• Language and Information
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.77-92
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• 2009

Geis (1973) has provided various properties of the subjects and by + Gerund Phrase (GerP) in English causative constructions. Among them, the two main issues of Geis's analysis are as follows: unlike Lakoff (1965; 1966), the subject of English causative constructions, including causative-inchoative verbs such as liquefy, first of all, should be acts or events, not persons, and the by + GerP in the construction is a complement of the causative verbs. In addition to these issues, Geis has provided various data exhibiting other idiosyncratic properties and proposed some transformational rules such as the Agent Creation Rule and rule orderings to explain them. Against Geis's claim, I propose that English causative verbs require either Proper nouns or GerP subjects and that the by + GerP in the constructions as a Verbal Modifier needs Gerunds, whose understood Affective-agent subject is identical to the subject of causative verbs with respect to the semantic index value. This enables us to solve the two main issues. At the same time, the other properties Geis mentioned also can be easily accounted for in Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) by positing a few lexical constraints. On this basis, it is shown that given the few lexical constraints and existing grammatical tools in HPSG, the constraint-based analysis proposed here gives a simpler explanation of the properties of English causative constructions provided by Geis without transformational rules and rule orderings.

• Language and Information
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.57-82
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• 2002

This study explores the lexical-semantic structure of derived causative verbs in Korean based on Pustejovsky(1995)'s Generative Lexicon Theory (GL). Morphological causative verbs are derived from their root stems by affixing ‘-i, -hi, -li, -gi’ in Korean and the meanings of derived predicates are closely related to the meanings of their root verbs. In particular, the change of the ARGUMENT STRUCTURE by morphological derivation leads to the change of the EVENT STRUCTURE. The ARGUMENT STRUCTURES of derived causative verbs include a causer argument, which is added to the ARGUMENT STRUCTURE of their root verbs by means of the causative derivation. Their EVENT STRUCTURE has a headed process related to a causer and its result is the event which their root verbs denote. This approach can also suggest that the (in)directness of causative is dependent on is the semantics of its root verb.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.25-58
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• 2001

This study explores the lexical-semantic structure of derived causative verbs in Korean based on Pustejovsky(1995)'s Generative Lexicon Theory (GL), Mor-phological causative verbs are derived from their root stems by affixing ‘-i, -hi, -li, -gi’ in Korean and the meanings of derived predicates are closely related to the meanings of their root verbs. In particular, the change of the ARGUMENT STRUCTURE by morphological derivation leads to the change of the EVENT STRUCTURE. In this study, causation is defined as the cause-effect relation having a causer. The ARGUMENT STRUCTURES of derived causative verbs includes a causer argument, which is added to the ARGUMENT STRUCTURE of their root verbs. Their EVENT STRUCTURE has a headed process related to a causer and their result is the event which their root verbs represent. This approach can also suggest that the (in)directness of causative is determined by which verb is its root and explain the difference between the morphological causativization and the syntactic causativization in Korean.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.348-358
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to produce visual content for effective education of Passive verbs and Causative verbs in Korean language education for foreigners. Passive verbs and causative verbs are contents that must be taught to intermediate level learners. However, it is recognized as a difficult item for both learners and Korean teachers because the realization pattern is complicated, and there is no rule to explain the combination relationship between the action and the instruction by suffix. In this article, the use of nonverbal information that can improve the learning effect was considered. Providing verbal and non-verbal information together in language education can be expected to improve learners' communication skills. In particular, visual content is non-verbal information that can positively affect memory enhancement, playback, and transition. Therefore, this study attempted to plan and produce picture cards as visual materials. The picture card, produced with a focus on the correct education of Korean Passive verbs, will efficiently and significantly make Korean Passive verbs and Causative verbs teaching and learning by suffixes.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.91-112
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• 2007

Two experiments were conducted to examine psychological reality and incremental nature of thematic processing in Korean sentence comprehension. By using two different types of verbs (i.e., transitive and causative verbs), we manipulated necessity of the thematic reanalysis (i.e., consistent vs. inconsistent condition) in the coordinated sentence structures. In Experiment 1, there was no significant difference in the reading times of the verbs between the consistent and the inconsistent condition. However, there was significant differences in question answering times between the two conditions. In Experiment 2 in which we changed a noun phrase of the test sentences into inanimate one, we found significant thematic reanalysis effects in the reading times of the final verbs. Based on these results we discussed the theoretical importance and universality of the thematic processes.

• Korean Linguistics
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• v.74
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• pp.1-24
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• 2017

This paper investigated -eullanjira sentence as a kind of construction of the Southwestern dialect in Korea. Five informants were selected to form the main corpus of -eullanjira. Through analyzing the corpus, its semantic, syntactic and morphological characteristics were figured out. Firstly, a view of construction grammar was adopted to capture the semantic and syntactic characteristics of -eullanjira. The construction of -eullanjira was established as "Xdo Yeullanjira Z". Syntactically, -do was found to be a common auxiliary particle, which allowed nouns, adverbs, verbs and adjectives to appear at the position of X, while only verbs and adjectives could appear at the position of Y. Subject-honorific, causative and passive prefinal endings could coexist with Y, while tense and modal prefinal endings could not. Z was an embedded clause, which had the semantic feature of [-DOUBT], meaning 'it should be done undoubtedly'. The formation of -eullanjira was next examined both diachronically and synchronically. It was found there was a conjuntive ending of Middle Korean, corresponding -eullanjira, namely, -landai. Finally, -eullanjira was newly analyzed as [[-eulla-]+[-n-ji-ra]].

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.97-100
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• 2003

The present study was planned to investigate the cortical activation correlated with producing morphologically complex Korean verbs by using. fMRI technique. In this study two derivational affixes and two inflectional affixes were selected: pre-final ending and final ending for inflectional affix and passive affix and causative affix for derivational affix. Two Experiment were conducted. The results of two Experiments suggest a possibility that process of pre-final ending is different from final ending.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.49
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• pp.1-32
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• 2017

This paper discusses the structural and meaning features of causative from/for V-ing constructions as complement and provides insight on their grammatical characteristics revealed from alternation between prepositions for and from in nonfinite V-ing complement clause constructions. Guided by empirical data, this paper demonstrates that there are three types of syntactic patterns classified by the main verbs in these constructions and that these three syntactic types are closely linked with the meaning. These classifications are supported by the passivizations and aspect. In addition, this paper suggests that the function of for and from followed by nonfinite V-ing clause should be treated as a preposition introducing nonfinite V-ing clauses.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.02a
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• pp.183-191
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• 1996

한국어의 사동문과 피동문은 주로 사동사와 피동사에 의하여 실현된다. 한국어 통사론에서 특이한 점은 피동문과 사동문이 동일한 형태를 취함으로써 중의성이 있는 문장이 등장한다는 점이다. 피동사와 사동사는 형용사 및 동사 어간에 피동접미사가 불어 파생된다. 이러한 사동사와 피동사의 파생에서 특이한 사항은 형용사에 사동접미사가 불어서 사동사가 구성된다는 점과 자동사에 피동접미사가 불어 피동사가 구성된다는 점이다. 사동사와 피동사가 갖는 이러한 통사적 형태적 특성이 경상도 말에서 어떠한 운율적 특징을 가지고 나타나는지를 살펴보는 것이 이 논문의 목적이다. 부산에서 태어나고 자란 20대 중반의 학생 5명에게 5쌍의 피사동문을 읽게 하여 그 결과를 살펴보았다. 경상도말의 사동사는 H+H(M)+L의 성조를 보이고 피동사는 M+H+L의 성조를 보인다. 이러한 특성과 아울러 정상도 말의 피동접미사는 사동접미사에 비하여 상대적으로 길이가 길다. 이 같은 특징은 피동사는 사동사에 피동접미가 붙은 것이라고 하여 피동과 사동을 하나로 묶어 설명하는 주장을 뒷받침한다. 그리고 동일한 형태를 보이는 문장의 중의성이 운율에 의해 해소된다는 점이 흥미롭다. 통시적으로는 중세국어에서 현대국어로의 성조변화, 공시적으로는 서울말과 경상도 말의 피사동이 보이는 체계적 대응을 보이는지는 앞으로의 연구과제다.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.47-64
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• 2003

In the present study, the production of grammatical morphemes of Korean-speaking children with and without developmental language impairments was investigated. Ten children with language impairments (LI) (CA: 4; 4-6; 11, LA: 3; .6-5; 10) and 10 normal children (CA: 3;1-6;3, LA: 3;5-5;11) with matched language abilities participated in the study. Sixty pairs of pictures were used to elicit 12 types of predetermined grammatical morphemes. The two pictures of a pair were designed to elicit two sentences of the same sentence structure. After the investigator described one picture of a pair, the children were asked to describe the other picture. The LI children made more errors than the normal children in the production of 6 types of grammatical morphemes including: locative case marker, dative case marker, two connective endings of predicates representing cause and goal, and suffixes for passive and causative verbs. However, the LI children produced some grammatical morphemes as accurately as. the normal children. The two groups were similar in their error patterns. Some explanations for Korean-speaking LI children's use of grammatical morphemes were suggested.