• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2022

After COVID-19, the number of people with sleep disorders around the world is increasing. In particular, in the flow of the 4th industrial revolution, the differentiation of types and characteristics of the sleep industry is accelerating. Therefore, in this study, the characteristics of each type of sleep-related industry were reclassified from an industrial point of view, and based on this, an attempt was made to review the classification system that can help companies develop sleep products and improve related national systems. Based on the 10th standard industry classification, we compared input cost, value, and usability and analyzed common characteristics, treatments, and preventive effects based on this. A comprehensive taxonomy using matrix analysis was reviewed. As a result, in terms of cost (A), the most common sleeping products are general mattresses and general bedding. It is an IOT device (auxiliary device), and the value aspect (B, B/D) included sleep cafe, bedding rental and management service, and sleep consulting. In terms of utility (A/B), a total of 6 product groups including sleep aids (health functional foods) belong to this category, and in terms of treatment (A/C), a total of 3 product groups including sleep clinics (medical services) belong to this category. As for the product group (A/D) with both properties, it was found that non-insurance sleep treatment medical devices, sleep-related over-the-counter drugs, and some sleep monitoring applications belong to this category. Ultimately, it was found that the sleep industry classification enables the most active product development and composition according to the relative relationship between cost and utility, and treatment and utility. appeared to be necessary.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1475-1481
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• 2003

The aim of this paper was to use the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS), that reports diet energy and protein value and animal requirements, as net energy for lactation ($NE_1$) and metabolizable protein (MP) respectively, to evaluate some rations for lactating Italian Mediterranean buffaloes. The investigation was carried out on six farms in the province of Caserta (southern Italy), where the milk production was controlled four times monthly on 10 animals (changing every time) chosen at different lactation days (5 categories): <2 months (A), 2-4 months (B), 4-6 months (C), 6-8 months (D), >8 months (E). Milk fat and protein were determined. Diet $NE_1$ and MP were estimated with the CPM-Dairy program (1998) using diet component chemical characteristics; then energy and protein intakes were estimated. $NE_1$ and MP requirements were estimated with two methods: 1) using CPM-Dairy that considers produced milk, fat and protein content, lactation phase and body condition score as main factors; 2) by applying the theory that to produce 1 kg of energy corrected milk, the buffalo needs 3.56 MJ of $NE_1$ and the efficiency to convert the absorbed aminoacids into milk protein is lower than cow (CNCPS). As regards energy, with method 1 the requirements were satisfactory starting from category A (4 out of 6 farms) and category B (5/6 farms); however, a surplus resulted for category E (5/6 farms). With method 2 a deficit in category A (5/6 farms) and B (3/6 farms) was observed, while the energy requirements were satisfied for all categories except E, where on only one buffalo farm had a surplus of energy intake. As regards protein, with method 1 the requirements were substantially satisfied for all the categories except E (3/6 farms); with method 2 the MP trend was much less favourable than with method 1. Indeed, a protein deficit was observed for all animals in categories A and B (5/6 farms). Moreover, on one farm the protein intake never satisfied animal requirements. In our experimental conditions, the use of the CNCPS to characterise diets for lactating buffalo and to calculate their requirements led to satisfactory results. By contrast, we cannot say the same for method 2, which applies a lower use efficiency of NE and MP for lactation in buffalo compared to cow.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제17B권4호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2010

보통 두 세 개의 어휘로 구성된 질문 분류에서 어휘의 다양한 표현으로 인한 어휘 불일치문제는 성능 저하의 주요 원인이다. 따라서 질문 분류에서 어휘 사이의 연관성을 반영하는 것이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 같은 범주의 질문-질문 쌍들에 대해 계산한 어휘 번역확률을 번역기반 언어모델에 반영하여 질문을 분류하는 방법을 제안한다. 실험에서 야후!앤써 질문대답 아카이브를 이용해서 전체 질문-대답 쌍들에 대해서 번역확률을 계산하는 것보다 같은 범주에 속하는 질문-질문 쌍들에 대해서 번역확률을 계산하는 것이 질문 분류에서 더 좋은 번역확률인 것을 증명한다.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.58-71
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 달이 한 쪽 면만 보이는 현상에 대해 초등과학 영재학생들이 갖고 있는 선개념을 확인하여 유형별로 분류하고, 개발한 수업 모듈을 적용해 봄으로써 지구와 달의 운동 개념이 어떻게 변화되어 가는지 확인해 보기 위함이다. 이를 위해 J대학교 초등과학영재 15명의 학생들을 대상으로 질문지법과 면담법, 역할극을 활용하여 선개념을 조사한 후 지구과학교육 전문가와 2명의 박사과정 대학원생과 함께 분석하였다. 또한 수업 모듈을 개발하여 사전 모의수업을 통해 보완한 후, 동영상 촬영을 하면서 실제 수업을 녹화하였다. 녹화한 동영상을 토대로 프로토콜을 분석하였으며, 다음과 같은 연구결과가 나왔다. 첫째, 달이 한 쪽 면만 보이는 현상에 대한 초등과학 영재학생들의 선개념은 달이 한 쪽 면만 보이는 이유에 대해 달이 지구주위를 돌기 때문이라는 막연한 개념의 '가' 유형, 달이 지구주위를 한 쪽 면만 쳐다보기 때문이라는 현상적 개념의 '나' 유형, 달의 자전과 공전주기가 같기 때문이라는 암기 개념의 '다' 유형으로 크게 3가지로 분류되었다. 둘째, 달이 한 쪽 면만 보이는 현상에 대해 역할극으로 표현했을 때 나타난 선개념은 달의 회전 방향에 대해 잘못된 개념을 갖고 있는 A 유형, 달의 자전과 공전이 동시에 나타나도록 표현하지 못한 잘못된 개념을 갖고 있는 B 유형, 지구의 움직임을 정확하게 표현하지 못한 C 유형으로 크게 3가지로 분류되었다. 여기에 좀 더 세분화시키면 A 유형은 달의 자전과 공전의 방향을 제대로 이해하지 못한 채 움직임을 표현한 A-1 유형과 달의 움직임 자체를 역할극으로 표현하지 못한 A-2 유형으로, C 유형은 지구가 움직이되 달만 쳐다보고 움직이는 C-1 유형과 지구와 달이 정량적으로 움직이지 않게 표현한 C-2 유형으로 분류되었다. 셋째, 선개념을 수정하기 위해 본 연구자가 개발한 수업 모듈을 통해 A 유형의 경우는 1단계(달만 공전)과 2단계(달만 자전)의 수업단계에서, B 유형의 경우는 3단계(달의 자전과 공전)의 수업단계에서, C-1 유형의 경우는 4단계(달의 자전과 공전 주기 관련 표현하기)와 5단계(지구의 자전을 고려한 달의 움직임 생각하기)에서, C-2 유형의 경우는 6단계(지구와 달의 움직임과의 관계 조작하기) 수업을 통해 긍정적인 개념 변화가 가능했다. 본 연구는 지구와 달의 운동 개념 변화를 위해서는 역할극과 함께 탐구자료 제작 및 단계별 탐구활동을 동시에 실시하면 보다 효과적인 개념 변화가 이루어질 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.503-511
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• 1994

In this paper, the ring A will mean a commutative Noetherian ring with non-zero multiplicative identity, it is understood that the ring homomorphisms respect identity elements and M will denote an A-module. Throughout this paper A and B will denote rings, $f : A \to B$ a ring homomorphism. C(A) (resp. C(B)) presents the category of all A-modules (resp. B-modules) and A-homomorphisms (resp. B-homorphisms) between them. The following ideas will be used without further explanation. B can be regarded as an A-module by means of f and $M\otimesB$ can be regarded as a B-module in the natural way. Furthermore the restriction of scalars provides a functor from C(B) to C(A).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.875-884
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• 1995

In order to investigate the level of lead exposure of workers in litharge making industry and to evaluate how lead exposure, personal habit such as smoking and drinking affect the prevalence of lead related symptoms and other study variables, we investigate 114 workers(24 office workers and 90 lead exposed workers) in a litharge making industry. Study variables chosen were blood lead(PbB), zinc protoporphyrin in whole blood(ZPP), Hemoglobin(Hb), hematocrit (Hct), SGOT and SGPT symptom questionnaires which had 15 lead exposure related symptoms were provided to all workers and filled up by themselves and reconfirmed by physician. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The mean value of PbB, ZPP and SGOT in lead exposed group were higher than those of non-exposed group, and there were no differences of means in other study variables. 2. The smoking and drinking rate of study subjects were 65.8% and 71.0% as a whole. Smoking rates were lower in non-exposed group than exposed group, but drinking rate were not. 3. There were no differences of mean values of study variables between smoker and non-smoker in non-exposed and exposed group, but there was a difference of mean value of SGOT between drinker and lion-drinker in lead exposed group. 4. While the symptom prevalence of lead exposed group were higher in neuromuscular category than non-exposed group, those of non-exposed group were higher or same with exposed group in gastrointestinal and general symptom category. 5. The symptom prevalence of smoker were higher than non-smoker regardless of exposure. 6. The symptom prevalence of drinker were only higher in gastrointestinal symptom category than non-drinker. 7. In multiple stepwise regression analysis of lead related symptoms as dependent variable and blood lead, smoking habit, drinking habit and work duration as independent variables, drinking habit contributed to the gastrointestinal symptom category, whereas blood lead and smoking contributed to the neuromuscular symptom category. For the total symptoms work duration and smoking habit contributed significantly.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제30B권12호
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• pp.67-72
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• 1993

An adaptive block truncation coding(BTC) using human visual system(HVS) is proposed. To reduce visible blocking effect at sensitive area in HVS. a new category classification coefficient is proposed. The categroy classification coefficient was derived by combining the modified HVS and standard deviation. By computer simulations, we showed that the proposed method reduced blocking effect at low bit rate coding more than the conventional Hui's method.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2000

The purpose of the paper is to show that in the Fraenkel-Mostowski topos, the category of the Boolean algebras has enough injectives.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.341-346
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• 2010

Category $E({\Omega},A)$ forms a topos. We study on some properties of the topos $E({\Omega},A)$. In particular, we show that $E({\Omega},A)$ is well-pointed.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2008

In Korea, the quality control(QC) program forcytopathology was introduced in 1995. The program consists of a checklist for the cytolopathology departments, analysis data on all the participating institutions' QC data, including the annual data on cytologic examinations, the distribution of the gynecological cytologic diagnoses, as based on The Bethesda System 2001, and the data on cytologic-histolgical correlation of the gynecological field, and an evaluation for diagnostic accuracy. The diagnostic accuracy program has been performed 3 times per year with using gynecological, body fluid and fine needle aspiration cytologic slides. We report here on the institutional QC data and the evaluation for diagnostic accuracy since 2004, and also on the new strategy for quality control and assurance in the cytologic field. The diagnostic accuracy results of both the participating institutions and the QC committee were as follows; Category 0 and A: about 94%, Category B: 4-5%, Category C: less than 2%. As a whole, the cytologic daignostic accuracy is relatively satisfactory. In 2008, on site evaluation for pathology and cytology laboratories, as based on the "Quality Assurance Program for Pathology Services" is now going on, and a new method using virtual slides or image files for determining the diagnostic accuracy will be performed in November 2008.