• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.353-358
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• 2013

To develop preferential CO oxidation reaction (PROX) catalyst for small scale hydrogen generation system, supported Pt catalysts have been applied for the target reaction. The supports were systematically changed to optimize supported Pt catalysts. $Pt/Al_2O_3$ catalyst showed the highest CO conversion among the catalysts tested in this study. This is due to easier reducibility, the highest dispersion, and smallest particle diameter of $Pt/Al_2O_3$. It has been found that the catalytic performance of supported Pt catalysts for PROX depends strongly on the reduction property and depends partly on the Pt dispersion of supported Pt catalysts. Thus, $Pt/Al_2O_3$ can be a promising catalyst for PROX for small scale hydrogen generation system.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.431-439
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• 2006

Catalytic oxidation of benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) using regenerated metal oxide catalysts (ZnO-CuO, NiO, $Fe_2O_3$, ZnO, CrO) were investigated in a fixed bed flow reactor to evaluate their feasibility for the purpose of removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Four kinds of pre-treatment methods such as gas (air and hydrogen), acid aqueous solution, alkali aqueous solution and cleaning agent were used to find out the optimal regeneration conditions. The physico-chemical properties of the used and regenerated catalysts were characterized by BET and TPR (Temperature Programmed Reduction). The used catalysts showed high conversion ratio and the catalytic ability of toluene oxidation was in the order of ZnO-CuO>$Fe_2O_3$>NiO>ZnO>CrO. We found that the acid aqueous pre-treatment (0.1 N HNO$_3$) was the best way to enhance the catalytic activity of $Fe_2O_3$. In addition, air and hydrogen gas treatment were optimal for NiO and ZnO-CuO catalysts, respectively. Furthermore, the decomposition of BTX depends on the type of a catalyst and a gas molecule.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.97.2-97.2
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• 2011

Pt-Ru and Pt-Ni bimetallic catalysts were prepared and tested for heavy hydrocarbon reforming. Metals were supported on CGO($Ce_{0.8}Gd_{0.2}O_{2.0-x}$) by incipient wetness method. The prepared catalysts were characterized by Temperature programmed reduction(TPR). Oxidative steam reforming of n-dodecane was conducted to compare the activity of the catalysts. The reforming temperature was varied from $500^{\circ}C$ to $800^{\circ}C$ at fixed $O_2$/C of 0.3, $H_2O$/C of 3.0 and GHSV of 5,000/h.Reduction peaks of metal oxide, surface CGO and bulk CGO were detected. Reduction temperature of metal oxide decreased over the bi-metallic catalysts. It is considered that interaction between metals leads to decrease interaction between metal and oxygen. On the other hands, reduction temperatures of surface CGO were dectected in the order of Pt-Ru > Pt-Ni > Pt. low reduction temperatures of surface CGO indicates the low activation energy for oxygen ion conduction to metal. Oxygen ion conduction is known as de-coking mechanism of ionic conducting supports such as CGO. In activity test, fuel conversion was in the same order of Pt-Ru > Pt-Ni > Pt. Especially, 100% of fuel conversion was obtained over Pt-Ru catalysts at $500^{\circ}C$.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.373-381
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• 2006

The catalytic combustion of toluene was investigated on the Cu-Mn oxide catalysts prepared by the deposition-precipitation method. Experiment of toluene combustion was performed with a fixed bed flow reactor in the temperature range of $100{\sim}280^{\circ}C$. Among the catalysts, 1.29Cu/Mn showed the most activity at $260^{\circ}C$. The deposition-precipitation method may be showed the potential to enhance the activity of catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by BET, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. On the basis of catalyst characterization data, the results showed that the surface of catalysts by deposition-precipitation method had uniform distribution and smaller particle size, which enhanced the reduction capability of catalysts. The XRD results showed that $Cu_{1.5}Mn_{1.5}O_{4}$ spinel phase was made by deposition-precipitation method, and increased catalyst activity and redox characteristic. It was assumed that the reduction step of $Cu_{1.5}Mn_{1.5}O_{4}$ spinel phase progressed $Cu_{1.5}Mn_{1.5}O_{4}\;to\;CuMnO_{2},\;and\;Cu_{2}O\;to\;CuMn_{2}O_{4}\;and\;Cu$.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.379-386
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• 2011

Catalyst-assisted plasma system with a DBD (Dielectric Barrier Discharge) reactor was used to remove hydrogen sulfide, which is one of the odorous species in this study. The ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ and ${\beta}$-Zeolite catalysts impregnated by Ag, Cu and Mn species were employed as catalysts and their $H_2S$ removal characteristics under plasma irradiation were investigated. From the experimental study, we found that the $H_2S$ removal efficiency increases with decreasing space velocity in the system and increasing specific input energy. Furthermore, ${\beta}$-Zeolite catalysts are efficient to remove $H_2S$ than ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ catalysts. Especially, the catalysts impregnated by Ag have higher removal efficiency than other catalysts (Cu, Mn).

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2000년도 제18회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.145-145
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• 2000

M-CeO2 (M : noble metal) catalysts have been widely studied as three-way catalysts and methanol synthesis catalysts. Ceria is thought to play a number of roles in these catalysts. The Ce(IV)/Ce(III) redox pair may store/release gases under oxidizing/reducing conditions, extending the operational window. Additionally, metal-ceria interactions lead to several effects, including the dispersion of the active components and promoting the activation of molecules such as CO or NO. Pd is a promising component to current TWC formulations and behaves particularly well when compared with Pt and Rh-based catalysts for low-temperature oxidation of Co and hydrocarbon. However the effect of Pd-ceria interactions on the physicochemical properties of Pd and the redox properties of Ce is not elucidated yet. In order to know exactly about the metal-ceria interactions, the model study are expecting to give a better environment, resulting in the wide use of the surface science tools. The substrate was Si(100) wafer, on which Ta metal was sputtered as a thickness of 100nm. The CeO2 thin film of 30nm was deposited by using the magnetron sputtering. Spin coating and magnetron sputtering methods were used to make the Pd thin film layer. The prepared sample was investigated by in-situ XPS, AES, SEM and AFM analysis.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.122-130
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• 2014

Attrition characteristics of WGS catalysts for pre-combustion $ CO_2$ capture were investigated to check attrition loss of those catalysts, to check change of particle size distribution during attrition tests, and to determine solid circulation direction of WGS catalysts in a SEWGS system. The cumulative attrition losses of two catalysts increased with increasing time. However, attrition loss under humidified condition was lower than that under non-humidified condition case for long-term attrition tests. Between two catalysts, attrition loss of PC-29 catalyst was higher than that of commercial catalyst for long-term attrition tests. However, the commercial catalyst generated much more fines than PC-29 catalyst during attrition. Therefore, we conclude that the PC-29 catalyst is more suitable for fluidized bed operation if we take into account the separation efficiency of cyclone. Based on the results from the tests for the effect of humidity on the attrition loss, we selected solid circulation direction from SEWGS reactor to regeneration reactor because the SEWGS reactor contains more water vapor than regeneration reactor.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.105-119
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• 2023

The electrochemical chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is an important electrochemical reaction and has been widely used in chlor-alkali electrolysis, on-site generation of ClO^-, and Cl₂-mediated electrosynthesis. Although precious metal-based mixed metal oxides (MMOs) have been used as CER catalysts for more than half a century, they intrinsically suffer from a selectivity problem between the CER and parasitic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Hence, the design of selective CER electrocatalysts is critically important. In this review, we provide an overview of the fundamental issues related to the electrocatalysis of the CER and design strategies for selective CER electrocatalysts. We present experimental and theoretical methods for assessing the active sites of MMO catalysts and the origin of the scaling relationship between the CER and the OER. We discuss kinetic analysis methods to understand the kinetics and mechanisms of CER. Next, we summarize the design strategies for new CER electrocatalysts that can enhance the reactivity of MMO-based catalysts and overcome their scaling relationship, which include the doping of MMO catalysts with foreign metals and the development of non-precious metal-based catalysts and atomically dispersed metal catalysts.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.799-807
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• 2006

The catalytic activity of $Pt/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ catalysts for the oxidation of toluene and toluene+xylene mixture was investigated in the microreactor of fixed-bed type. The calcination temperatures and loadings of $Pt/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ catalysts played the important role in the activity of catalysts for the oxidation of toluene. The increasing calcination temperatures and loadings of $Pt/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ catalysts increased the crystallite size of the platinum to result in the higher oxidation activity of catalysts. The catalytic activity for the toluene oxidation over $Pt/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ catalysts turned out to be increasing in the order of $500^{\circ}C\;<\;800^{\circ}C<600^{\circ}C\;<\;700^{\circ}C$ for calcination temperatures and 0.1 wt% < 0.3 wt% < 1.0 wt% for platinum loadings, respectively. The 1.0 wt% $Pt/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ catalysts calcined at $700^{\circ}C$ for 3 hrs in the air showed the highest activity for the oxidation of the toluene. The decrease of oxidation activity of $Pt/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ catalysts calcined at $800^{\circ}C$ might result from the decrease of active sites by sintering of platinum metals as well as ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ supports. The 1.0wt% $Pt/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ catalyst showed the activity from the lower temperature at $120^{\circ}C$, reached the light-off temperature ($T_{50%}$) at $180^{\circ}C$, and leveled off its activity at $340^{\circ}C$ with the conversion of 100% 'Mutual promotion' effects were observed for the binary mixture of toluene and xylene. The activity of the easy-to-oxidize toluene was slightly increased with the existence of the xylene. It might suggest the different mechanism for the oxidation of toluene and xylene on the $Pt/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ catalysts on different sites, and its reaction of gaseous oxygen.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.6575-6580
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• 2013

가혹한 조건에서도 사용할 수 있도록 촉매의 강도세기를 증진시키기 위해 다양하게 촉매를 개질하였다. SCR촉매는 바인더와 분산제를 이용하여 개질하였으며 고정층반응기에서 실험하였다. 개질된 촉매에 대한 수소이용정도, 암모니아 흡착정도를 FT-IR과 $H_2$-TPR을 이용하여 측정하였다. 2.3g의 바인더, 4.7g의 에탄올 그리고 0.1g의 분산제가 SCR촉매에 적절하게 침지된 경우 촉매 강도세기에 있어 약 12%의 증가가 있었다. 그러나 촉매의 강도세기가 증가하는 것에 반해 SCR촉매의 효율은 2~10% 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 바인더, 분산제, $SiO_2$용액으로 구성된 혼합용액을 촉매에 침지시킬 경우, 촉매의 질소산화물 전환율은 다소 감소하였다. 이는 SCR 반응에 있어 활성점 역할을 하는 Bronsted 산점과 Lewis 산점이 $SiO_2$에 의해 감소하기 때문인 것으로 판단된다.