• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.81-95
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• 2001

Though, these days there are increasing many patient of insomnia, there was not considered literatual study on insomnia. So, the result of consideration about cause and process of insomnia from thirty kinds of literatures, are as follows. 1. Early literature like Huangjaenankyung(黃帝內經), Sanghanron(傷寒論) reffered to insomnia as accompanying symptom. on the other hand, Myung(明), Chung(淸)'s literatures reffered to that as chief symptom or distinguished chief symptom from accompanying symptom. 2. There were tendency of deductive expanding of various masters and tendency of induction of simple theory that was based on Huangjaenankyung(黃帝內經). 3. Huangjaenankyung(黃帝內經) showed basic process of the sleep disorder that 'exhausting of Yin and excess of Yang (陰盡陽盛)', protecting energy does not invade Yin portion(陽氣不入於陰). And Huangjaenankyung(黃帝內經) showed cause of insomnia that deficiency of vital energy and blood, imbalanced of spleen and stomach, a fever as a invasion in the outside, lung system's disease. This became a basic cause and process of the sleep disorder in ancient period. 4. Sanghanron(傷寒論) occurred to insomnia as accompanying symptom in progress, remedy of a fever invaded outside, Kumkyeyoriak showed as origination in weakness, fatique, various diseases. Out of that, there is a significance in description of insomnia from some disease like histery or neurosis. 5. Jaebyungwonhuron(諸病源候論), Chunkumbang(千金方), Kukbangseo(局方書.) occured to a fire of heart(心慤) and a deficiency of heart and gall bladder(心膽虛) in defails. Insomnia is caused by agony of seven emotion, delivering of a child, are similar to insomnia is caused by psychologic disorders. Injaesanghanyusu(仁劑傷寒類書) occured to exhausting of Yin and excess of Yang (陰盡陽盛), imbalanced of stomach(胃不和) invasion of coldness(傷寒) are brought a conclusion of assumption of sap(津液耗損) brought about unreturn of yin energy. 6. Manbyunghuechum(萬病回春) in Myung period (明代) made much of portion of phlegm's influence about spiritual function. Kyungakjunsu(景岳全書) valued much of treatment divided according to excess and deficiency. Junginmaekchi(證因脈治) occurred to concept of pyorihesil(表裏虛實), Dongyibokam(東醫寶鑑) synthesised various theories. 7. Hyuljungron(血證論), Byunjungkimun(辨證奇聞), Suksilbirok(石室秘錄) made much of surprisemeni(驚恐) Consideration(思慮), liver's dryness(肝燥) is caused by liver's weakness(肝虛), imbalance of haert -kidney(心腎不交), seven emotion(七情). Especially, ftyujungchijae(類證治載) said that heart, liver, gall-bladder, kidney, surprisment, consideration baought to a conclusion of inbalance of Yang and Yin (陽不交陰). There is a tendency in literature mostly that literature showed separation of insomnia as a chief symptom. 8. These days there are increasing many patient of insomnia. So, it is needed to study about insomnia as a psychologic disease. Saying in conclusion, it is needed that we have to recognize in modern style based on ancient style of cause and process of insomnia. It is regarded to study about insomnia definitely and experimently.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-100
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• 2013

Health damages such as pneumoconiosis and kidney damage, caused by environmental hazardous factors are being reported in health impact assessment conducted on environmentally vulnerable areas, including cement factories and refineries. Current legal system for relieving the environmental victims is not effective enough because the environmental health act does not specify the environmental hazardous factors to be considered for the relief. The aim of this study is to examine the problems of the existing system by making empirical analysis on health damages and afflicted people as well as on cases when afflicted people were able to be covered by remedy system. The results show that, insufficiencies of the relief system are due to the following reasons: First, current Environmental Health Act does not act well as a remedy system. Second, due to its unique nature of environmental health damage, it is hard to identify and prove the cause of health damage and unlawful actions of violators in the process of environmental dispute conciliation and lawsuits against polluters. This paper suggests following solutions on above mentioned problems. First, in defining the range and definition of environmental diseases, negative system should be used alongside with the current positive system. Second, we suggest adding the nature of public law to relief system, in order to ease the legal burden of proof. Third, in case when it is hard to identify the polluters and one cannot expect reliefs for their damage, it is possible to elevate the effectiveness of the relief measure by expanding scope of the search for possible environmental hazardous factors that caused the health damage. It is urgent to improve the relief system so as to secure the environmental rights of Koreans.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1005-1026
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• 2010

Here we live in a fast changing world. The information and communication technologies have been surprisingly developing and making progress of our society. One of the benefit about the information and communication technologies is an internet. We can't imagine our life without it and it finally ends up with causing internet addiction which is called side effect of it. Most of former studies were, however, about game addiction and psychological factors of indivisual. In fact, there was not enough studies about internet addiction of computer science gifted students. If we analize the difference between computer science gifted students and average students when it comes to factors of internet addiction, we would surely be able to find out the result which is very helpful for cause analysis and its remedy. This paper examined the risk and protection factors of the former studies and choose various factors through Delphi analysis by specialists of information and science gifted students. Comparative analysis of computer science gifted students and average students was done through the test tools. And picking up unique factors of computer science gifted students, this paper shows the implication that contributes to protection of internet addiction and its remedy.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.85-104
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• 1997

As the concern about health is increased, the importance of preventive medicine that prevent disease in advance to overcome boundary of disease remedy gets emphasized in the whole world. The fundamental thoughts of oriental medicine are the harmony between the human body and nature, the unified idea regarding mind in the same light with body, and the symmetry of the cosmo dual forces. And oriental medicine is a kind of study that has developed on the ground of prevention thought. from old days, it has been developed the preventive medicine at is called 'Yangseng(養生; recuperation)' etc. with the clinical medicine. The preventive medicine of oriental medicine was taking a serious of the first preventive medicine of an incurable disease thought and the prevention thought that belongs to the second and third preventive medicine is described through the whole oriental medicine. Also the clinical and preventive medicine to apply to the clinics have an in- separable relation. Therefore I inspected the part of the preventive medicine described in some oriental medicine books and studied the characteristics of preventive medicine of oriental medicine as follows; First, the preventive medicine of oriental medicine has the characteristics that is emphasized generally in the first preventive medicine and wholly it is composed in the system of the first, second and third preventive medicine. It has the presentative theory such as 'Jungkijonae sabulkaghan(正氣存內 邪不可干; If good energy is in body, a disease. dosen't occur)', 'Husajukpung Phijeyushi(虛邪賊風 避之有時; When e infectious disease like plague break out, they must avoid the place occurring the disease)', 'Chuninsangeung(天人相應; The harmony of nature and human)' etc.. This is intimately related to the incurable disease thought of the inside diameter and oriental medicine has pursued that. Second, due to the most prerequisite theory of disease production, the balanced condition of environment, the cause of a disease and host is called the health. As oriental medicine has the system of aetiology like that, we can see the host and environments are importance most of all. Namely we can think of the relation of host >> environment > the cause a disease Up to date Jungkijonae Sabulkaghan(正氣存內 邪不可干) that the most oriental medicine doctors have had a knowledge is not whole theory but a pan of oriental medicine science and it is included in oriental medicine theory to avoid infectious disease such as Husajukpung Phijeyushi(虛邪賊風 避之有時). Third, according to the natural result of the first and second contents, we can know that its characteristics stress the remedy without drugs. Because Jungkijonae Sabulkaghan(正氣存內 邪不可干), Husasukpung Phijeyushi(虛邪賊風 避之有時), and Chuninsangeung(天人相應) mean that they prevent disease in condition of freedom from ailment, We can prevent the disease production through the positive preventive methods such as exercise, spirit, food and innate prevention etc.. fourth, the preventive medicine of oriental medicine has developed with therapeutics and it contains all oriental medical methods such as host, environment, exercise, acupuncture and moxibustion, innate or postnatal methods. Also it is the general preventive medicine that has fundamental philosophy of oriental medicine; for examples, the unified idea, the harmony of nature and human, and the unity of mind and body. fifth, to develope the above scientific merit and special features, the preventive medicine of Oriental medicine must be objectified and reemergent stud? gets more and more essential from now on. Especially we need to have the scientific concern of Oriental medicine about the cause of a disease, environmental hygiene, industrial sanitation, and personal hygiene etc..

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Objective : In South Song era, Choe Ga-eon(崔嘉彦) built Seowonam(西源庵), lived as a hermit and communicated with Juja(朱子) in LuShan(廬山), JiangXi province(江西省), JiuJiang city(九江市). Maekgyeol(脈訣) written by him significantly influenced the forthcoming medical doctors, who took over his studies and were called the school of Seowon. Little information about his life and his successors encouraged this study. Method : The core contents of Maekgyeol(脈訣), his life based on Waryongamgi(臥龍庵記) and Seowongamgi(西源庵記) written by Juja(朱子) and his successors on the basis of various medical books were investigated. Result : The Seowonam(西源庵) is located at the entrance of xiufeng Scenic spot(秀峰景區) which is 6km west from center of Xingzi county(星子縣), JiangXi province(江西省), JiuJiang city(九江市). The points of Maekgyeol(脈訣) are inferring the symptom of wind, energy, cold and heat by categorizing seven exterior and eight interior pulse into four pulses of float, sink, slow and quick and diagnosing a disease of three warmer and the five viscera and the six entrails by subordinating four pulses to Chon, Gwan, and Cheok(寸關尺). By writing the book of Sawonron(四原論) he clarified the clinical point, pulse, disease, symptom, treatment with learning the cause of a disease through pulse, understanding the symptom through a disease, and giving a remedy through a symptom. Then he communicated with Juja(朱子) assigned to NanKangJun(南康軍) as a ruler. He helped Juja(朱子) to build Waryongam(臥龍庵) and Juja(朱子) wrote Seowonamgi(西源庵記) for him. Conclusion : The members of medical doctors of the school of Seowon were Choe Ga-eon(崔嘉彦) and his follower Yu Gae(劉開), Yugae's disciple Eom Yong-hwa(嚴用和) and Ju Jong-yang(朱宗陽) and Ju Jong-yang's disciple Jang Do-jung(張道中). They, who were famous for pulse, had contributed to advancing study of pulses in the field of oriental medicine.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.9 no.2 s.17
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• pp.170-178
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• 2005

The video data corrupted by the transmission error due to packet loss induce error propagation in decoded video data, and cause poor video quality. To remedy these corrupted video data, there have been introduced two types of error concealment techniques: spatial or temporal error concealment algorithm. Computational overhead by using spatial error concealment algorithm is a serious disadvantage in mobile video data streaming environment. In this paper, we propose hybrid type error concealment technique recovering video quality of mobile device using MPEG-4 video streaming on error-prone wireless network. Our algorithm is implemented in MPEG-4 decoder. The algorithm adopts Intel Wireless MMX technology to provide high performance of portable embedded multimedia mobile device. It is proven that the proposed algorithm shows expected performance for a mobile streaming system(PDA) on IP channels. Our approach showed better processing speed and better video quality comparing with traditional error concealment algorithm.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2026-2036
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• 1991

An expert system is developed which can diagnose the causes and remedies of the failures of power transmission gears. The basic components of the expert system are knowledge base, inference engine, and working memory. The knowledges in knowledge base are classified into the knowledges for determining the failure types and for diagnosis of causes and remedies of the failures. The former is represented hierarchically into the main category of eleven groups by rules and the sub category of twenty four groups by facts, while the later is represented by facts according to the each group of knowledges. In the inference engine some considerations are implemented, i.e., the backward chaining method and depth first search to determine the category of the failures, the meta-knowledges to shorten the search space, the certainty factor to evaluate the reliability of result, and the unification strategy to diagnose the causes and remedies of the failures. The working memory is established to hold the results during inference temporarily. In addition, knowledge acquisition facility, explanation facility, and user interface are included for the usefulness of user. This expert system is written with the PROLOG programming language on IBM-PC compatible computer operated by MS-DOS and be executed alone.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.309-320
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• 2013

Objectives : There is a possibility LRE as remedy in Alzheimer disease (AD), but it's nerve protection effect and mechanism have to be elucidate. In this research, we applied LRE on $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ pre-treated SH-SY5Y cells, to find out the nerve protection effect and mechanism in AD cell model. Methods : We tried to confirm that effect by experimenting with 20, 50, and $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentration of LRE as a medicine. Next experiment, we assessed damage effect which induced $A{\beta}_{25-35}$, known to cause AD, on SH-SY5Y cell. In addition, cellular viability test is executed under $H_2O_2$ treatment condition in a SH-SY5Y cell. Results : 1. In $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ treated SH-SY5Y cell, LRE exhibited an anti-phosphorylation effect about tau protein, JNK, and IKB. 2. LRE prevent nerve cell apoptosis, which indued $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ and oxidative stress, modify JNK engaged synaptic structure and $NF{\kappa}B$ induced p75-neurotrophin receptor polymorphism. Conclusions : We found that LRE prevented oxidative stress-induced cellular destruction, for example, increased SOD activity of $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ treated SH-SY5Y cell and reduced toxicity of oxygen free radical. Consequently, the ingredients of LRE have a role as a catalyzer for $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ clearance and as scavenger for active oxygen free radical.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2004

The KSNP Steam Generators (Youngkwang Unit 3 and 4, Ulchin Unit 3 and 4) have a problem of U-tube fretting wear due to Flow Induced Vibration (FIV). In particular, the wear is localized and concentrated in a small area of upper part of U-bend in the Central Cavity region. The region has some conditions susceptible to the FIV, which are high flow velocity, high void fraction, and long unsupported span. Even though the FIV could be occurred by many mechanisms, the main mechanism would be fluid-elastic instability, or turbulent excitation. To remedy the problem, Eggcrate Flow Distribution Plate (EFDP) was installed in the Central Cavity region or Ulchin Unit 5 and 6 steam generators, so that it reduces the flow velocity in the region to a certain level. However, the cause of the FIV and the effectiveness of the EFDP was not thoroughly studied and checked. In this study, therefore the Stability Ratio (SR), which is the ratio of the actual velocity to the critical velocity, was compared between the value before the installation of EFDP and that after. Also the possibility of fluid-elastic instability of KSNP steam generator and the effectiveness of EFDP were checked based on the ATHOS3 code calculation and the Pettigrew's experimental results. The calculated results were plotted in a fluid-elastic instability criteria-diagram (Pettigrew, 1998, Fig. 9). The plotted result showed that KSNP steam generator with EFDP had the margin of Fluid-Elastic Instability by almost 25％.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2 s.32
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• pp.117-132
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• 1996

The study of Jungpung(中風)'s section in Chungumyobang (千金要方, 諸風門) by Sonsamak(孫思邈) showed the following results. 1. The cause of Jungpung(中風) in Jungpung(中風)'s section in Chungumyobang (千金要方, 諸風門) was quotated from the theory of Naekyung(內經) -Pung(風) evil from the external environment invade on Hu(虛) of human body(外來風邪, 內虛邪中). 2. At Jungpung(中風)'s section in Chungumyobang (千金要方, 諸風門), he devided into the four classes of Jungpung(中風)'s symptom-Pyungo, Pungbi, Pungyi, Pungbi(偏枯, 風?, 風懿, 風痺)-, and this classification had a great influence on the next generations. 3. At Jungpung(中風)'s section in Chungumyobang (千金要方, 諸風門), he understanded that changes of Jungpung(中風)'s pathology depended on the Eum-Yang-Han-Yul-Hu-Shil(陰陽寒熱虛實) of the patients. 4. At Jungpung(中風)'s section in Chungumyobang (千金要方, 諸風門), he gathered and rearranged various prescription which accumulated the clinical experiences during the period from Naekyung(內經), Sanghan(傷寒) times, to Tang(唐)'s dynasty. There were major Jungpung(中風)'s prescription -Sosokmyungtang(小續命湯), Daesokmyungtang(大續命湯), Jukryuktang(竹瀝湯), Jihwangjun(地黃煎), Dokhwalgisaengtang(獨活寄生湯) etc. And the principle of treatment was the remedy method of removing evil through sweating(發汗祛邪法). 5. Chungumyobang(千金要方) showed the development of quality, quantity in their prescription comparing the fomer ages. And the method of classification of Jungpung(中風)'s symptom had a great influence on the next generation in clinical aspect. But the basic theory in Chungumyobang(千金要方) coudn't get out of the limits of Naekyung(內經), Gumgueyoryak(金?要略).