• 대한치과의료관리학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the competency of the Easyperio test, a genetic test method based on real time PCR for the detection of bacteria that cause dental caries and periodontal disease. To verify the validity of this text, various dental health evaluations were administered to 33 boys between the ages of 12 to 14, as this age group commonly experiences dental caries. These evaluations included a dental caries experience survey, a first molar health evaluation, the Dentocult Streptococcus mutans (SM) strip mutans, the Dentocult Lactobacillus spp (LB) test, and the Easyperio test. The correlation coefficients between the level of the Dentocult SM strip mutans and the dental caries experience were DT (R=0.570, p=0.001), DMFT (R=0.376, p=0.031), and first molar health (R=-0.395, p=0.023). The correlation coefficients between the amount of SM in the Easyperio test and dental caries experience were DT (R=0.528, p=0.002), DMFT (R=0.369, p=0.035), and first molar health (R=-0.426, p=0.013). The correlation coefficients between the level of the dentocult SM strip mutans and the SM amounts of the Easyperio test were S.mi (R=0.564 p=0.001) and S.mu (R=0.621, p=0.002). The correlation coefficients between the level of the Dentocult LB test and the SM amount of Easyperio test was S.mi (R=0.495, p=0.003). In conclusion, Easyperio test may be an easy and effective method for the differentiation and diagnosis of dental caries through quantitative and qualitative analysis of oral bacteria.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.357-367
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• 2023

Objectives: The 2018 Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS), conducted by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia showed a high prevalence of dental caries (88.8%) in Indonesia and suggested that smoking tobacco was associated with an increased risk of dental caries. This study analyzed the association between tobacco smoking and dental caries in the Indonesian population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data collected from RISKESDAS 2018. The study population included 35 391 Indonesians aged ≥10 years from all 34 provinces. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index was used to measure dental caries. Smoking status was assessed qualitatively based on smoking activity, and the level of smoking exposure was assessed based on the Brinkman index. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the relationships of smoking status and smoking exposure levels with the DMFT index. Results: Of the population aged ≥10 years, 36% had a DMFT≥8 (females: 37.5%, males: 33.9%). Almost one-fourth (23.4%) were current smokers, and 4.1% were ex-smokers. Furthermore, 26.4% had a Brinkman index ≥400, indicating heavy smoking. According to the multivariate analysis, current smoking status was associated with the risk of DMFT≥8 in males (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.40; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.55; p<0.001) and overall (aOR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.14; p=0.037). In females, ex-smoking was associated with a 41% higher risk of DMFT≥8 (aOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.84; p=0.014). Heavy smoking was associated with a higher risk of DMFT≥8 in males (aOR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.52; p<0.001) and females (aOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.50; p=0.022). Conclusions: Tobacco smoking was associated with dental caries in the Indonesian population.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.531-537
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• 2006

Lactic acid-producing bacteria (LABs) are known to have various beneficial properties for health. However, they are generally considered to have an adverse effect on teeth, since they produce acid. Nonetheless, milk and cheese containing specific LAB strains were recently found to have an inhibitory effect on dental caries in children, with an inhibitory activity towards the growth of Streptococcus mutans suggested as the responsible mechanism. Accordingly, the current study selected a probiotic candidate for oral health and studied its inhibitory mechanism against dental caries. Twenty-two LAB species belonging to eleven genuses were screened for promoting bone nodule formation using direct microscopic examination. Only one isolate, Weissella kimchii strain PL9001, increased the bone nodule formation significantly. The addition of W. kimchii strain PL9001 to bone cells prepared from mouse calvaria increased the bone nodule formation, calcium accumulation, and activity of alkaline phosphatase (the osteoblastic marker). Moreover, W. kimchii strain PL9001 inhibited the invasion of Streptococcus mutans into bone cells, and an organic extract of the culture supernatant of W. kimchii strain PL9001 inhibited the growth of Strep. mutans. Therefore, the results suggest that W. kimchii strain PL9001 can be used as a preventive measure against dental caries. This is the first time that a LAB has been shown to promote bone nodule formation and prevent the invasion of Strep. mutans into bone cells.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.348-352
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• 1998

Different bacteria wwere seperated from saliva and teeth of cariogenic patients and identified by a variety of morphological and biochemical tests. Extracts of green tea strongly inhibited Escherichia coli, Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus mutans. The antibacterial effect of green and black tea extracts were compared with those of amoxicillin, cephradine and eugenol.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.204-219
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• 1997

The use of fluoride is one of the most effective methods for caries prevention. Fluoridation of public water supply has been recognized, for many years, as an effective way to reduce dental caries. The fluoride supplement has been recommended when the natural fluoride was unavailable or below the optimal range. However the mechanism of caries prevention by fluoride has not yet been clarified and it is well known that an overdose of fluoride results inacute and chronic toxicity, especially dental fluorosis. Fluoride mouthrinsing solution is widely used in dentistry due to its effectiveness in carrying anticariogenic action. Understanding the effects of fluoride mouthrinsing solution on human gingival fibroblasts will provide the safety rationale for its use during the caries preventive therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of fluoride mouthrinsing solution on the human gingival fibroblast in vitro. The human gingival fibroblasts were cultured from healthy gingiva on the extracted deciduous teeth of children. Cells were inoculated into a 24-well plate with $1{\times}10^4cells/well$ of medium at $37^{\circ}C$, 100% humidity, 5% $CO_2$ incubator for 24 hours. And the cells were counted by using the hemocytometer at each designed study. Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured in growth medium after one minute application range of 0.02%-0.2% NaF solution and 0.1% $SnF_2$ solution. The cells used in this study were between fifth to eighth passage number. The cell morphology was examined by inverted microscope and cell proliferation was measured by incorporating $[^3H]$-thymidine into DNA. DNA synthesis by human gingival fibroblasts was assessed by $[^3H]$-thymidine uptake assays while the cell activity was measured by MTT assay. Each concentrated fluoride mouthrinsing solution was estimated for its biocompatability with fibroblasts by the tissue culture technique. The results of this study were as follows : 1. It was observed that at 0.05%, 0.2% NaF mouthrinsing solution the cytoplasmic processes became globular. When 0.1% $SnF_2$ mouthrinsing solution was applied, the cytoplasmic process and cell morphology were disappeared. 2. DNA synthetic activity was reduced regardless of the concentration of the fluoride mouthrinsing solution. However, the result is statistically insignificant except 0.1% $SnF_2$ mouthrinsing solution(p<0.05). 3. Our results indicate that 0.02%, 0.05% concentrations of NaF mouthrinsing solution caused minimal cytotoxicity. But 0.2% NaF and 0.1% $SnF_2$ concentration were a significant difference between the cell activity in the experimental group and control group (p<0.05). 4. After appling 0.05% & 0.02% NaF fluoride mouthrinsing solution, cell activity was restored to the control groups level according to incubating time. The results suggest that direct exposure to fluoride solution inhibits gingival fibroblast activity. Therefore, for the most effective use of fluoride use, lowering the concentration of fluoride mouthrinsing is advisable because it maintains biocompatability and free ion in the oral fluid.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2010

단삼(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge)은 우리나라에서 전통적으로 부종, 관절염, 간염 등과 같은 염증질환의 치료에 사용해왔다. 본 연구에서는 단삼 메탄올 추출물을 이용하여 구강미생물에 대한 항균활성을 확인하였다. 그 결과 메탄올추출물은 실험 되어진 모든 구강미생물에서 강한 항균활성을 나타내었다(MICs, 8 to $64\;{\mu}g/mL$; MBCs, 16 to $64\;{\mu}g/mL$). 추가적으로 ampicillin이나 gentamicin과의 병용투여서 최소억제농도(MIC)와 최소살균농도(MBC)가 감소하는 병용효과를 나타내었다. 더불어 메탄올추출물 단독 사용시 보다 항생제와 병용투여시 빠른 사멸효과를 보였다. 결론적으로 단삼 메탄올추출물이 치아우식을 유발하는 많은 세균들에 대한 항균효과가 뛰어남을 확인 할 수 있었으며, 안정성이 높은 천연 치아우식예방제로서의 개발가능성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.210-215
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• 2018

Objectives: The main objectives of this study were to verify the antibacterial activity of two essential oils, lavender and peppermint, against dental caries and to review their synergistic effect when used in combination. Our results provide basic data for the evaluation of the use of these two substances towards the prevention and cure of dental caries. Methods: The sample solutions of lavender and peppermint oils were prepared in three different concentrations (30%, 50%, and 70% (v/v)) by diluting them with third-distilled water and Tween 20. Streptococcus mutans was selected as the bacterial species for testing. The disk diffusion method was used to measure the antibacterial activity of the sample solutions. For generating growth curves and measuring the number of clusters of the bacterial, the liquid medium-dilution method was used; the absorbance of the medium was measured at 600 nm after 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours. Results: When the antibacterial activity of the oils was tested via the disk diffusion method, the activity improved with increasing concentrations of all the sample solutions of peppermint, lavender, and the blend, but there was no significant difference between them with respect to the type of oil. In the growth curves of S. mutans, growth inhibition was observed after 12 hours. The inhibitory effect of 30% lavender oil on growth was 64.9% and 80.1% after 12 and 24 hours of treatment, respectively whereas that of peppermint oil was 71.3% and 80.1% after 12 and 24 hours of treatment, respectively. The inhibitory effect of the blended oil was 71.9% and 81.0% after 12 and 24 hours of treatment, respectively. Conclusions: Further research is still required in order to determine the efficacy of lavender and peppermint oils, as well as other essential oils, for wider use in preventing dental caries.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.671-676
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• 2008

치아 우식증은 감염성 질환의 하나로 치아우식의 원인균은 Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans)와 같은 mutans steptococci로 알려져 있다. S. mutans가 치면에 접착하여 군집을 형성하는 능력은 균독성에 중요한 역할을 하는데, AgI/II와 같은 세포 표면의 섬유성 단백질을 매개로 한다. Secretory IgA는 타액이나 누.비액, 초유, 그리고 폐나 소화기관의 분비액에서 선택적으로 다량 발견되는데 타액에서 secretory IgA는 S. mutans의 대사활동을 억제하고 치면으로의 부착을 방해한다. 이전의 몇몇 연구에서 S. mutans에 특이적인 타액 내 IgA와 우식경험도는 역상관관계를 보인다고 발표하였다. 그러나 다른 연구에서 통계적 유의성이 없다고 보고하기도 하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 소아, 성인의 치아우식증과 S. mutans의 AgI/II에 특이적인 타액 내 IgA와의 관계를 알기위한 것이다. 이를 위해 소아(평균6세) 28명, 성인(20-30세) 18명을 대상으로 Group Ⅰ(deft index ${\leq}$ 3), Group II(deft index ${\geq}$ 4), Group III(DMFT index ${\leq}$ 3), Group IV(DMFT index ${\geq}$ 4)로 분류하였다. 그리고 caries resistant group(CR group, deft or DMFT index ${\leq}$ 3)과 caries susceptible group(CS group, deft or DMFT index ${\geq}$ 4)으로 분류하였다. S. mutans 수와 우식경험도 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 나타냈다. AgI/II 특이 salivary IgA titer는 Group III이 Group II보다 통계적으로 유의하게 더 컸으며, CR group이 CS group보다 유의하게 크게 나타났다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제50권9호
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• pp.552-557
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• 2012

Bamboo salt is a special processed salt by Korean traditional recipe. Recent study results showed that bamboo salt or bamboo salt with some other materials like herbal extracts have the anti-microbial activity, inhibition effects of dental plaque and gingival inflammation. Bamboo salt also showed anti-cariogenic effects; remineralization and acid resistance. Compare to fluoride toothpaste, bomboo salt toothpaste with fluoride showed the more effective remineralization on inner part of the early dental caries lesion. It increased the surface hardness and decreased lesion depth of early dental caries lesion. Thus, it is suggested thai bamboo salt could be used as a anti-microbial, anti-plaque, anti-inflammatory and anti-cariogenic material for oral disease prevention. Especially, bamboo salt dentifrice with fluoride can be recommanded as a useful remineralizing agent.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.417-426
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• 2016

Objectives: The objective of the study was to investigate the related factors of preventive behavior experience toward dental caries and periodontal disease in Korean adolescents. Methods: The study subjects were 72,060 adolescents in 800 schools who completed 2014 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based survey. Dependent variables included general characteristics of the subjects, oral health behavior, and oral disease experience. The experience rate of sealant and scaling showed the prevention behavior of dental caries and periodontal disease. Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS statistics 20.0. Results: The experience rate of sealant accounted for 26.9%. The experience of sealant was related with gender, school, maternal education level, economic status, vigorous physical activity, smoking, usual stress, fruit consumption, milk consumption, soda consumption, snack consumption, tooth brushing, oral health education experience, periodontal bleeding and pain, mucosal disorders, and bad breath. The experience rate of scaling was 22.6%. The experience of scaling was related with gender, school, city division, learning achievement, maternal education level, economic status, residential type, vigorous physical activity, usual stress, fruit consumption, milk consumption, tooth brushing, oral health education experience, periodontal bleeding and pain, mucosal disorders, and bad breath. Conclusions: To expand preventive oral health behavior in the adolescents, it is necessary to support the systematic policy making and monetary establishment in the future.