resonator. The input/output probes are attached to coner portion of the rectangular metal cavity. Results of the manufactured filter($12{\times}12{\times}8[mm]$) show that the center frequency is 9.95358[GHz], the insertion loss is -1.9[dB], the 3[dB]_bandwidth is 14.9[MHz], and the loaf Q is 664.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.159-163
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• 2005

This experimental study was performed to investigate internal flow and unsteady flow characteristics using a model for actual shape of a plate heat exchanger and visualization of flow through the particle image velocimetry. Seven Reynolds numbers were selected by calculation with the height of grooved channel and sectional mean velocity of inlet flow in the experiment, and instantaneous velocity distributions and flow characteristics were experimently investigated. The triangular grooved channel had a compound flow consisting of the flow in lower channel and the groove flow receiving shear stress by the channel flow in the experiment. The sheared mixing layer, in the boundary between the triangular groove and the channel, affected main flow to raise turbulent in the channel.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.335-340
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• 2017

PURPOSE. Bacterial adhesion on provisional crown materials retained for a long time can influence the duration for which permanent prosthetic restorations can be healthily worn in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to compare seven different commonly used provisional crown materials with regard to Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans surface adhesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS. For each group, twenty specimens of the provisional fixed prosthodontic materials TemDent ($Sch{\ddot{u}}tz$), Imident (Imicryl), Tab 2000 (Kerr), Structur Premium (Voco), Systemp (Ivoclar Vivadent), Acrytemp (Zhermack), and Takilon-BBF (Takilon) were prepared (diameter, 10.0 mm; height, 2.0 mm). Surface roughness was assessed by atomic force microscopy. Each group was then divided into 2 subgroups (n=10) according to the microbial suspensions used: S. mutans and C. albicans. The specimens were incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ with S. mutans or C. albicans for seven days. Bacterial adherence on surfaces was assessed using the 2,3-bis[2-methyloxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) assay. RESULTS. S. mutans showed maximum adhesion to Structur, followed by Systemp, Acrytemp, Takilon, Tab 2000, Imident, and TemDent (P<.05). The highest vital C. albicans adhesion was noted on Takilon, followed by Imident and Tab 2000; the lowest adhesion was noted on Systemp (P<.05). CONCLUSION. The materials showed significant differences in the degree of bacterial adhesion. C. albicans showed higher surface adhesion than S. mutans on provisional crown and fixed partial denture denture materials.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.261-265
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• 2006

A vertebral compression fracture can cause chronic back pain, and may also result in progressive kyphosis. The traditional treatments of a vertebral compression fracture include bed rest, analgesics and bracing. Balloon kyphoplasty can restore the vertebral height and allow safe bone cement injection into the cavity made by the balloon, which significantly reduces the risk of cement leakage compared to vertebroplasty. An 82-year-old female patient suffered from severe low back pain. Due to the intractable pain and immobility, which could not be relieved by conventional care, as well as the empty vertebral body associated with communicated fractures of the vertebral surfaces, balloon kyphoplasty, with a thicker bone cement injection than usual with balloon kyphoplasty, was chosen. The preoperative intractable pain and immobility were dramatically relieved soon after the procedure, without any complications.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.207-214
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• 1979

This 3-year-old girl was observed frequent exertional dyspnea and cyanosis at crying since birth. She was not premature baby and delivered at full term normally. On physical examination, she was underdeveloped-body weight 13.5 kg, height 99 cm.- and cyanotic. There was severe clubbing on fingers. There was grade II/VI ejection systolic murmur on left lateral border of the sternum. The preoperative examinations [EKG, echocardiogram, cardiac catheterization and biventriculogram] showed that complicated T.G.A. combined vena cava[S.D.D.]. Preoperatively, we decided the corrective surgery of Rastelli operation using a. pulmonary valved conduit. The operation was performed under total circulatory arrest using deep profound hypothermia combining with extracorporeal circulation. On operation, the anatomy of the heart showed that, 1. The subaortic conus was seen and subaortic muscles were hypertrophied. 2. The VSD[type II], behind the subaortic conus-about 1 cm. in diameter, was visible only through LV cavity and, 3. The pulmonary valve ring was hypoplastic and pulmonary valvular stenosis was seen also. The subpulmonic area [LV outflow tract] was obstructed with hypertrophied muscle and mitral valve. 4. Left superior vena cava was drained to RA via coronary sinus. 5. LAD coronary artery was originated from right coronary artery and ran anterior to the pulmonary artery. According to above anatomy, we performed the VSD closure with Teflon patch, and Mustard operation combined with LV-to-pulmonary artery bypass graft using the valve contained [Hancock 16 mm] conduit. Postoperatively, adequate blood pressure could be maintained under the state of using inotropic agent [epinephrine]. On the second postoperative day, the patient died of cardiac arrest due to low cardiac output syndrome, acute renal failure and pulmonary edema.