• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.748-754
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• 2018

Objective: The preference evaluation of cattle is an important factor for estimation and improvement of the grazing amounts of newly introduced or bred grasses or cultivars in barn. This study was performed to assess the grazing behavior (the amount of grazing and/or the grazing speed) of cattle as indirect method using newly bred Brachiaria ruziziensis tetraploid strain 'OKI-1'(BR) hay as treatment group and Cloris gayana 'Callide' (CG) hay as control group. It also compared the feasibility of using behavioral differences between two groups as one criteria for evaluating preference by Japanese black cattle in barn. Methods: Three experiments were carried out using 12 growing Japanese Black cattle including 6 males and 6 females. In each experiment, the four Japanese Black cattle (2 males and 2 females) were placed in separated stall and allowed to graze BR and CG in manger that was separated into two portions for about 30 min. The position and behavior of the cattle were recorded, and weighed the residual of each gay at 15 and 30 minutes after experiment start. Results: The BR was superior to CG in chemical composition such as protein, fibers and non-fibrous carbohydrate. The cattle, over all, tended to prefer BR over CG in the first half 15 minutes in terms of the time spent and amount of grazing. Additionally, growing cattle exhibited neophilia for BR bred newly. Conclusion: These findings indicated the current approach could be applied for one of criteria to evaluate the preference of hay by Japanese black cattle under indoor housing environment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2003

Dietary fatty acid including mainly palmitic acid and stearic acid was fed to fattening cattle and its effect on body weight gain, plasma lipid contents and rumen liquid fermentation in vitro was examined. In expt. 1, the effect of dietary fatty acid on body weight gain and plasma lipid concentrations was examined. In the control diet group, cattle were fed 1 kg/day of rice straw and concentrate which satisfied the requirement. In the fatty acid group, cattle were given 250 g/d of fatty acid with the same diet of the control diet group. In the excess concentrate group, cattle were given the same diet of the control diet group plus 735 g/d of concentrate corresponding to the same TDN of 250 g/d of fatty acid. Diets were given for 7 days. Body weight gain of cattle given dietary fatty acid was significantly greater than that of cattle fed only rice straw and concentrate. When dietary fatty acid was added to cattle feed, plasma NEFA and HDL-cholesterol concentrations increased. In expt. 2, the influence of dietary fatty acid on gas production and VFA profile in the rumen liquid was investigated in vitro. In the control group, 10 mg of rice straw and 90 mg of concentrate were incubated in the rumen fluid. In the excess concentrate group, 10 mg of rice straw and 97.5 mg of concentrate were incubated. In the fatty acid group, 10 mg of rice straw, 90 mg of concentrate and 2.5 mg of fatty acids were incubated. The rumen liquid mixed with feed materials was incubated for 24 h and the cumulative gas volume was measured. The VFA profile was also measured. Cumulative gas volume in the rumen liquid with fatty acid was equal to the control. Excess concentrate increased cumulative gas volume compared to the fatty acid group. There was no significant difference in total VFA concentration between experimental diet groups. It is suggested that dietary fatty acid has the potency to improve growth performance in fattening cattle without failure in rumen fermentation.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2003

One of the major obstructing factors against managing dairy farm in Korea has been a shortage of roughage supply. The shortage of roughage caused excessive use of concentrate feed increase of production cost and deterioration of cattle quality. In order to solve this problem for the dairy farm, use of fallow paddy field in the winter was feasible to produce barley and rye forage during the winter season after harvesting of in. And many desirable effects of raising cattle productivity, saving dollars for importing feeds and providing huge ground for manure spreading are expected by enlarged local roughage production. Through analysing the forage producing process, a mechanized operation model was developed for dairy farms in Korea. Its model consists of seeding models(till, no-till model) and harvesting models(wrap silage, traditional silage, hay model). Currently, the government policies are being executed to urge producing winter cereal wrap silage in the fallow paddy field with various supporting programs. Ant with enlarged local forage production, it is possible to make a new huge market fur forage producing machine.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 1997

These studies were carried out to establish an effective and practical system for commercialization of embryo production techniques by analyzing several factors influencing in vivo embryo production in Korean native cattle. In vivo embryos were flushed 226 times from 128 donors. The results obtained in studies on the factors influencing in vivo embryo production were as follows : 1. There were no significant differences in the number of total recovered, fertilized, transferable and freezable embryos among the hormone doses(FSH-P, 28∼34mg; SUPER-OV, 75IU) used for superovulation. However, over 30mg doses of FSH-P showed a slightly higher effect than others. 2. There were slight decrease in the number of fertilized, transferable and freezable embryos in 3 times repeated superovulation. But there were no significant differences among 1, 2 and 3 times repeated superovulations. 3. Age of donors did not affect the number of transferable and freezable embryos, but the number of fertilzed embryos were highest in 2∼3 years old donors and were lowest in 8∼9 years old donors(P<0.05). 4. Season had a significant effect on the production of embryos(P<0.05). the embryo production, and the number of fertilized, transferable and freezable embryos were most effective in summer and follow by spring, autumn and winter. 5. The number of transferable and freezable embryos was highest in donors flushed at 7∼8 days after estrus(P<0.05).

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 1997

This study was carried out to establish an effective and practical system for commercialization of embryo production techniques by analyzing several factors influencing in vivo embryo production on condition of donors treated FSH-P and SUPER-OV in Korean native cattle. In vivo embryos were flushed 226 times from 128 donors. The results obtained for the factors influencing in vivo embryo production by conditionof donors treated FSH-P and SUPER-OV were as follows :1. Age and parity of donors did not affect the transferable and freezable embryos among the treatments in FSH-P but the transferable and freezable embryos were decreased after 6 years old and 4th parity in SUPER-OV(P<0.01). 2. The production of embryos on the weight of donors was higher in over 400kg of body weight in FSH-P(P<0.01) and was higher in over 450kg than 400~450kg of body weight in SUPER-OV(P<0.05). For FSH-P embryo production was better responded in 350~450kg of body weight with 30~32mg doses, and showed a better result in over 450kg body weight with 32~34mg doses.(Key Words : in vivo embryo, donors, FSH-P SUPER-OV)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.243-245
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• 1989

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.1866-1872
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of the present experiment was to construct self-draining beds to keep surface bedding materials clean and dry for beef cattle comfort in a temperate climate. Methods: In Experiment 1, a self-draining bed was covered with sand at depths of 10 cm (S-10a), 15 cm (S-15), and 20 cm (S-20) respectively. In Experiment 2, self-draining beds of different sizes were covered with 10 cm of sand (S-10b) and wood shavings (WS) at depths of 15 cm and 20 cm (WS-15 and WS-20). Fifteen cattle were engaged to evaluate the comfort of self-draining beds covered with different bedding materials. Results: No cattle lay in the feed alley and cattle spent more time lying on S-10a than S-15 or S-20 in Experiment 1 (p<0.01). No difference in lying time was detected between S-15 and S-20 (p>0.05). In Experiment 2, no cattle selected the feed alley as the lying area. Cattle preferred WS-15 as the lying area and time spent lying on WS-20 was slightly higher than on S-10b (p<0.05). Feces weight was higher in the feed alley than in the different bedding areas in both Experiments 1 and 2 (p<0.01). Conclusion: Sand-bedding depth at 10 cm and WSs at 15 cm above the self-draining bed can provide for the lying comfort of beef cattle. Design of a special feed alley to hold most of the feces to keep bedding materials clean and dry is desirable for organic beef cattle in a loose barn.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.295-302
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• 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Thai native cattle grazing in the lowland or mountain forest on carcass characteristics, meat quality, sensory palatability, and chemical composition. Methods: Twelve male Thai native cattle with an average weight of 110±10 kg are allowed to be grazing in the lowland or Phu Phan mountain forest during the rainy season in northeastern Thailand. Results: The carcass characteristics, meat pH, and meat color were unaffected by treatment (p>0.05). The boiling loss was lower in the cattle grazing on the mountain forest (p = 0.027). The cattle grazing in the mountain forest had increased shear force (p = 0.039), tenderness (p = 0.011), and flavor intensity (p = 0.003). The protein and fat were higher (p<0.001 and p = 0.035, respectively) in cattle grazing in the mountain forest. The different grazing systems of the cattle had no effect (p>0.05) fatty acids in meat, except for capric acid (C10:0) and lauric acid (C12:0), which were higher (p = 0.046 and p = 0.049, respectively) when the cattle were grazing in the mountain forest. The different grazing systems did not influence (p>0.05) the unsaturated fatty acids in meat. Conclusion: Thai native cattle grazing in the Phu Phan mountain forest in the rainy season improves meat quality, sensory evaluation, and chemical composition.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.494-497
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• 2003

The study was carried out in Sahiwal, Holstein Friesian, Jersey and crossbred cattle and Murrah, Bhadwari, Jaffarabadi, Nagpuri and Surti buffaloes maintained at different organized herds to work out the polymorphism at growth hormone locus and study its effect on birth weight. A 223 bp fragment of the gene was amplified and digested with Alu I restriction enzyme. Two alleles, L and V with three genotypes LL, LV and VV were observed in Jersey, Holstein and cross bred cattle. Sahiwal cattle and buffalo were monomorphic for this locus producing only one genotype LL and one allele L. The frequency of L allele was comparatively higher in Holstein and crossbred cattle while in Jersey breed, the frequency of this allele was intermediate. The effect of genotype on birth weight was significant and LV genotype had higher birth weight than other genotypes. Hence, LV genotype in Holstein Friesian favored higher birth weight.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1055-1059
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• 2003

Keratins, the constituents of epithelial intermediate filaments, are precisely regulated in a tissue and development specific manner. There are two types of keratin in bovine. The type I is acidic keratin and the type II is neutral/basic keratin. 1.5 kb of 5' flanking sequence of Korean cattle Keratin IV gene, type II keratin (59 kDa), was cloned and sequenced. A symmetrical motif AApuCCAAA are located in a defined region upstream of the TATA box. Proximal SP1, AP1, E-box and CACC elements as the major determinants of transcription are identified. When it was compared to the bovine sequence from -600 bp to ATG upstream, the homology was 97% in nucleotide sequence. Several A and T sequences, located in the promoter region, are deleted in the Korean cattle. An expression vector consisted of Korean cattle Keratin IV gene promoter/SV40 large T antigen was transfected to HaCaT cell (Epithelial keratinocyte). The transformed HaCaT cells showed active proliferation when treated with PDGF (Platelet-derived growth factor) in 0.3% soft agar compared to control cells. These results indicate that Korean cattle Keratin IVgene promoter can be used as a promoter for transfection into epithelial cell.