• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing properties of the temporary filling materials used in endodontic treatment Access cavities were prepared in 135 extracted human molar teeth. Then, cotton pellets were placed in the pulp chamber until the depth of 5 mm for the temporary filling materials; Caviton, zine oxide-eugenol, double sealing (A) (stopping 15 mm + zinc oxide - eugenol, 3.5mm ) double sealing (B) (stopping 3.0 mm + zinc oxide - eugenol 2.0 mm) and gutta percha stopping. After filling the materials, the teeth were immersed in 1 % methylene blue solutions for 3 days, 1 week and 2 weeks. Then thermal cycling was performed at the temperature of $60^{\circ}C$ and $4^{\circ}C$, followed by longitudinal sections on the center of tooth. Finally, staining on the cotton pellet was evaluated. The following results were obtained. 1. Stopping showed lower marginal sealing quality than Caviton, zinc oxide - eugenol and double sealing. 2. In 1 week group, Caviton showed higher marginal sealing quality than zinc oxide-eugenol, double sealing and stopping. 3. Caviton and double sealing (B) showed a great decrease in marginal sealing quality with the increse of time. 4. Caviton had high marginal sealing quality in 3 day group and 1 week group, but in 2 week group, Caviton showed a great decrease. 5. Double sealing (B) showed fairly high marginal sealing quality in 3 day group, but decreased greatly after 1 week on.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.553-559
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• 2008

The purpose of this research was to compare the microtensile bond strength of resin coated surface and resin inlay according temporary filling materials prior to applying self-adhesive resin cement. Caviton(GC, Japan), Provifil(Promedica, Neumunster, Germany), Provifil(Promedica, Neumunster, Germany) & petrolatum, and Eugenol-based cement, Tembond(Kerr, Orange CA, USA) were used as temporary filling materials. After fabrication of Tescera(Bisco, Schamburg IL, USA), it was bonded with a self-adhesive resin cement, Rely X unicem(3M, St. Paul. Minn, USA). After this procedure, the microtensile bond strength was measured and it was analyzed through one-way ANOVA and Duncan test(p<0.05). Caviton(GC, Tokyo, Japan) showed statistical difference except for the control(group I) and the saliva(group II)(p<0.05). Provifil(group IV), Provifil & petroneum(group V), Tembond(group VI) had lower microtensile bond strength.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.198-203
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare the sealing abilities of four endodontic temporary restorative materials using a methylene blue dye penetration test under dynamic loading. Standardized access cavities were prepared in forty-four intact human permanent molar teeth, and the cavities were restored with Caviton, MD-Temp, IRM, or ZOE. After thermocycling, an intermittent load of 98 N at 1 Hz was applied for 1,000 cycles to the long axis of the functional cusp of each of the teeth, which were immersed in a 1% methylene blue solution. The teeth were split in half, and the linear depth of dye penetration was evaluated according to the criteria. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (p = 0.05) and Duncan's multiple range test. The results demonstrated that Caviton and MD-Temp showed significantly lower microleakage than IRM and ZOE. It was concluded that Caviton and MD-Temp exhibited better sealing ability than IRM and ZOE under dynamic loading.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.198-203
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare the sealing abilities of four endodontic temporary restorative materials using a methylene blue dye penetration test under dynamic loading. Standardized access cavities were prepared in forty-four intact human permanent molar teeth, and the cavities were restored with Caviton, MD-Temp, IRM, or ZOE. After thermocycling, an intermittent load of 98 N at 1 Hz was applied for 1,000 cycles to the long axis of the functional cusp of each of the teeth, which were immersed in a 1% methylene blue solution. The teeth were split in half, and the linear depth of dye penetration was evaluated according to the criteria. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (p = 0.05) and Duncan's multiple range test. The results demonstrated that Caviton and MD-Temp showed significantly lower microleakage than IRM and ZOE. It was concluded that Caviton and MD-Temp exhibited better sealing ability than IRM and ZOE under dynamic loading.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.60-67
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• 2012

Purpose: To test the apical leakage prevention performance of three different materials through protein leakage procedures using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Bradford protein reagent. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 human single-rooted teeth were divided into 4 groups, and conventional root canal filling was done. The root was cut 3 mm from the apex, and a cavity was formed. Proroot MTA (MTA), Fuji II LC (GI), Fuji II LC with XP bond (GIA), and Caviton (CA) were used as experimental materials to fill the cavity in a retrograde filling manner. The extent of BSA leakage was then measured with a ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer 24, 48, and 72 hours after filling. Result: After 24 hours, among the 15 teeth of each group, 2 in MTA, 4 in GI, 3 in GIA, and 7 in CA showed leakage. After 48 hours, 3 in MTA, 5 in GI, 5 in GIA, and 10 in CA had leakage and discoloration. After 72 hours, among the 15 teeth of each group, 3 in MTA, 6 in GI, 5 in GIA, and 10 in CA showed leakage. The leakage in the CA group was greater than that in the MTA group at 48 and 72 hours based on Fisher's exact test (P=0.025), and the difference was statistically significant. Similarly, the leakage in the CA group was greater than that in the MTA group over time based on the Kaplan-Meier survival estimate (P=0.011), and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Glass ionomer, glass ionomer after adhesive application, and MTA all showed leakage. Caviton showed greater leakage compared to MTA 48 and 72 hours after filling, and the difference was statistically significant; thus suggesting that Caviton is not appropriate as retrograde filling material considering its sealing ability.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of 4 temporary materials in teeth with Class II-type endodontic access preparations by using a glucose penetration model. Materials and Methods: Glucose reaction test was performed to rule out the presence of any reaction between glucose and temporary material. Class II-type endodontic access preparations were made in extracted human premolars with a single root (n = 10). Each experimental group was restored with Caviton (GC), Spacer (Vericom), IRM (Dentsply-Caulk), or Fuji II(GC). Microleakage of four materials used as temporary restorative materials was evaluated by using a glucose penetration model. Data were analyzed by the one-way analysis of variance followed by a multiplecomparison Tukey test. The interface between materials and tooth were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: There was no significant reaction between glucose and temporary materials used in this study. Microleakage was significantly lower for Caviton and Spacer than for Fuji II and IRM. SEM observation showed more intimate adaptation of tooth-restoration interfaces in Caviton and Spacer than in IRM and Fuji II. Conclusions: Compared to IRM and Fuji II, Caviton and Spacer can be considered better temporary sealing materials in Class II-type endodontic access cavities.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.151-157
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• 1991

The roles of temporary sealing materials used in endodontics are impotant Especially, its marginal sealing properties affect endodontic success and failure in endodontic treatment The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare and evaluate the marginal sealing properties of various temporary restorative materials used in endodontic access cavity by using electrochemical method. Standard endodontic access cavities were prepared in extracted human molar teeth and filled with Caviton, IRM, zinc oxide - eugenol cement. Each specimen was immersed in 1 % solution of KCl, and applied a potential of 9 V external power supply. Marginal microleakage and water sorption were measured for marginal sealing effect evaluation in comparison with each group. A comparative study of the obtained results have led to the following conclusions. 1. The Caviton group showed lower marginal microleakage value than the zinc oxide - eugenol cement and IRM group the 6 th day after. The IRM group showed lwoer marginal microleakage value than the zinc oxide - eugenol cement group from the 6 th day to the 12 th day. But there was no significant difference between zinc oxide - eugenol cement and IRM group after the 13 th day. 2. As time went by, marginal microleakage value was increased in Caviton, IRM and zine oxide - eugenol cement.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to measure the polymerization shrinkage and hygroscopic expansion of resin-based temporary filling materials and to evaluate microleakage at the interface between the materials and cavity wall. Five resin-based temporary filing materials were investigated: Fermit (Vivadent), Quicks (Dentkist), Provifil (Promedica), Spacer (Vericom), Clip (Voco). Caviton (GC) was also included for comparison. Polymerization shrinkage of five resin-based temporary filling materials was measured using the bonded disc method. For the measurement of hygroscopic expansion, the discs of six cured temporary filling materials were immersed in saline and a LVDT displacement sensor was used to measure the expansion for 7 days. For estimating of microleakage, Class I cavities were prepared on 120 extracted human molars and randomly assigned to 6 groups of 20 each. The cavities in each group were filled with six temporary filling materials. All specimens were submitted to 1000 thermocycles, with temperature varying from $5^{\circ}C/55^{\circ}C$. Microleakage was determined using a dye penetration test. The results were as follows: 1. Fermit had significantly less polymerization shrinkage than the other resin-based temporary fill ing materials. Fermit (0.22%) < Spacer (0.38%) < Quicks (0.64%), Provifil (0.67%), Clip (0.67%) 2. Resin-based temporary filling materials showed 0.43-1.1% expansion in 7 days. 3. Fermit showed the greatest leakage, while Quicks exhibited the least leakage. 4. There are no correlation between polymerization shrinkage or hygroscopic expansion and microleakage of resin-based temporary filling materials.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.17-23
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing properties of endodontic cavity filling materials according to the time intervals after filling. Access cavities were prepared in extracted human premolar or molar teeth and filled with caviton, zinc oxide eugenol cement, zinc oxide eugenol cement with a base of gutta percha stopping and gutta percha stopping. After filling at the intervals of immediate, 2 days and 2 weeks the teeth were immersed for 2 weeks in 1% methylene blue solutions. Longitudinal sections were obtained from approximately center of teeth and the depth of dye penetration into the access cavities were observed by 10${\times}$macrolens. The following results were obtained. I. All the materials experimented showed varying depth of dye penetration. 2. Of the material tested, caviton showed the best marginal sealing qualities regardless of the time intervals after filling and the sealing properties of the gutta percha stopping was the worst. 3. Both in zinc oxide eugenol cement and zinc oxide eugenol cement with a base of gutta percha stopping, the fillings allowed to mature for 2 days in normal saline solution showed the best sealing properties and those with no maturing time revealed the worst sealing qualities. 4. The sealing qualities of zinc oxide eugenol cement with a base of gutta percha stopping revealed slightly lower depth of dye penetration than that of zinc oxide eugenol cements.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.347-361
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• 1997

The present study investigates the effects of DFDB graft combined with Calcium sulfate membrane on the periodontal wound healing in dehiscence defects of dogs. Following the initiation of general anesthesia by I.V. administration of 30mg/kg of pentobarbital, first premolar was extracted and full-thickness flap was elevated from the second to the fourth premolar. The portion of premolars coronal to the alveolar crest was removed and mesial and distal roots separated to produce single rooted teeth. Exposed root canals were sealed with Caviton and covered completely with flaps sutured. Following the healing period of 12 weeks, the surgical sites were uncovered and $4{\times}4mm$ dehiscence defects were surgically created. Those defects with DFDB graft combined with Calcium sulfate membrane following root planing, were designated as test sites and those with flap surgery-only were designated as controls. 1. No foreign-body reaction or inflammation were observed in either groups. Calcium sulfate was completely resorbed in the test sites. 2. Significantly greater amounts of new cementum was observed in test sites compared with the controls. Significant amounts of functionally orientated collagens were observed in the test sites. 3. New bone formation was observed in significantly greater amounts in test sites. The results suggest that combined graft of DFDB and calcium sulfate is extremely biocompatible with a potential for new bone and cementum formation, and functional alignment of periodontal ligaments.