• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2020

Seasonal changes in the CO₂ fixation rate and water-use efficiency in the leaves of six evergreen and two deciduous broad-leaved tree species on Jeju Island, Korea, were measured using a portable photosynthesis analyzer, to identify which species are most efficient in taking up CO₂ from the air. The CO₂ fixation rate was high in the deciduous species in spring and summer and decreased in fall, whereas it was high in the evergreen species in summer and fall and decreased in winter. The rate remained high in the deciduous tree Prunus yedoensis from spring to fall (> 7.1 μmol CO₂/m₂/s) and in two evergreen trees, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii and Cinnamomum camphora, in summer and fall (7.0 9.9 μmol CO₂/㎡/s). Therefore, these tree species fix atmospheric CO₂ effectively. The water-use efficiency was higher in evergreen species than in deciduous species regardless of the season. Exceptionally, it was high in the deciduous species Zelkova serrata in spring and summer (> 100 μmol CO₂/mol H₂O), suggesting that Z. serrata is a useful tree for dry conditions due to its tolerance of water stress. The regressions of the CO₂ fixation rate versus the evaporation rate and stomatal conductance were linear and non-linear, respectively. This suggests that the stomatal activity of leaves plays an important part in CO₂ fixation of plants. In conclusion, C. cuspidata var. sieboldii, C. camphora, and P. yedoensis should be planted along roads or in urban spaces for the greening of cities and mitigation of CO₂ concentrations in the air.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.165-173
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• 1987

Odong Island, Yeosu, is the one of the Hallyosudo National Marine Park. The vegetation of this island was surveed from July, 1986 through April, 1987. By the Braun-Blanquet's method, the vegetation of Odong Island was classified into 7 communities and 4 afforestations; that is, Pseudosasa japonica community and Phyllostachys bambusoides afforestation (bamboo stands), Mallotus japonicus, Quercus acutissima community, Prunus serrulata var. spontanes and Celtis sinenesis afforestation (deciduous forests), Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii community, Chamaecyparis pisifera afforestation (evergreen needle-leaved forests), and Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii-Camellia japonica and Machilus thunbergii-Camellia japonica community (evergreen broad-leaved forests). Based on the classification, the actual vegetation map of the island was prepared in scale 1:2,600. Judging by the DBH class distribution and many other informations, ww can expect that the coniferous forests area of the island will be replaced by evergreen broad-lea ed forests after a few future.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.208-226
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• 1983

The vegetation of Odongdo island was surveyed over twenty-nine times from April, 1982 to August, 1983. This island is located at 127。46'05'∼127。39'37'E. longitude and 34。40'20'∼34。48'14'N. latitude. The vegetation of this island consisted of 94 families, 261 genera, 314 species, 53 varieties and 6 formae. And among them were 170 species of woody plants and 203 species of herbs. The community of evergreen broad-leaved trees comprised a total of 44 species including Sasa coreana Nakai and camellia japonica L. and the distribution of evergreen broad-leaved trees was good in this island as a whole. Sasa coreana Nakai, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii Nakai, Ficus erecta Thunb., Ficus nipponica Fr. et Sav, Stauntonia hexaphylla (Thunb.) Decne, Cinnamomum japonicum Sieb., Machilus thunbergii S. et Z., Lozoste lancifolia (S. et Z.) Bl., Ilex intergra Thunb., Camellia japonica Thunb., Hedera rhombea Bean and Ardisia japonica Bl. etc. in this island were autochthonous flora and their preservation is required.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.153-173
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• 1988

The structure of vegetation of Mt. Cheomchal, Jindo-gun, Chollanamdo were surveyed from 1985 to 1987. The vascular plants was listed 785 taxa classified into 680 speciesm 1 subspecies, 95 varieties, 9 forma, 484 genera, 139 families, and 42 orders. The floral data showed the ecological characteristics such as the value 1.71 in Pte-Q and N-$D_1-R_5-$e in biological type. Vegetation of Mt. Cheomchal is classified into 8 communities: Quercus salicina community, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii community, Quercus acuta community, and Camellia japonica community as evergreen broad-leaved forest, Quercus variabilis Pinus densiflora community, Carpinus coreana community and Carpinus tschonoskii-quercus variabilis community as deciduous broad-leaved forest, and Pinus densiflora community as pine forest.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.211-221
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• 1982

Tracheophyta produced in this island consisted of 77 families, 180 genera, 214 species, 28 varieties and 1 forma, lauriligonosa of which comprised species and varieties. As in the case of neightboring Nowhado, Bogildo and Choungsando islands, this island was also a supply source of fuel woods consumed mainly in Mokpo and Wando cities during the period of Japanese rule and for about a decade after the liberation of Korea in 1945. Consequently it was once almost deforested, but its restorative proces has successfully taken place for about 25 years and now Pinus thunbergii is distributed dominantly all over the mountains and plains of the island. The forest of the Seonangdang (shrine of a tutelary diety) at Bijari and the windbreak forests at Minari, Maengseonri and Soan High School compound were formed with the old trees of laurilignosa, such as Machilus thunbergii, Machilus japonica, Castanopsis cuspidata and Camellia japonica. These shelter belts were relatively well preserved.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제89권1호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2000

천연도료 황칠자원을 보전하고 육성하기 위한 육종계획의 일환으로 황칠나무 천연임분의 생육환경, 군집구조 등 생태적 특성을 조사한 결과 평균상대중요치(MIV)의 수치가 높은 수종은 동백나무, 구실잣밤나무, 모밀잣밤나무, 서어나무, 붉가시나무, 사스레피나무 등이며, 전 조사지역에 공통적으로 출현한 수종은 동백나무와 사스레피나무 2종이었다. 층위별 황칠나무의 상대중요치는 상층에서 17.2%, 중층 12.9%, 하층 10.3%로 비교적 높은 우점도를 나타내고 있으며, 분포형은 상층, 중층, 하층에서 확률분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 황칠나무 임분은 낙엽활엽수인 서어나무를 우점으로 하는 군집에서 붉가시나무, 모밀잣밤나무, 구실잣밤나무 등의 상록활엽수를 우점으로 하는 군집으로 진행되는 천이단계에 있으며, 황칠나무는 이들 임분에서 주로 상층의 아우점종이거나 중층의 우점종으로 나타났다. 종간의 상관분석에서 황칠나무와 같은 생태적 지위를 갖는 종은 동백나무, 사스레피나무, 서어나무, 생달나무, 광나무, 작살나무, 구실잣밤나무, 가시나무, 보리장나무 등이었다. PD를 이용한 집단간 cluster분석에서 남 서해안지역과 제주지역이 서로 구분되어 이들 집단간 종구성에 있어서 차이가 있으며, ordination분석의 결과와도 일치하였다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.592-613
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• 2013

본 연구는 홍도의 식생구조를 식물사회학적 방법으로 군락을 분류하고, 식생과 토양과의 상관관계를 밝히고자 구배분석을 실시하였다. 홍도의 식생은 구실잣밤나무군락, 붉가시나무군락, 후박나무군락, 소나무군락, 소사나무군락으로 구분되었다. 중요치 분석결과 구실잣밤나무가 75.56%로 가장 높았으며, 소나무 34.84%, 후박나무 29.11%, 동백나무 26.88%, 붉가시나무 17.79%, 황칠나무 15.23%, 광나무 13.41%, 소사나무 12.67% 등의 순으로 나타났다. 토양은 매우 높은 유기물과 질소함량을 보이며 표토층에서 강한 산성토양의 특성을 나타내어 우리나라의 일반 산림토양과는 다른 특성을 가지고 있었다. 유기물함량 14.48~25.45%, 전질소함량 0.49~0.90%, 유효인산함량 26.00~58.68mg/kg, 치환성양이온 $K^+$는 $0.64{\sim}1.64cmol^+/kg$, $Ca^{2+}$는 $6.22{\sim}21.51cmol^+/kg$, $Mg^{2+}$는 $2.92{\sim}6.95cmol^+/kg$, 토양 pH는 4.42~5.44인 것으로 조사되었다. DCCA를 이용한 홍도의 식생과 환경요인과의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 구실잣밤나무 군락이 수분이 가장 많은 곳에 분포하였고, 후박나무군락, 붉가시나무군락 순으로 분포하였다. 후박나무군락이 pH, 치환성양이온 $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$, 양이온치환용량 등이 가장 높은 지역에 분포하였다. 소사나무군락이 소나무군락에 비해 해발고, 전질소, 양이온치환용량, 치환성양이온 $Mg^{2+}$ 등이 높은 지역에 분포하였다.

• 환경생물
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2019

한국에서 습지보호지역인 신안장도습지에서 습지 및 육상 식생을 조사하고 그 변화상을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 출현한 식물군락은 후박나무군락, 구실잣밤나무군락, 후박나무-구실잣밤나무군락의 상록활엽수림과 버드나무군락, 예덕나무군락, 예덕나무-칡군락, 팽나무군락의 낙엽활엽수림, 찔레-장딸기군락의 관목림과 진퍼리새-물억새군락, 물억새-띠군락의 초원 그리고 이대군락의 식재림이었다. 그 중 습지식생(면적의 15%)은 육상식생(85%)보다 매우 좁았다. 이 결과를 과거의 10년 전의 것과 비교해 볼 때 습지성 식물군락이 1/3로 감소하고 그 대신 중성 또는 건성 식물군락의 비율이 증가하였다. 이 지역에서 일어나는 육화천이를 억제하고 고유한 습지식생을 유지하기 위해서는 버드나무군락의 세력의 확장을 적절한 규모 이하로 통제해야 한다. 그리고 이대군락 및 칡과 같은 습지외 식물들의 침입을 제어하는 물리적인 제거 등의 생태적 관리가 필요하다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.132-157
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• 1983

This study was performed to investigated the flora and vegetation of Kokum-do island from July 1982 thru December 1983; and the findings hereof are summarized as follows: The flora investigated thereform comprises 737 species whih are classified into 128 families, 466 genera, 651 species, 79 varieties and 7 formae; and those which are worthy of close attention among the same include such endemic species of Korea as Celtis choseniana, Corylopsis coreana, Carpinus tschonoskii var. eximia and Tricyrtis dilatata, and a few plants, to be distributed in the north, such as Lilium distichum, Girardinia cuspidata and Orostachys sikokianus. Now that the said island belongs to the warm temperate zone, the distribution thereof consists of 120 species of evergreen plants including 74 species of evergreen broadleaf trees. The rich distribution of evergreen broadleaf trees in the island is thanks to the plantation thereof by the public organizations for scenic beauty. The destruction of flora in this island was caused by felling, fire nization and other human activities around 1940, and in particular, has been correlated with the population densiity of Yonhong-do, Sanghwa-do, and Hahwado islets; and that of top soil and ground vegetation in he quarry area of Ojon-ri town resulted from the collection of natural rocks an stones. It is evaluated as necessary that such evergreen broadleaf trees as Castanopsis cuspidata var. thunbergii, Machillus thunbergii and Ligustrum japonicum of Hyongje-do. Chun-do, Tok-do, Taech'wi-do, and Soch'wi-do islets, andPhyllostachys bambusoides, Caesalpinia japonica and Albizzia julibirssin of Kokum-do island, and Machillus thunbergii of Hongryon-ri town be under protection. The average DGN of the whole archipelago proves to be 5.84, which shows the tendency of the inverse proportion to the number of resident population per unit area. The pteridophyta distributed in this island comprises 39 species, and the coefficient of cryptogam as to the destruction of vegetation shows a high value of 1.4 which is regarded as indicating the diversified distribution of pteridophyta, forestbed shade plants under the forestbeds of some wellpreserved lots of this island. The naturalized plants, distributed in this island, were found out comprising a total of 23 species, and the Urbanization Index(UI) as to the destruction degree of natural vegetatioin shows a low value of 20.9.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.159-170
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• 2013

The effect of climate change on urban woody plants remains difficult to predict in urban areas. Depending on its tolerances, a plant species may stay and survive or stay with slowly declining remnant populations under a changing climate. To predict those vulnerabilities on urban woody plants, this study suggests a basic bioclimatic envelop model of heat requirements, cold tolerance, chilling requirements and moisture requirements that are well documented as the 'climatic niche'. Each component of the 'climatic niche' is measured by the warmth index, the absolute minimum temperature, the number of chilling weeks and the water balance. Regarding the utility of the developed model, the selected urban plant's present probabilities are suggested in the future climate of Seoul. Both Korea and Japan's thermal thresholds are considered for a plant's optimal climatic niche. By considering the thermal thresholds of these two regions for the same species, the different responses observed will reflect the plant's 'hardening' process in a rising climate. The model illustrated that the subpolar plants Taxus cuspidata and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica are predicted to have low suitability in Seoul. The temperate plants Zelkova serrata and Pinus densiflora, which have a broad climatic niche, exhibited the highest present probability in the future. The subtropical plants Camellia japonica and Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii may exhibit a modest growth pattern in the late 21C's future climatic period when an appropriate frost management scheme is offered. The model can be used to hypothesize how urban ecosystems could change over time. Moreover, the developed model can be used to establish selection guidelines for urban plants with high levels of climatic adaptability.