• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.651-658
• /
• 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the comparative growth characteristics and ginenoside contents of wild-simulated ginseng on different years (7 and 13-year-old) by monitoring soil properties of cultivation regions. Plant and soil samples were collected from 6 different cultivation regions. Soil organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN) and cation exchangeable capacity (CEC) were significantly higher in 13-year-old wild-simulated ginseng cultivation regions compared to 7-year-old wild-simulated ginseng cultivation regions. Growth characteristics of wild-simulated ginseng had shown significantly higher in 13-year-old wild-simulated ginseng compared to 7-year-old wild-simulated ginseng. Ginsenoside G-Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1 were significantly higher in 13-year-old wild-simulated ginseng than 7-year-old wild-simulated ginseng. According to the results of correlation analysis, soil OM, TN and CEC of the cultivated regions were positively correlated with the growth of wild-simulated ginseng. In addition, the root length of wild-simulated ginseng showed positive correlation with ginsenoside content. Hence, this study was able to investigate the correlation between growth and ginsenoside content of wild-simulated ginseng based on soil characteristics of the cultivation regions.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.63-74
• /
• 2012

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different stocking rate on growth, cast production and conversion efficiency of organic matter to tissues of earthworm. The carbon and nitrogen ratio (C/N) of tested Korean cow manure was 25.1, it was estimated an adequate ratio as feed for earthworms. The different stocking rates were 1:8(S-1), 1:16(S-2), 1:32(S-3) 1:64(S-4) 1:128(S-5) and 1:256 (S-6) as the ratios of earthworm fresh weight to biomass of Korean cow manure, respectively. A stocking rate of 1:32(S-3) was obtained a significantly highest values of increasing rate and conversion efficiency of organic matter to earthworm tissues. The mean values of increasin g rate of fresh weight and conversion efficiency of organic matter to earthworm tissues were 10.63 mg/day and 6.65% at the ratio of 1:32(S-3) with a rearing volume was $56.6cm^3$. A stocking rate of 1:8(S-1) was obtained a highest ratio of vermicasts, but showed a negative values of increasing rate and conversion efficiency of organic matter to earthworm tissues, it may due to severely food competition between individuals during the rearing periods. The pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cations of vermicasts tended to increase with stocking rate. Especially, available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cations of vermicasts tended to increase with rearing progressed. Vermicasts have the potential for improving plant growth when amended to container medium and soil according to increased availability of nutrients and improved physicochemical properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate soil properties, ordination, and vegetation of the coastal sand dune in Sinduri, Taean-Gun. 1. The Orobanche coerulescens and Ixeris repens that are a peculiar species were found in Sinduri coastal sand dune and the Salix purpurea var. japonica that is an endemic species of korea was found in that place. The plant communities was categorized into seven groups, such as Rosa rugosa community, Vitex rotundifolia communit, Carex kobomugi community, Imperata cylndrica var. koenigii community, Carex pumila community, Artemisia capillaris community, and Calamagrostis epigeios community. 2. The soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorous concentrations, and cation exchange capacity were lower in the study sites than in forest soil of seashore. There was little difference in soil exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K concentrations between in the study site and in the forest soil of seashore. The soil pH was ranged from 5.69 to 7.63. The soil texture in the study site was sand or loamy sand. 3. The results of the correlation between Sinduri coastal sand dune community and environmental factor are as follows; the soil pH was the most effect to the community distribution, and CEC, total nitrogen, soil organic matter, and the amount of silt in soil have some correlation with community distribution. 4. The results of the correlation between Sinduri coastal sand dune community and soil characteristics are as follows; the Calamagrostis epigeios community was found in area that have high soil moisture content; the Rosa rugosa community was found in area that have high soil CEC, organic matter concentration, and total nitrogen concentration, and low soil pH; the Vitex rotundifolia community, Carex kobomugi community, and Artemisia capillaris community were found in area that have low soil CEC, organic matter concentration, and total nitrogen concentration, and high soil pH; the Imperata cylndrica var. koenigii community and Carex pumila community were found in area that have medium soil CEC, organic matter concentration, total nitrogen concentration, and soil pH.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.488-492
• /
• 1986

The $Ca^{++}$ and $Mg^{++}$ released during Ca, Mg-Na exchange on Kampo 78 montmorillonite which was treated with various concentrations of NaCl solution, were measured with EDTA titration metbod in the leaching solutions. Lanthanide montmorillonite was prepared with various neutral lanthanide ions from sodium montmorillonite in which the exchangeable ions are displaced from the exchanger, such as the displacement of $Na^+$ by $Ln^{3+}$ ions, Cation exchange capacity (CEC) is determined on remaining lanthanides in the leaching solutions with E. D. T. A titration method. As a results of this study, there were no difference of C. E. C in series of lanthanide contraction, but C. E. C depends on charge density of montmorillonite. When we conformed the structure of Ln-montmorillonite by X-ray diffraction. It was found that there was much difference of pattern between Na-montmorillonite and Ln-montmorillonite.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.58-72
• /
• 2001

The Cretaceous granite, andesite and sedimentary rocks are widely distributed in the northern Pusan area. The present study investigates mineralogical and geochemical charateristics of residual and cultivated soils derived from these rocks. The soils of granite area contain a large amount of quartz relative to clay minerals, whereas the soils of the andesite area contain more clay minerals than quartz. Clay minerals consist mainly of kaolin minerals illite hydroxy interlayered vermiculite interstratified mica/vermiculite and chlorite. Kaolin minerals are abundant in paddy soils while illite is abundant in less weathered soils. Si and K are major elements in the soils of granite area while Fe and Al in the soils of andesite area. In all the soils Ca, Mg and Na were generally depleted in comparison to those in parent rocks. Analysis data of trace element show that the enrichment pattern in soils depends on parent rock type with high oncentration of some elements over 100 ppm: Ba and Rb in granite area Zn, Bn, and V in andesite area, and Ba and V in sedimentary rock. In granite area, Rb and Th were greatly enriched in soil than in parent rocks. However, Cr, Ni and Sr commonly decrease, whereas Pb increases in all the soils. Exchangeable cation capacity(CEC) is relatively high in the soils of andesite are including abundant clay minerals. Collective evidences prove that the mineralogical and chemical compositions of soils are strongly dependent on the parent rock type. The mineralogy and chemistry of long cultivated soils are not significantly different from those of residual soils.

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2011.07a
• /
• pp.177-187
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to determine some physical and chemical properties of the soil and their relationship to spectroscopic-based (visible range) analytical methods while evaluating soil organic matter fractions and soil quality in degraded and non-degraded soils in a wide range of environments. Soil samples were collected from the different landscape positions of cultivated and noncultivated soils, and the latter from the same landscape positions but with different vegetation, at Songco, Lantapan, Bukidnon. The physical and chemical properties of the soils were determined at the SPAL, CMU, Musuan, Bukidnon while the metagenomic properties were determined at the Laboratory of the University of Missourri, Missourri, USA. Bulk density and air dry soil strength values of the soils from the cultivated areas were generally higher than those of the uncultivated areas. Also, soils at the summit generally had lower bulk density and soil strength values than the other landscape positions. Moreover, soils planted to camote (Ipomoea batatas) had higher bulk density and soil strength values compared to soils grown to pepper under the trees. Exchangeable calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soils were generally higher in uncultivated areas than those of the cultivated areas. A similar trend was observed for the potassium permanganate ($KMnO_4$)-oxidizable organic C contents determined by spectroscopic method and the total C contents determined by the Walkley-Black method. The $KMnO_4$-oxidizable organic C contents determined by spectroscopic method and the total C contents determined by the Walkley-Black method were closely related ($r=0.631^{**}$). Hence, the former method shows promise in assessing soil quality as it is a rapid test, relatively low cost and can be distributed as a field kit either with a portable spectrometer or with a color chart.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.262-271
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate incorporation ratio of soil amendment 'Profile' to improve soil physicochemical properties and turfgrass growth. The soil amendment was added 0 (sand only), 3, 5, 7, and 10% to USGA Green-spec green sand soil. As incorporated with more 'Profile' amendment, soil electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchangeable capacity (CEC), capillary porosity and total porosity of root zone were increased than those of control, while bulk density and hydraulic conductivity decreased. Turfgrass index and clipping yield of creeping bentgrass grown in sand soil incorporated with 7% 'Profile' were improved than those of control. Correlation coefficient of turf color index and incorporation ratio of the soil amendment 'Profile' was found to show significantly positive correlation. These results indicated that application of the soil amendment 'Profile' to sand soil in golf course green improved turfgrass growth and quality by increasing CEC and porosity of root zone.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.271-278
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the mixture ratio of the inorganic soil amendments on the soil physicochemical properties. In this experiment, three kinds of soil amendments which had similar pH, EC and particle size, the A, B and C, were tested. The mixture ratio of soil amendment were 0%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 10% (V/V) incorporated with sand which met to the USGA(United State of Golf Association) particle standard. To analyze the effects of amendment on chemical soil properties, pH, EC(electrical conductivity) and CEC(cation exchangeable capacity) were measured. The porosity, bulk density and hydraulic conductivity also measured to analyze the changes of physical properties. In the chemical properties, pH was significantly related to the mixture ratios of amendments, A and C(P<0.05), CEC and EC also related to the ratios of C(P<0.01). When the results were applied to the USGA standard of the soil physical properties, the optimum mixture ratios of each amendment were 3% in A and B, and 7~10% in C. To analyze the corelation of mixture ratio versus to physical character, volume of porosity was significantly related to the ratio of B (P<0.05), and showed similar corelation in porosity and hydraulic conductivity with ratio of C(P<0.05). These results indicate that types and mixture ratio of inorganic soil amendments should affect on soil physio-chemical properties of root zone on USGA sand green.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.51-62
• /
• 2005

The effects of the processing mixture of food wastes and various organic wastes when vermicomposted on earthworm(Eisenia foefida) growth, the cast production amounts and the chemical properties of casts were evaluated. The substrates used in this experiments were cow manure, pig manure sludge, fermented pig manure with sawdust, nightsoil sludge, and sewage sludge and were respectively mixed with food wastes at a ratios of 50:50(v/v). The control consisted of food wastes alone without other wastes. All of earthworm died in the food wastes 100%, therefore the process of food wastes alone by vermicomposting was impossible in this experiment. Worm cast produced sufficiently contained quantities of available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable magnesium, and cation exchange capacity. The increase of earthworm's biomass occured on the mixtures of food wastes and cow manure, fermented pig manure with sawdust. Dry weight of worm cast was the highest on the mixtures of food wastes and fermented pig manure with sawdust and the proportion of cast weight after vermicomposting was significantly the highest on the mixtures of food wastes and cow manure($p{\leq}0.05$). Also, the mixtures of food wastes and cow manure, and fermented pig manure with sawdust showed a positive values of conversion rate and conversion efficiency rate of organic matter to earthworm tissue than that of other treatments. These results suggested that cow manure and fermented pig manure with sawdust are adequate to process with food wastes by vermicomposting.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.384-394
• /
• 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between soil properties and marker compounds contents of Paeonia lactiflora. The methods of determining marker compounds were validated by measuring the linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, accuracy and recovery using UPLC analysis. P. lactiflora contained albiflorin at 0.04 ± 0.00 ~ 2.79 ± 0.21%, paeoniflorin at 1.98 ± 0.14 ~ 6.67 ± 0.84%. The root dry weight (RDW) of P. lactiflora was 0.06 ± 0.02 ~ 1.27 ± 0.28 kg. The soil properties analysis such as soil pH, electric conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphate (Avail. P₂O₅), exchangeable cation and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were performed following standard analysis manual. The results of correlation analysis between soil properties and growth characteristics, available P₂O₅ was positively coreelated with the RDW of P. lactiflora. On the other hand, the RDW of P. lactiflora showed significantly negative correlation with contents of albiflorin and paeoniflorin. The results of this study was might be help to provide useful information on the establish of standard cultivation by the investigate correlation analysis between growth characteristics and marker compound contents of P. lactiflora.