• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.481-485
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• 2011

본 실험에서는 지황의 주요성분인 catalpol의 함량 및 항산화 특성을 비교하였다. 실험에 사용한 지황은 고강, 수원 10호, 수원11호, 지황1호, 고려지황이었으며 수분함량은 각각 77.6, 77.4, 78.4, 75.8, 78.1%를 나타내었다(p<0.05). Catalpol은 표준품을 사용하였으며, 동결건조 한 고강, 수원 10호, 수원11호, 지황1호, 고려의 catalpol 함량은 각각 108.15, 84.21, 85.21, 85.59, 144.88 mg/g으로, 고려지황의 catalpol 함량이 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 총 phenol은 각각 0.446, 0364, 0.358, 0.440, 0.459 mg/g, $IC_{50}$으로 계산된 DPPH radical 소거능은 각각 240.6, 270.2, 355.7, 245.3, 205.8 mg/g, hydroxyl radical 소거능은 각각 46.7, 67.4, 63.5, 44.8, 38.8 mg/g을 나타내었다. 항산화 활성에서는 고려지황이 가장 좋은 것으로 사료된다. 또한 지황의 유효성분 및 항산화성이 좋은 고려지황을 이용하여 기능성식품 및 의약품으로의 개발이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.501-507
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• 2011

This experiment was carried out in order to collect the basic data on the standardization of the manufacturing process of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. var. purpurea Makino drying. By the drying methods of R. glutinosa, the content of water, inorganic components, reducing sugar, catalpol and benzo[${\alpha}$]pyrene were investigated. The water content was 15.6~17.2% when R. glutinosa was dried by cold-warm air moisture absorption drying method (CAMAD) at $60^{\circ}C$ during 6 days. Among of the inorganic components of R. glutinosa the K content was the most followed by P, Na, Ca and Mg. The reducing sugar content of R. glutinosa by the hot air drying method (HAD) was much more than that by the CAMAD. The catalpol content of R. glutinosa was not different by the drying temperature when it was dried by the CAMAD. The catalpol content of the large size tuber (about 50.0 g/unit) showed a tendency to increase from $60^{\circ}C$ until $70^{\circ}C$ drying temperature, but that of the small size tuber(about 4.0 g/unit) was decreased as being a trend as the drying temperature high when R. glutinosa was dried by the HAD, But the catalpol content R. glutinosa had a tendency to drop significantly at drying temperature above $80^{\circ}C$. The benzo[${\alpha}$]pyrene content was little detected when R. glutinosa was dried by both the SLD and the CAMAD, and the sampling by the HAD indicated within the scope of 5 ${\mu}g/kg$ which was the scope to regulate by Korean food and drug administration. In conclusion, it seemed that an appropriate drying temperature of R. glutinosa by the CAMAD and the HAD was about $60^{\circ}C$ and about $70^{\circ}C$, respectively, when we consider the catalpol content and benzo[${\alpha}$]pyrene detection in the manufacturing process of drying R. glutinosa.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2017

Background: Rehmannia glutinosa is a perennial herb belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae. Its root has been utilized as a traditional medicine but the aerial parts (flower, flower stalk, leaf) are not used. We aimed to determine the content of three compounds [aucubin, catalpol, and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA)] in the different organs of R. glutinosa cultivars (Dakang, Tokang, and Suwon 9) Methods and Results: The flower, flower stalk, leaf, and root of R. glutinosa were harvested at the end of August. The aucubin and catalpol contents were analyzed by LC/MS, whereas the GABA content was analyzed by GC/MS. The aucubin content was the highest in the leaf, while catalpol and GABA were the highest in the flower. The aucubin contents of leaf in Dakang, Tokang, and Suwon 9 were 1.43, 0.81, and 1.07 mg/g, respectively. The catalpol contents of flower in Dakang, Tokang, and Suwon 9 were 41.06, 28.78, and 37.48 mg/g, respectively, the GABA contents were 0.79, 0.76, and 0.65 mg/g, respectively. Conclusions: The aucubin, catalpol, and GABA contents were higher in the leaf and flower than that in the root. This study show that R. glutinosa leaf and flower can be used as a potential supplement.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.559-564
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• 2018

Rehmannia glutinosa root (R. root) has been used as an traditional medicine, and is important resource for natural medicines and functional foods. However, R. root contains catalpol which is bitter, and undigested sugars, including stachyose and raffinose, which can cause diarrhea. Therefore, this study was performed to identify the changes in reducing sugar from undigested sugars and in catalpol contents in R. root slurry induced by aging treatments. R. root slurry was treated at $10{\sim}70^{\circ}C$ for up to 72 hr; and extracted with a 50% ethanol solution. The catalpol content was analyzed using HPLC-UVD. Reducing sugar content generated from undigested sugars was measured by the Nelson-Somogyi methods, and the reaction rates were calculated from their variation according to aging time and temperature. During the aging treatment, reducing sugar increased and catalpol decreased. Their formation and degradation rates were highest at $50^{\circ}C$ and $30{\sim}40^{\circ}C$, and their rates were $2.05mg/g{\cdot}hr$ and 23.09 to 23.33%/hr, respectively. These results indicated that aging treatment can positively affect the sweetness and digestibility of R. root slurry. Therefore, an aging treatment could be considered for improving the taste and digestibility of R. root.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.205-209
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• 1999

지황 (Rehmannia glutinosa) 우량종묘 생산을 위하여 조직배양에 의해 생산된 종묘의 포장수량성을 평가하고 지표성분인 Catalpol과 유리당 함량 특성을 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 조직배양주의 종근저장성은 재래종에 비하여 약간 양호한 경향이었다. 또한 근장, 근경 등의 뿌리생육이 왕성하여 조직배양주의 수량성은 서천재래종 384kg/10 a에 비하여 1년차 묘는 112%, 2년차 묘는 246%까지 증수되는 결과를 보였다. 성분함량 특성비교에서는 총당함량이 서천재래 1.86%에 비하여 조직배양 1, 2년차 묘는 각각 1.21, 1.10%를 보였고, 지표성분인 Catalpol도 서천재래 0.46%에 비하여 조직배양 1, 2년차묘는 0.4%로 약간 감소되는 경향이었다. 이상의 결과에서 지황 조직배양주의 수량성은 재래종에 비하여 증수되는 특성을 보였다. 그러나 유리당과 Catalpol 함량은 약간 감소되는 경향이었는데 모본식물과 큰 차이를 보이지는 않았다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.146-151
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• 2017

Background: Rehmannia glutinosa is a perennial herb belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae. Its roots have been utilized as a traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to elucidate the basic information of the roots of the R. glutinosa cultivars and their utilization. Methods and Results: The roots of R. glutinosa cultivars were harvested in the end of March. The two iridoid glycosides, aucubin and catalpol, were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), whereas ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid (GABA) was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The aucubin content was the highest in the Dakang cultivar, whereas no aucubin was detected in the five cultivars. All cultivars had more than 12 mg/g catalpol content, and the maximum catalpol content was found in Jihwang 1. The GABA content was the highest in Suwon 1, and it was 40 times more than that in the Yeongang cultivar. Conclusions: The highest aucubin, catapol and GABA contents were detected in the Dakang, Jihwang 1, and Suwon 1, cultivars respectively. This study provides the crucial information regarding the versatile utilization and pedigree selection of R. glutinosa cultivars.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.482-489
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• 2018

Background: This study was carried out to determine the physicochemical components of Rehmannia glutinosa (RG) fermented with Rhizopus delemar. Methods and Results: Physicochemical components such as changes in moisture content, pH value, total acidity, amount of reducing sugars as well as quantity of free sugars, free amino acids, and catalpol were investigated. Result showed that, the moisture content ranged from 64.26 to 65.51%. The pH and total acidity of the fermented RG decreased significantly during fermentation. The reducing sugar content ranged from 0.10 to 1.34%. The most abundant main free sugars were identified as raffinose, xylose, glucose, fructose, and sucrose. The sucrose content in 80% ethanol and in water extracts increased during RG fermentation. In total, 26 free amino acids were detected, including seven essential amino acids. In addition, the quantity of free amino acids decreased significantly during fermentation. Finally, the catalpol content of the fermented RG was highest on the $2^{nd}$ day of fermentation at 2,028.67 mg/ 100 g. Conclusions: These results indicated that fermentation of Rhizopus delemar could be used to enhance biological activity, and that fermented RG could be used as a functional material and as an edible resource in food and functional materials industries.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 1989

지황(地黃)의 수량증대(收量增大)와 품질향상(品質向上)을 위한 합리적(合理的)인 시비법(施肥法)을 정립(定立)하기 위하여 삼요소(三要素) 시비량(施肥量)이 지황근경(地黃根莖)의 수량(收量) 및 유효성분함량(有效成分含量)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하였다. 1. 지황근경(地黃根莖)의 생체(生體) 및 건물수량(乾物收量)은 941~1,494kg/10a와 251~385kg/10a 이었다. 2. 수량(收量)은 질소(窒素) 10kg/10a 이상(以上) 시용(施用)에서 부터 뚜렷한 증가효과(增加效果)가 있었으나, 인산(燐酸)과 가리(加理)의 효과(效果)는 각각(各各) 20kg/10a, 40kg/10a 시용구(施用區)에서만 증수효과(增收效果)가 인정(認定)되었다. 3. Catalpol 함량(含量)은 질소(窒素) 20kg/10a 시용구(施用區)까지 증가(增加)하였으나 그 이상(以上)의 증비효과(增肥效果)는 없었으며 인산(燐酸)과 가리(加理)는 증비효과(增肥效果)는 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 그러나 10a당(當) Catalpol 총(總) 생산량(生産量)은 질소시비량(窒素施肥量) 10kg/10a 이상(以上)에서 부터 크게 증가(增加)하였다. 4. Fructose함량(含量)은 질소(窒素) 20kg/10a 시용구(施用區)부터 감소(減少)하였으며, galactose 함량(含量)은 가리시용(加理施用)으로 감소(減少)하였다. 5. 회분함량(灰分含量)은 질소(窒素)의 시용(施用)으로 감소(減少)하였으나, 에탄올 엑기스함량(含量)은 질소시용(窒素施用)으로 증가(增加)하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2007

숙지황의 제조에 미치는 침지용매의 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 건지황을 막걸리와 증류수에 24시간 침지한 후 구증구포하여 숙지황을 제조하면서 증수에 따른 catalpol, 5-HMF, polyphenol, flavonoid, 항산화활성 및 ACE 저해활성 등을 분석하였다. Catalpol 함량은 건지황에서 631.4ppm으로 나타났으며, 증수가 증가할수록 급격히 감소하였고 막걸리 침지는 8증(75.84 ppm)까지, 증류수 침지 처리구는 9증(61.27 ppm)까지만 검출되었다. 5-HMF, 총 폴리페놀, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 증수가 증가할수록 증가하였으며, 5-HMF는 막걸리 침지는 13증(0.40%) 이후에, 증류수 침지 처리구는 11증(0.40%) 이후에 시판 숙지황의 함량과 비슷하였고 총 폴리페놀 함량과 총 플라보노이드 함량은 막걸리와 증류수침지 처리구 모두 14증에서 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 전자공여능은 건지황과 시판 숙지황 모두 1 mg/mL의 농도에서 각각 19.44 및 52.49%이었으며, 막걸리와 증류수침지 시료 모두 14증에서 각각 66.80 및 75.60%로 증가하였다. 총 항산화력도 처리증수가 증가할수록 증가하였다. ACE 저해활성은 건지황과 시판 숙지황 모두 1 mg/mL의 농도에서 각각 28.70 및 49.37%로 이었으며, 처리증수가 증가할수록 증가하여 막걸리와 증류수침지 시료 모두 10증에서 각각 93.23 및 94.78%로 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2018

Contents of compounds in Rehmanniae Radix change depending on the number of steaming and drying and the drying method. In this study, as an impregnation method for dried Rehmanniae Radix, takju impregnation and cheongju impregnation were carried out and steaming and drying were repeated for 9 times. The changes of 5-HMF and catalpol contents were analyzed according to the number of repetition times to investigate which stage of steaming and drying is preferable. Also, total nitrogen, crude fat, ash, and crude fiber were measured to analyze changes in general components. 5-HMF was not detected in dried Rehmanniae Radix. As a result of repetitive steaming and drying, the content of 5-HMF increased only slightly from 1 to 4-times steaming and drying but increased significantly from 5-times. The catalpol in dried Rehmanniae Radix was not detected after 5 times of steaming and drying. Sucrose, maltose, and glucose were included in dried Rehmanniae Radix before steaming and drying. However, after the process in both Takju impregnation and Cheongju impregnation, galactose and fructose tended to decrease after production and sucrose and glucose tended to decrease after the increase. In this study condition, 6-times and more steaming and drying were appropriate process which met the content criteria (not less than 0.1%) of the Korean Pharmacopoeia (8th edition) for 5-HMF, an index component for quality control of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata.