• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.1433-1441
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• 2018

고강도 운동 시 산성화의 과정은 수소이온의 방출과 젖산 나트륨염을 형성하는 젖산의 생산 증가에 따른 것이라 설명되어져 왔다. 이 설명에 의하면, 젖산의 생산 비율이 세포내의 수소이온 완충능력을 초과하였을 때 세포의 수소이온 농도는 증가한다고 한다. 이러한 생화학적 과정을 젖산의 산성화라 한다. 이 이론에 따라 고강도 운동 시 젖산의 생산이 대사적 산성화와 피로의 원인이 되는 것으로 해석되어져 왔다. 그러나, 본 고찰에서는 젖산의 생산이 산성화와 피로의 원인이라는 어떠한 생화학적 근거가 없음을 명확히 제시하고 있다. 오히려 젖산의 생산은 해당과정에서 필요한 $NAD^+$의 지속적인 공급을 위해 필수적이며 수소이온을 소비하는 대사과정이다. 젖산의 축적은 세포와 혈중의 수소이온 농도의 증가를 알려주는 좋은 지표가 될 수는 있지만 그것이 산성화의 직접적인 원인은 아니다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.116-119
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• 2006

Management of chronic wound has been a great problem to many surgeons because the wound is usually associated with an underlying disease of the patient. Without accurate diagnosis and treatment of the disease, the wound can not be healed. Systemic vasculitis is a rare systemic disease which causes inflammation and obstruction of the vessels. This autoimmune disease involves multiple organs and may inflict skin wound spontaneously without traumas. It would improve or aggravate the wound in proportion to the activities of the disease. Our experience is a case of 28-year-old female who has had chronic ulcers on her right foot, especially on the great toe for 1 year. Although she had several operations of sympathectomy, debridement and artificial dermal graft, her wound was not improved. She has been diagnosed as systemic vasculitis during the evaluation for histopathology and cause of fever and pancytopenia. After medical treatments, she had the operation of adipofascial turnover flap coverage and skin graft, and the wound was improved without any complication or relapse. The diagnosis and treatment of the underlying disease should be ahead of the management of chronic wound.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.582-592
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• 2016

Purpose. For more effective hospital management, it analyzes the trend through general characteristics, balance sheet, income statement, and financial ratio analysis, grasps the causes of the problems, and analyzes management of the hospital in order to use the result as baseline data for development of the hospital in the future. Methods. The collected data of 3 years from 2011 to 2013 about 3 tertiary hospitals in metropolitan cities from Alio (provider of public institution information; www.alio.go.kr), Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (www.hira.or.kr), and the website of the Ministry of Health and Welfare (www.mw.go.kr) were analyzed and general characteristics, balance sheet, income statement, and financial ratio, analysis are used as data. Results & Conclusions. From the result of data analysis from 2011 to 2013, general characteristics, balance sheet, income statement, financial ratio analysis, and pie charts could lead to conclusions as follows. In the result of comprehensive analysis, the 3 tertiary hospitals showed increase of fixed expense due to extension of the buildings and so did the scale of fund and asset. Although medical revenue increased, the margin of increase for medical expense was greater than that of medical revenue, which consequently led to loss. In prediction for the 3 tertiary hospitals based on characteristics so far, it is expected to see improved revenue structure after building extension is completed, but it is necessary to exert management effort to maintain its optimal level by enhancement in stability of management and inventory turnover through management of inventories.

• BMB Reports
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• 제45권8호
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• pp.427-432
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• 2012

Primary cilia, single hair-like appendage on the surface of the most mammalian cells, were once considered to be vestigial cellular organelles for a past century because of their tiny structure and unknown function. Although they lack ancestral motility function of cilia or flagella, they share common ground with multiciliated motile cilia and flagella on internal structure such as microtubule based nine outer doublets nucleated from the base of mother centrioles called basal body. Making cilia, ciliogenesis, in cells depends on the cell cycle stage due to reuse of centrioles for cell division forming mitotic spindle pole (M phase) and assembling cilia from basal body (starting G1 phase and maintaining most of interphase). Ciliary assembly required two conflicting processes such as assembly and disassembly and balance between these two processes determines the length of cilia. Both process required highly conserved transport system to supply needed substance to grow tip of cilia and bring ciliary turnover product back to the base of cilia using motor protein, kinesin and dynein, and transport protein complex, IFT particles. Disruption of ciliary structure or function causes multiple human disorder called ciliopathies affecting disease of diverse ciliated tissues ranging from eye, kidney, respiratory tract and brain. Recent explosion of research on the primary cilia and their involvement on animal development and disease attracts scientific interest on how extensively the function of cilia related to specific cell physiology and signaling pathway. In this review, I introduce general features of primary cilia and recent progress in understanding of the ciliary length control and signaling pathways transduced through primary cilia in vertebrates.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.590-600
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• 2003

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes responsible for degrading connective tissue. MMPs catalyze the breakdown of collagen from the extracellular matrix, leading to wrinkle formation and accelerated skin aging. Furthermore, ultraviolet irradiation causes increased expression of certain MMPs. In the extracellular matrix turnover, MMPs are interacting with endogenous regulators named tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Using peptide substrate assays, it has been demonstrated that TIMP-MMP complexes interact highly specifically with $K_{i}$ values of 10$^{-9}$ -10$^{-16}$ M. Therefore applications for TIMP as inhibitor of collagen degradation are suggested for cosmetic anti-aging products to prevent wrinkle formation and loss of elasticity. To date four TIMP proteins (TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3 and TIMP-4) have been identified which show a high degree in sequence similarity. The production of human TIMP-2, a 194-residue nonglycosylated protein, was performed by fed-batch culture of Escherichia coli. TIMP-2 accumulated in the bacterial cells in an insoluble form as inclusion bodies. The inclusion bodies were solubilized and the protein refolded to yield the native TIMP-2 in the active form. The integrity of the protein was confirmed by mass analysis, Edman sequencing and gel shift experiments with authentic samples. The inhibitory activity of the refolded and purified TIMP-2 was demonstrated with MMP-1 and MMP-2 assays using synthetic fluorogenic peptide substrates.s.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.164-172
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• 1996

CREAMS (Circulation Research of the East Asian Marginal Seas) Expeditions have provided a rare opportunity to carry out precise measurements of salinity, temperature and chemical tracers extensively in all major basins of the East Sea (Japan Sea) in 1993-1996 for the first time in more than 60 years since Uda's investigation (Uda, 1934). Studies revealed unequivocal evidence that the East Sea Proper Water (ESPW), previously known as a single homogeneous water mass, is indeed made of several distinct water masses. CREAMS data further confirmed the earlier observations of Gamo et al. (1986) that properties in Deep Waters in the East Sea have been changing during at least the last 25 years. There is evidence, especially from the analysis of the DO profile, that these changes may result from a major change in the mode of deep water formation: from bottom water formation in the past to intermediate/deep water formation in recent years. The causes for these changes are not clear at the present time, but nay include natural variation and may also reflect recent global changes in regional scale. A moving-boundary box model is presented to describe current observations, predicting the turnover time of the total deep and bottom waters to the cold surface waters to be ${\sim}$80 years in 1996.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.187-211
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the personality change of rooks that would possibly result from kitchen environment. It's basically meant to determine the relationship of environment to personality, by investigating how cooks felt about their own personality before and after working as a cook and conducting a self-diagnostic personality test based on theories on kitchen environment and personality. The subjects in this study were the cooks who served af top-rated hotels in Seoul, and the survey was carried out from April 8 through 12, 2002. The collected data were encoded and analyzed with SPSS 10.0 program. To identify the characteristics of the subjects, frequency analysis was implemented, and reliability analysis, T-test and ANOVA were employee. To verify the reliability of the questionnaire items, Cronbach's Alpha that represented internal consistency was calculated, and factor analysis was fulfilled to minimize related variables about cuisine environment and eliminate irrelevant ones. The findings of this study were as below: Out of total 27 cuisine environment variables, 22 ones boiled down to six factors. Factor 1 was conflicts, and factor 2 was job performance. Factor 3 was work, and factor 4 was environment. Factor 5 was facilities, and factor 6 was social. To make better cuisine environment each and every part of kitchen environment that affects cook personality should be improved, and further, what causes employee turnover should be eliminated. In the future, there is a need for broader research effort that could cover more extensive region and a wider variety of subjects other than cooks at the top-rated hotels.

• 산업노동연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.215-245
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 전남지역 대졸 청년여성의 지역노동시장 경험에 대한 세분화된 연구를 통해 청년여성의 지역노동시장정착에 대한 정책적 시사점을 제공하는데 있다. 이를 위해 그동안 구체적인 사례연구가 부족했던 전라남도 대졸 청년여성들을 대상으로 지역노동시장에서의 노동이동경험을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 청년여성들의 노동이동을 경력내 이동과 경력간 이동으로 구분하여 노동이동의 원인을 확인하였다. 사례분석 결과 지역노동시장에 진입은 하였으나 평생경력을 찾지 못한 채 산업과 업종을 변경하면서 일자리를 탐색하는 경력간 이동이 경력내 이동 보다 더 많이 나타났다. 노동이동 원인은 취업준비과정에서의 문제점과 고용조건 및 환경요인으로 구분하였는데 경력간 이동은 경력내 이동에 비해 보다 더 다양한 요인들을 포함했다. 특히 경력간 이동에서는 취업준비과정에서의 문제점이 노동이동의 원인으로 부각되었다. 한편 경력내 이동의 경우 고용기간 만료 등 고용여건 때문에 이직을 하게 되나 이직은 본인들의 기존경력이 유지되는 방식으로 나타났다. 경력내 이동유형의 사례에서는 경력유지에 대한 강한 욕구가 나타났으며 동시에 지역이동의 가능성 역시 높게 나타났다. 사례연구에 기반하여 본 연구에서는 경력매치를 위한 체계적인 진로지도체계 강화와 함께 지속적인 경력개발지원을 위한 경력관리시스템 구축 등을 정책적 과제로 제안하였다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.431-440
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 인공지능 기술 중 구글에서 개발하여 오픈소스로 제공하고 있는 텐서플로우(Tensorflow) 활용하여 신규간호사 이직률을 예측해 보았고, 이를 통해 전략적 인적자원관리 방안을 제시하였다. 부산지역 한 대학병원의 2010년에서 2017년 사이 퇴직한 간호사 데이터 1,018건을 수집하였다. 학습에 사용된 자료는 순서를 임의로 재배열 한 뒤 전체 데이터의 80%를 학습에, 나머지 20%를 테스트에 이용하였다. 활용된 알고리즘은 다중신경망회로(multiple neural network)로서 입력층과 출력층, 3개 층의 은닉층을 가지도록 설계 되었다. 본 연구의 결과 텐서플로우 플랫폼을 활용하여 1년 이내 이직률을 88.7%, 3년 이내 조기 이직률은 79.8%의 정확도로 예측하였고, 대상자들의 퇴직 시 연령은 20대 후반부터 30대에 집중되어 있었다. 가장 높은 빈도를 차지한 이직 사유로는 '결혼, 출산, 육아, 가정 및 개인사정'이었으나, 근무기간 1년 이하 대상자 들의 가장 높은 이직사유는 '업무 부적응 및 대인관계 문제'로 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2014

It has been suggested that transition metal ions such as iron can produce an oxidative injuries to nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, like Parkinson's disease (PD) and subsequent compensative increase of tetrahydrobiopterin ($BH_4$) during the disease progression induces the aggravation of dopaminergic neurodegeneration in striatum. It had been established that the direct administration of $BH_4$ into neuron would induce the neuronal toxicity in vitro. To elucidate a role of $BH_4$ in pathogenesis in the PD in vivo, we assessed the changes of dopamine (DA) and $BH_4$ at striatum in unilateral intranigral iron infused PD rat model. The ipsistriatal DA and $BH_4$ levels were significantly increased at 0.5 to 1 d and were continually depleting during 2 to 7 d after intranigral iron infusion. The turnover rate of $BH_4$ was higher than that of DA in early phase. However, the expression level of GTP-cyclohydrolase I mRNA in striatum was steadily increased after iron administration. These results suggest that the accumulation of intranigral iron leads to generation of oxidative stress which damage to dopaminergic neurons and causes increased release of $BH_4$ in the dopaminergic neuron. The degenerating dopaminergic neurons decrease the synthesis and release of both $BH_4$ and DA in vivo that are relevance to the progression of PD. Based on these data, we propose that the increase of $BH_4$ can deteriorate the disease progression in early phase of PD, and the inhibition of $BH_4$ increase could be a strategy for PD treatment.