• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.117-119
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• 1990

A combination of magnolol or honokiol with lysozyme isolated from the egg white of the Korean Ogol fowl (Korean natural monument No.265) exhibited synergistic effect of bactericidal activity against a typical cariogenic bacterium, Streptococcus mutans OMZ 176. The synergistic ratio increased with time dependence.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.7-10
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• 1991

For the purpose of developing of anticariogenic agents, P-phenylphenol derivatives were synthesized and determined their antibacterial activities against a cariogenic bacterium, Streptococcus mutans. Among synthetic compounds, 2-nitro-6-bromo-p-phenylphenol showed as potent antibacterial activity as magnolol and honokiol.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 1983

The authur surveyed the caries experience of 108 preschool children and collected their five-day dietary data, and evaluated the cariogenicity applied to their diets and discussed the relationship between their caries experience and their diet. The results were as follows: 1. As a frequency of consumption of cariogenic foods by degree of retentiveness, highly retentive foods like sugars and dried fruits had been taken once every 3 days, next highly retentive foods like confections and breads had been taken once everyday, slightly retentive foods like ice-creams and fermented milk also had been taken once everyday, and low retentive foods like soft drinks had been taken once every 6 days. 2. The highest caries experienced children ingested more frequently retentive foods like ice-creams, fermented milk and sugars than the lowest caries experienced children. 3. As a potential cariogenicity, the mean number of cariogenic ingestions in a day was 2.26, the mean retentiveness in a day was 5.93, and the mean cariogenicity score per ingestion in a day was 2.51. 4. The highest caries experienced children had higher values in the mean cariogenic ingestions, the mean retentiveness, and the mean cariogenicity score than the lowest caries experienced children.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.610-627
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to compare the caries activity and cariogenic factors in children in different residence areas. The subjects of the study were 268 kindergarten children who were selected from the downtown area(D), apartment area(A), suburban area(S), and rural area(R) in and around the city of Iksan, Korea. Caries activity was measured as past caries experience (dft index and dfs index) and salivary reductase activity (Resazurin Disc Test scores). Cariogenic factors were investigated by a questionnaire. The results were as follows: Reductase activity S > R > D > A dt index R, S > D, A ft index D - the highest dft index A - the lowest ds index R - the highest fs index D - the highest Toothbrushing frequency A - the highest, R - the lowest Toothbrushing before bed D, A > S, R Toothbrushing by parents S, R > A, D Sweets intake freqeuncy A - the highest, S - the lowest Distance to dental office D < A < S < R Dental treatment experience D - the highest, A - the lowest Flouride application rate D > S > R > A Sealant application rate D > A, S > R Birth order A, S > R, D Age D > S > R, A

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.617-621
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• 1977

In order to comparatively observe the salivary cariogenic factors contributing to permanent tooth caries development in each sexes of Korean, the author performed estimation of unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates, salivary viscosity test, and salivary buffering capacity test in 50 males and 50 females Koreans aged form the age 20 to 29. Thereafter, the data from the four kinds of caries activity test were analysed and evaluated comparatively. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Unstimulated salivary flow rate for five minutes was 2.2ml in males and 1.7ml in females but the sexual difference was not significant statistically. 2. Stimulated salivary flow rate for five minutes was 7.1ml in males and 4.8ml in females. 3. Salivary viscosity was 1.9 in males and 1.7 in females but the sexual diffrence was not significant statistically. 4. Salivary buffering capacity was 8.5 drops in males and 6.7 drops in females 5. It seems the stimulated salivary flow rate and buffering capacity to be the anti-cariogenic factors in the occurrence of permanent tooth caries in Koreans.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to assess the cariogenic potential of five infant formulas in vitro. as compared with 10% sucrose solution and whole bovine milk. Buffering capacities were determined by the amount of 0.1 N lactic acid consumed to titrate the 50ml specimen solutions to pH 4.0. The pH of the specimen solution inoculated by Streptococcus mutans was measured by pH meter and the surface microhardness of primary tooth enamel immersed in the specimen solution was measured by the microhardness tester, before and after 48 hours incubation. Also, the solubility of calcium from synthetic hydroxyapatite was evaluated by atomic absorption spectrophotometer The buffering capacity of infant formulas was higher than that of sucrose solution and lower than that of milk, and there were significant differences among infant formulas(P<0.01). The average pH of infant formulas after 48 hours incubation was lower than that of sucrose solution and milk, and there was significant difference between infant formulas and milk(P<0.05). There were no signifiant differences among oops in the microhardness change of primary tooth enamel and in the amount of dissolved calcium ion from synthetic hydroxyapatite after incubation with Streptococcus mutans. In conclusion, infant formulas seemed to fulfill the basic requirments to cause dental caries in primary teeth, and there were significant differences of cariogenic potential among infant formulas. Cooperative efforts of dentistry and manufacturers to reduce the cariogenic potential of infant formulas would be necessary to prevent the early childhood caries in children.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.146-154
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• 2011

An in vitro study on cariogenic potential of 8 over-the-counter syrups for children was performed. The experimental groups were 8 over-the-counter syrups. The positive control group was 10% sucrose solution, and the negative control group was artificial saliva. The pH of each group was determined. The buffering capacity was measured by the volume of 2 N NaOH adding to equalize the pH of 20 ml of experimental solution to pH 7. The consistency was measured by the time to pass Ostwald pipette for 2 ml of the experimental solution. The experimental solutions were inoculated with S. mutans and cultured in $37^{\circ}C$ anaerobic condition for 48 hours. To estimate acid production, pH of the experimental solutions were measured before and after the culture. The primary teeth specimens were soaked in the experimental solutions for 20 minutes three times a day. Except on those hours the specimens were stored in artificial saliva. After 5 days, the microhardness changes of the specimens were measured. These results show that most of syrup-form medicines for children tend to have cariogenic potential partially in endogenous pH, buffering capacity, consistency, acid production and erosive ability of enamel. For the oral health of children, the alternative sweeteners (ex. xylitol) may be substituted for the cariogenic sweeteners of syrups. Additionally, It may be helpful that the chewable tablet replace liquid or syrup in term of dose form.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.363-369
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• 2018

A salivary testing instrument has an advantage that the method is simple and can be performed in a short time. However, it is necessary to verify the factors that affect the reliability of the result, because the device is easy to use and even saliva collection is simple. The aim of this study was to compare the difference of the test results according to the measurement time in order to analyze the time factor of the external variable among the factors that may affect the measurement results of the salivary testing instrument. The relationship between the measured values of the salivary testing instrument to identify the internal variables was analyzed. Saliva was collected from 20 randomly selected patients regardless of age, sex, or diseases. The mean age was 46.6 years, 10 males and 10 females. The saliva collected was directly measured with the salivary testing instrument as group I. The saliva samples were placed in air in a paper cup for 10 minutes, and then measured as group III. Then group I was remeasured after 30 minutes and assigned as group II. Group III was remeasured after 30 minutes and called as group IV. As a result, all of the cariogenic bacteria, acidity, buffer capacity, blood, leukocyte, protein and ammonia, except buffer capacity, showed statistically significant changes in group II and IV. This means that the reliability of the test results is poor if the measurement time is not observed. Cariogenic bacteria were correlated with leukocyte and protein, buffer capacity was related to acidity, protein, and protein was related to buffer capacity and leukocyte. In conclusion, the result according to the measurement time as the external variable was different, which means that time must be strictly monitored when testing saliva. It is also necessary to take into account the relevance of the correlations between the internal variables and the clinical data.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.49-59
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• 2007

Objectives: This study was designed to understand the oral health fact of high school students, search for an education method and learning goal appropriate for the subjects, and utilize them as basic data to think of effective solutions for oral health care. Methods: The samples to achieve the purpose of this research are composed of 386 students in J industrial high school, OO city, Kyounggido, the number of male students 286, and female students 100. Data were statistically analyzed by frequency analysis, cross tabulation by using SPSS WIN Ver. 12.0. Results: First, The answers in terms of oral symptoms were in the order of 31.8% for gum hurt and bleeding, 31.4% for pain in teeth by drinking or eating hot and cold drinks or food, 27.1% for broken or cracked teeth, 25.7% for aching and throbbing teeth, 20.6% for unpleasant mouth smell, and 5.7% for pain of tongue and soft oral tissues. Second, In terms of behavior for oral health, 88.4% answered that they consume cariogenic snacks, while 29.2% of them, 2.5% of male and 6.3% of female enjoy consuming them but hardly brush their teeth after consumption. Third, In terms of timing for brushing teeth, the results show that 50.0% do so before breakfast, 47.9% after breakfast, 15.2% after lunch, 36.9% after dinner, 65.5% before going to sleep, and 3.5% after consuming snacks, whereas 64.2% answered that they are not aware of fluorine mouthwash. Fourth, In terms of oral health condition. proportion of children with one or more caries in permanent teeth was 71.0%, while 51.4% have $2{\sim}3$ cariogenic teeth, and 16.8% have more than 4 cariogenic teeth. Considering sex, female students have somewhat higher ratio showing 68.5% for male and 78.0% for female, but the ratio was 53.1% for male and 46.7% for female in case of $2{\sim}3$ cariogenic teeth, and 17.5% for male and 15.8% for female in case of more than 4 cariogenic teeth. 9.3% of students turned out to have decayed teeth. Fifth, In terms of oral hygiene condition, only 7.9% of them had excellent condition, and 38.4% need to improve. More specifically, 41.1% of male students and 30.6% of female students need to improve their oral hygiene condition. Conclusions: The study results suggest that School Dental health programs increase and need to be community-incorporated and comprehensive from elementary to high school.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.783-786
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• 2011

Various mushroom extracts were examined for their anti-Streptococcus mutans and anti-glucosyltransferase (GTase) activities. Mushrooms were extracted with chloroform, methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and distilled water. The chloroform, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts showed higher antimicrobial activity than that of the others. The inhibitory effects of the chloroform, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of Lyopyllum ulmarium, which have high anti-microbial and GTase activities, on the growth of S. mutans were examined and the optimal ratio of solvents was also evaluated to investigate the influence of solvents using a simplex centroid design. The anti-cariogenic effects of the L. ulmarium extract on S. mutans was influenced by the solvent, and the optimum anti-cariogenic activity of the extract was obtained with the ratio of chloroform:methanol:ethyl acetate=1:1:1 (v/v/v). These results suggest that solvent selection is an important factor to extract anti-cariogenic materials effectively from mushrooms.