• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.823-827
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• 1971

The auther has made an epidemiological study on the oral examination and oral health in 226 Korea Military Nursing School Students. The following results was obtained: 1. The prevalance rate of dental caries was 71.23%. 2. The prevalance rate of D.M.F. was 45.82%. 3. The tooth health index was 77.87%. 4. The prevalance distribution of dental caries was 63.87% in the mandibular and 36.13% in the maxila. 5. Of examined students, 94.0% was brushing twice per day and 6.0% once per day. 6. Of examined students, 98.2% was using the paste form on dentifrice and tooth brush. 7. Of examined students, 22.1% was ignorant of causes of dental caries.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 1983

An epidemiological survey was carried out to identify the serotypes of Streplococcus mutans isolated from carious lesions of 65 caries-active subjects(CAS) and sound tooth surfaces of 40 caries-free subjects(CFS). The autoclaved antigen extract was performed on each isolate, and then, serotypes of the isolates were determined in agar-gel immunodiffusion test. The results were as follows: 1. S. mutans was found in 78% of the samples of CAS, and of CFS. The difference of isolation frequency between CAS and CFS was not observed. 2. Only one serotype per single subject was detected in 61% of total samples, in remaining 39% of samples two or more serotypes were detected. 3. In 41.2% of CAS samples plural serotypes of S. mutans were found, whereas 35.5% of CFS samples showed plural serotypes distribution. 4. The most frequently identified serotype in each subject was serotype c; 69.5% of subjects harbored serotype c S. mutans. Serotype d was next most frequently isolated from subjects, comprising 23.2%. 5. Serotype c strain was found in 64.7% of CAS, 77.4% of CFS. 6. Of the isolates from CAS and CFS, serotype c was most commonly found, comprising 48.8%, serotype d was found in 16.3%, serotypes f. e, and g comprising 13.2%, 9.3%, and 7.8% respectively. Serotypes a and b were also found but in far lower frequencies(2.3%, 0.8%). 7. Serotype c strains were more found in CFS than in CAS, but serotypes d and e were more found in CAS.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 2019

This study aimed to introduce what Korea national oral health surveys are and examine recent oral health status in Korean children. Korea Government has implemented national oral health-related surveys during the past two decades. The surveys with oral health examination are Korean Children's National Oral Health Survey (KCNOHS) since 2000 in 5-year-old and 12-year-old children and Korea National Hhealth and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) since 2007 aged 1 year and more. KCNOHS provides the information about the distribution of prevalence of dental caries, gingival health, behavioral factors, and dental clinic demands etc. KNHANES has huge amount of health data for representative Korean population including oral health and general conditions. Based on KCNOHS, the prevalence of dental caries and its experience has decreased steadily, and the status of oral hygiene and preventive treatment called sealents has been also improved after the year of 2000. However, there is still a gap to reach to those of Western developed countries. Therefore, more effective oral health policy plans and strategies for Korean children and adolescents are needed to prevent and manage for dental caries in private and clinical field of dentistry with public sector.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.75-89
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• 1984

A total of 141 strains of Streptococcus mutans were isolated from dental plaques of 153 subjects. Eighty-two children with caries-experience, 18 caries-free children and their mothers were participated. All isolates were examined for their serotypes by immunodiffusion method with 7 reference sera and their antibiotic susceptibilities to 7 antibiotics by agar dilution method using 7 kinds of antibiotics, and were compared their results by caries experience (DMFT ratio) and by intrafamilial levels. 1. Isolation rate of Streptococcus mutans were greater in samples of carious teeth than those of sound teeth, and in mothers than in children. 2. Multiple serotypes of Streptococcus mutans were occasionally found in a single samples. 3. Of the total 141 isolates (83 isolates from children, and 58 from their mothers), type c isolates were most prevalent (63.8%). Type d,e and f were found, comprizing 14.9%, 10.6% and 6.4% respectively. Serotype g, a and untypable strain were also found but far lower frequencies (2.8-0.7%), and type b was detected. 4. These results suggest that there are no significant correlation among the distribution of serotypes, antibiotic susceptibilities, caries experience and intrafamilial relationships. 5. Most of isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol (100%), penicillin (95.7%), ampicillin (94.3%), and gentamicin (92.2%), but about one-third isolates were resistant to cephaloridine (27%), streptomycin (33.3%) and kanamycin (47.6%), resulting that 91 strains (64.5%) among 141 isolates were resistant to one or more drugs used. 6. Of the 91 resistant strains, 20 different resistant patterns were observed, and the most frequently encountered patterns were KM, SM and CE.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 1980

6877 children who visited to pedodontic department from 1976 to 1979, were surveyed on the state of dental caries, therapic inclination a year and yearly tendency of treatment. The results were as follows ; 1. The prevalence of dental caries tended to show the increase in general year by year. 2. Girls had higher d.e.f. T. & S. index and D.M.F. T. & S. index than boys generally. 3. Distribution of therapy a year. (1979) Amalgam Filling 4464 Pulpotomy 952 S.P.-Crown 1538 Gold Inlay 250 Space Maintainer 341 Extraction 1313 Orthodontic Appliance 206 4. Tendency of treatment in 1979 (compared with 1976) No. of new patients 87.5% increased Amalgam Filling 50.0% increased Extraction 31.4% increased Orthodontic Appliance 267.9% increased S.P.-Crown 225.8% increased Gold Inlay 27.8% decreased Space Maintainer 2.3% decreased Pulpotomy 20.5% decreased.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.529-538
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• 2002

There is no adverse opinion on the anticariogenic effect of fluoride, so glass ionomer restoration which release the fluoride is recommended fer child patient. To study the anticariogenic effect of initial carious lesion of fluoride released from adjacent glass ionomer restoration, the in situ model was constructed. A microhardness test, polarized scope investigation and electron probe microanalysis was done for analyzing the distribution of fluoride which was precipitated from glass ionomer restoration to the enamel caries lesion. Fuji IX, the conventional glass ionomer, was used for experimental group and Z-100, composite resin that fluoride was not contained, was used for control group. On the microhardness test, the remineralization was accelerated by fluoride. And on the polarized investigation, the size of caries lesion was reduced in the oral cavity and that phenomenon was accelerated by fluoride, too. Electron probe microanalysis shows that the remineralization was accelerated by fluoride and the fluoride concentration on subsurface area was increased. It maybe that the subsurface area was critical to anticariogenic effect. In summary of these result, initial caries lesion can be remineralized in the oral cavity and that phenomenon can be accelerated by fluoride. The subsurface area of caries lesion was a major part of defense to cariogenic invasion and to conserve the subsurface area, the surface of lesion body have to conserved.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.539-554
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• 2002

It has been approximately 40 years since $Br{{\aa}}nemark$ first introduced osseo-integration for implants in the early 1960s. Unlike crown and bridge or denture treatment, implant treatment helps preserve existing bone and improve masticatory functions. Thus, the awareness of implant treatment has grown rapidly among dentists and patients alike in Korea, as it becomes a widely accepted treatment. The following results on patients type and implant distribution were compiled from 1814 implant cases of 640 patients treated at the periodontal dept. of Y University Hospital during 1992 to 2001. 1. There are no dissimilarities between men and women, with patients in their 40,50s accounting for 49% of patients and 56% of implant treatments; the largest share of patients and implant treatments. 2. Mn. posterior area accounted for 59% of implant treatments followed by Mx. posterior area(21%), Mx anterior area(l4%) and Mn anterior area 2%. 3. Partial edentulous patients treated by single crown and bridge-type prosthesis accounted for 98% and fully edentulous patient accounted for the remaining 2% 4. The major cause of tooth loss is periodontal disease, followed by dental caries, trauma and congenital missing. Compared to women, men are more likely to suffer from tooth loss due to periodontal disease. Also, older people are more likely to suffer from tooth loss due to periodontal disease rather than dental caries. 5. The distribution of bone quality for maxillae was 52% for type III, followed by 23% for type II, 20% for type IV and 0% for type I. As for mandible, the distribution was 52% for type II, followed by 37% for type III, 7% for type IV and 4% for type I. 6. The distribution of bone quantity for maxillae was 49% for type C, followed by 34% for type B, 14% for type D, 3% for type A, and 0% for type E. As for mandible, the distribution was 52% for type B, followed by 35% for type C, 6% for type D, 3% for type A and 0% for type E. 7. The majority of implants were those of 10-14mm in length (80%) and regular diameter in width (79%). The results provided us with basic data on patient type, implant distribution, bone condition, etc. We wish that our results coupled with other research data helps assist in the further study for better implant success/survival rates, etc.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.136-144
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the differences in factors related to the incidence of dental caries between children in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas and compared the DMFT and DMFS scores to confirm the effect of water fluoridation program (WFP) in Geoje and Changwon. Methods: The oral health examination and questionnaire survey were conducted in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas. The number of surveyed children aged 8, 10, and 12 years in the fluoridated and non-fluoridated area of two cities was 1,524 and 1,383, respectively. Self-recorded questionnaires included self-perception of their own dental health, daily toothbrushing frequency, intake frequency of cariogenic sweet snacks and beverages, experience of gingival bleeding, experience of unmet dental treatment, and use of oral hygiene device except for toothbrush and toothpaste. The prevalence of caries and fissure-sealant status were surveyed. The logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the difference in children's self-rated oral health status between the fluoridated and non-fluoridated area. The mean number of sealed teeth and surfaces, marginal means of the DMFT and DMFS scores adjusted for the difference in the samples' sex distribution, and region were compared between the fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas. Results: In the fluoridated area, the experience rate of unmet dental treatments was higher among children aged 10 years, intake frequency of cariogenic sweet snacks and beverages were higher among the whole sample, and experience rate of professional fluoride application were lower than in the non-fluoridated area. The DMFT score for permanent dentition adjusted for differences in sex, region, and mean number of fissure-sealed teeth in the fluoridated area was significantly lower among whole samples and 8-, 10-, and 12-year-olds alone than in the non-fluoridated area. Conclusions: WFP can alleviate oral health inequality because it is effective in reducing the incidence of caries among children is disadvantaged demographic, socioeconomic, and cultural contexts.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.819-836
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• 2004

Nowdays, the awareness of implant treatment has grown rapidly among dentists and patients alike in Korea, as it becomes a widely accepted treatment. The reason is that unlike crown and bridge or denture treatment, implant treatment helps preserve existing bone and improve masticatory functions. So, It is needed understanding about the type, distribution of implant patient. The following results on patient type and implant distribution were compiled from 4433 implant cases of 1596 patients treated at the periodontal dept. of Y University Hospital during 1992 to 2004. 1. There are no dissimilarities between men and women, with patients in their 40, 50s accounting for 52.5% of patients and 57.5% of implant treatments; the largest share of patients and implant treatments. 2. Mn. posterior area accounted for 54.9% of implant treatments followed by Mx. posterior area(27.6%), Mx anterior area(11.9%) and Mn anterior area(5.6%). 3. Partial edentulous patients treated by single crown and bridge-type prosthesis accounted for 97.5% and fully edentulous patient accounted for the remaining 2.5%. 4. The major cause of tooth loss is periodontal disease, followed by dental caries, trauma and congenital missing. Also, older people are more likely to suffer from tooth loss due to periodontal disease rather than dental caries. 5. In the distribution of bone quality for maxillae, type III was most, followed by type II, r type IV and r type I. As for mandible, type II was most, followed by type III, type IV and for type I. 6. In the distribution of bone quantity for maxillae, type C was most, followed by type B, type D, type A, and for type E. As for mandible, type B was 52% most, followed by type C, type D, type A and type E. 7. The majority of implants were those of 1O-14mm in length (85.2%) and regular diameter in width (64%). The results provided us with basic data on patient type, implant distribution, bone condition, etc. We wish that our results coupled with other research data helps assist in the further study for better implant success/survival rates, etc.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.117-129
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of demographic characteristics and oral health status on unmet dental needs among preschool children and to provide a basis for improvement of the dental care equality and accessibility using data from the $6^{th}$ National Health and Nutrition Survey. Methods: This study was performed using data collected from the $6^{th}$ National Health and Nutrition Survey. The subjects were 1,472 out of 22,940 people, who participated in the survey and under went oral examination. IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 20.0) was used for statistical analyses based on the complex sampling design. Frequency analysis was performed to determine the distribution of unmet dental needs according to the characteristics of the subjects. The Rao-Scott ${\chi}^2$ test was performed to examine the relationship of unmet dental needs with general characteristics and health- and oral health-related variables. Relevant factors were determined using binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The factors that had statistically significant relations with unmet dental needs included age, medical insurance, household income, limited physical activity, history of dental caries in deciduous teeth, and subjective health status. Logistic regression analysis of complex samples was conducted to determine factors related to unmet dental needs. The results of analysis showed that limited physical activity and history of dental caries in deciduous teeth were related to unmet dental needs. Conclusions: The results show the factors affecting, and the reasons for, the unmet dental needs of preschool children. Future studies are needed to develop national projects and oral health education reforms to address inequalities in preschool children's dental care.