• Title/Summary/Keyword: Caregiver burden

검색결과 192건 처리시간 0.028초

VR 기반의 상지 재활 훈련용 멀티플레이 콘텐츠 (Multi-player Contents for Upper Limb Rehabilitation based on VR)

  • 신성욱;이혁민;문호상;정성택
    • 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.115-120
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    • 2019
  • 뇌졸중 후 편마비(Hemiplegic) 환자들의 상지기능 저하는 손을 많이 쓰는 일상생활 수행에 있어서 신체적 동작뿐만 아니라 심리적인 불편함이 매우 크다. 본 논문에서는 편마비 환자들의 상지기능 개선을 위하여 자체 제작한 상지 재활 보조장치를 이용하였다. 이 장치는 팔이 움직일 수 있는 관절가동범위(Range Of Motion)와 손의 악력 크기를 사용하여 훈련 콘텐츠를 수행할 수 있다. 이 장치를 이용한 훈련 콘텐츠는 환자의 흥미와 능동적인 참여를 유도하기 위해 VR(Virtual Reality)로 구현되었으며, 환자 혼자서 훈련하는 심리적 부담을 덜어주기 위해 멀티플레이 환경으로 구성하여 환자의 재활훈련에 간병인이 함께 참여할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 연구에서 제작된 장치와 훈련 콘텐츠를 사용하여 손의 악력 크기와 팔의 관절가동범위의 변화를 정량적으로 측정하고 시각적으로 보여줌으로써 환자나 간병인이 쉽게 상지기능 개선정도를 확인할 수 있는 장점이 있다.

암환자 가족원의 우울에 대한 영향요인 (Factors Influencing Depression of the Cancer Patient's Family Caregivers)

  • 홍민주;김영숙;방부경;김익지
    • 보건의료산업학회지
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.163-172
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    • 2019
  • Objectives: With the rapidly increasing incidence of cancer worldwide, it has become important for health care professionals to both provide care for cancer patients and to address the challenges faced by family caregivers of cancer patients. This study aims to identify the factors affecting depression among cancer patients' family caregivers. The results of this study suggest the need to propose programs for family caregivers as well as cancer patients. Methods: Participants were 219 caregivers who were informed of the study purpose and agreed to participate. Data were analyzed using t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple stepwise regression with the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: The mean score for depression among cancer patients' family caregivers was $1.57{\pm}.40$ (range: 0-3). Depression was significantly different based on age, relationship with the patient, education, occupation, cancer recurrence, care days per week, financial burden, site of cancer, and health status. Analysis using multiple regression showed that model 1 showed 16% of the factors predicting depression among cancer patients' family caregivers (F=6.16, p<.001) including occupation, recurrence, and health status of the caregiver. Model 3, which included additional burnout, showed 37% of the factors predicting depression (F=12.36, p<.001). Conclusions: These results suggest that it is necessary to develop programs for prevention and management of depression among cancer patients' family caregivers.

치매 환자의 행동심리 증상완화를 위한 가상현실 프로그램의 효과 (Effect of Virtual Reality Program for Alleviating Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia Patients)

  • 박선민;최승이;김정희
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제52권2호
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    • pp.121-133
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: This study examined the impact of a virtual reality intervention program based on psychological needs on behavioral and psychological symptoms, apathy, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment living in nursing facilities. Methods: This study is nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design of quasi-experimental study. The study collected data from November 18, 2020 to July 24, 2021 from patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group) at three nursing facilities in G city using self-reporting and caregiver-informant reporting methods. The analysis employed the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, paired t-test, independent t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney U, repeated measures ANOVA, GEE, using SPSS/WIN 27.0. Results: The severity of behavioral and psychological symptoms (Wald 𝛘2 = 2.68, p = .102) and the care burden of caregivers (Wald 𝛘2 = 1.72, p = .190) were not significant and was no significant time and group interaction effect (Wald 𝛘2 = 0.63, p = .426, Wald 𝛘2 = 0.52, p =. 471). The difference in apathy and QOL score were statistically significant for the group-time interaction (F = 43.65, p < .001; F = 4.35, p = .041). Conclusion: The virtual reality intervention program of this study shows a positive effect on the apathy reduction and QOL of patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment residing in nursing facilities.

만성 재가 기동장애자의 가정병실 모델 개발을 위한 현장 연구 (A Ethnographic Field Study for a Model Development of the Chronic Bed-ridden Patient s Home-ward)

  • 김태연;정연강
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.597-615
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    • 1994
  • This study is designed to facilitate the creation of home environment conducive to the family taking care of chronic bed-ridden patients with more effective method. The need for this study has emerged against the background of marked changes in the structure of ailments and causes of death, resulting in the number and plights of chronic bed-ridden patients as well as of a rapid increase in demand for medical care and resulting premature discharge. Keeping these in mind, this study focused on home-wards where the majority of chronic bed-ridden patients are being cared for. Despite. their overriding importance, home-words are less than efficient in caring (or chronic bed-ridden patients. These circumstances require the designing of home-wards that can offer greater comfort to patients and at the same time make things easier for caregivers, on the basis of an overall analysis of patients' life and home - ward situation. According1y this study adopted a Participant Observation Method derived cultural anthropology, Toward this end, 3 patients were chosen as subjects of this study for intensive interviewing and participant observation. In the process of this field re-search efforts were made to collect emprical data, that is, to faithfully record the words of the subjects and their caregivers for analysis and interpretation. The findings of these analyses are as follows. Firstly, the chronic bed-ridden patients are mostly being taken care by close family members. Secondly, a room for the exclusive use of the patient, floor, kitchen, bathroom and multipurpose space were found to be necessary for proper caring of the patient. These spaces were respectively used with a view to 1) accomodating the patient as well as caregivers' activities, 2) keeping general and medical supplies and other appliances for patient's care and drying the patient's washing, 3) preparing and keeping the patient's foods and beverages, 4) keeping the supplies necessary for cleaning the patient's body and treating the patient's eliminations, 5) washing the patient's clothes, underwears and bedclothes. The patient's room in turn is subdivided into six portions in terms of uses : specifically the places for accomodating 1) the patient, 2) medical supplies, 3) medicines, 4) linens St clothes, 5) bedclothes and, 6) diapers. Thirdly, the activities of the caregiver are subdivided into seven key areas : hygiene, exercise, diet, elimination, therapeutic nursing, prevention of sore, and other activities. Each area is further classified into several different activities of caring. These activities we mainly carried out in the patient's room. Fourthly, the supplies for caring the chronic bed-ridden patient is divided into two large domains : medical and general supplies. Finally, three main problems areas were found in this study on the part of caregivers, that is, sore prevention, hygiene problem related frequent urination / defecation, the caregiver's physical, psych ological and emotional burden. In consideration of the aforesaid problem areas, a model home-ward was developed in this study. The newly-developed model has been found to have the following six advantages. Firstly, the time and effort required for maintaining the patient's hygiene are reduced, thus relievins the caregiver's physical and psychological bur-den. Secondly, the patient's hygiene can be maintained in satisfactory conditions, because the patient's eliminations are more easily removed. Thirdly, skin irritations caused by the patient's eliminations were remarkably reduced and so were the patient's sores due to moisture and bacteria. Fourthly, the home-ward have a tilt-table ef-fect thanks to the inclining room floor. This improves the patient's cardiovascular function as well as constantly changes pressed skin areas and thus prevents sores. Fifthly, improved shelf arrangements help make the best use of patient's supplies. Sixthly, the trouble of continuously changing clothes, underwears, diapers & bedclothes is remarkably reduced simply by covering the patient with cotton sheets when laid in bed. This is espected to cut down expenses by reducing the comsumptions of diapers and other disposable supplies.

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말기 암 환자 가족 간병인의 삶의 질 (Quality of Life among Family Caregivers of Terminal Cancer Patient)

  • 정진규;김성수;강동수;김성민;이동훈;한경희;김종성
    • Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2006
  • 목적: 말기 암환자 증가로 호스피스에 대한 관심은 증가되고 있으나 이들을 간병하는 보호자에 대한 관심은 아직까지 병원 및 호스피스 프로그램에서 미흡하다. 본 연구는 말기 암 환자를 간병하는 가족 내 주간병인의 건강 관련 삶의 질을 평가하고 이들의 건강 관련 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 요소를 알아보기 위하여 시행하였다. 방법: 2005년 3월부터 2006년 1월까지 대전의 일개 대학병원 종양 내과에 입원한 말기 암 환자들의 가족 간병인 81명을 대상으로 하여 건강 관련 삶의 질을 평가하였다. 평가설문내용에는 삶의 질을 평가하기 위한 도구로 36-items Short-form, Health Survey (SF-36) 한글판을 사용하였고 조사대상자들의 일반적인 사항과 환자와 간병인의 특성에 관한 내용을 포함하였다. 결과: 간병군의 삶의 질 평균(${\pm}SD$)점수는 47.9 (${\pm}20.7$)점이었다. 65세 이상인 경우, 여성인 경우, 간병기간이 1년 이상으로 길어질 경우, 일일 평균 간병시간이 8시간 이상인 경우, 간병에 환자가 많은 도움을 필요로 하는 경우, 경제적 부담이 큰 경우, 간병인이 부모 또는 배우자인 경우, 대증적 치료만 받고 있는 경우, 병원에 대한 만족도가 낮은 경우 간병인의 삶의 질이 저하되는 것으로 나타났으며, 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과 간병시간, 경제적 부담도, 치료형태; 대증적 치료만 받는 경우, 간병기간, 성별, 도움이 필요한 ADLs (Activities of daily livings) 문항수 순서로 삶의 질 점수에 영향을 주었고, 이들의 설명력은 63.9% (P=0.044)였다. 결론: 말기암 환자 가족간병인의 삶의 질과 관련된 많은 요인 중 간병시간과 경제적 부담이 가족간병인의 삶의 질에 많은 영향을 주는 교정 가능한 인자로 나타났다. 말기 암 환자 간병인의 간병 시간 및 경제적 부담을 감축하기 위한 사회적 지원이 필요하다. 봉사자와의 관계는 매우 좋다가 81.2%로 대부분을 차지하였고, 병원직원과의 관계는 매우 좋다가 69.7%였고, 다음은 대체로 좋다가 21.2%의 순이었다. 봉사활동에 대해 가족이나 친구의 지지는 어떠한가는 매우 좋다가 83.2%로 대부분을 차지하였다. 2. 대상자의 자원봉사활동 만족도는 평점 $3.09{\pm}0.49$(도구범위 $1{\sim}4$점)로 중간정도이었다. 영역별로 살펴보았을 때 만족도가 가장 높았던 영역은 사회적 접촉영역($3.48{\pm}0.61$)이었고, 다음은 성취영역($3.43{\pm}0.53$), 사회적 인정영역($3.35{\pm}0.70$)의 순이었다. 만족도가 가장 낮았던 영역은 사회적 교환영역($1.65{\pm}0.63$)이었다. 3. 대상자의 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 봉사활동 만족도를 분석한 결과 성별(t=2.038, P=0.044), 결혼상태(F=3.806, P=0.013)에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 4. 대상자의 자원봉사활동 실태에 따른 봉사활동 만족도를 분석한 결과병원봉사활동기간(F=3.326, P=0.008), 봉사활동을 하는 주된 이유(F=2.707, P=0.035), 봉사활동을 위한 교육을 받은 여부(t=-1.982, P=0.050), 봉사활동의 평가 빈도(F=7.877, P=0.000), 봉사활동이 자신의 기술이나 능력에 적합도(F=2.712, P=0.049), 관리자와의 관계(t=-2.517, P=0.013), 다른 병원직원과의 관계(F=5.202, P=0.007), 자원봉사자로서의 활동에 대해 가족이나 친지로부터의 지지(t=-3.394, P=0.001)에 따라 봉사활동 만족도가 유의하게 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 자원봉사활동 만족도는 중간정도이었고, 봉사활동 만족도는 대상자의 인구사회학적 특성에 따라서는 성별(t=2.038, P=0.

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뇌졸중환자의 희망 (The Hope of the Stroke Patients)

  • 김이순
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.212-227
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    • 1997
  • Cerebrovascular diseases in Korea is an important health problem since mortality and mobidity have been increased rapidly. It marked the 2nd cause of specific death rates in 1993. The stroke causes physical function disorder due to hemiparalysis and emotional disorder, and stroke patients experience helplessness, powerlessness. sense of alienation and loss of hope. These feelings make the rehabilitation difficult because they lose the will of life. The subjects of the study were seven citizens who live in Pusan, are over 50 years old and belong to low income-level. The data were collected from Jan. to Sep. 1995. The researcher as a caregiver and volunteer made confidence of them and asked for their agreement on the purpose of the study. The subjects expressed their experience as openheartedly as possible. The analysis of the data was made through the phenomenological analytic method suggested by Giorgi, which is as follows ; as an unit of description which include the subject' expressions and the researcher's observation, it is examined the theme that express the hope experience with the subject's language(underlining), and the focal meanings are identified. The focal meaning is the crystalization of the theme, which is written in the language of the researcher. After intergrating the focal meaning and make the situated structural description as the meaning of the hope experience identified on each subject's point. After intergrating the situated structural description and make the general structural description as the meaning of the hope experience identified on total subject's point then the systemizing of the structure of the hope experienced phenomena and the flowing of the conciousness was researched. The conclusions of this study was as follows : The ten sources of hope which the subjects experienced were sorted as under 〈mutual relations to others : spouse, children, relatives, fellow believer. health professioner. associate patient group〉, 〈spiritual dependence〉. 〈recovery of physical function〉. 〈rumination of the past life〉, 〈expectation of the future〉. 〈economic power〉, 〈belief〉, 〈ability〉. 〈spontaneous participation〉 and 〈recovery of roles〉. Their hope was spoken out by the following two kinds of linguistics. First. the hope was expressed in the affirmative expression as follows : 〈 to be dependable〉, 〈to make efforts〉, 〈to keep under control〉, 〈to desire〉, 〈to be pleasant〉, 〈to be peaceful〉, 〈to be grateful〉, 〈to give help〉, 〈self-confidence. Courage〉, 〈to be happy〉, 〈to satisfy oneself〉, 〈to share with others〉, 〈to understand〉 and 〈to be affected, be impressed〉 Second, the hope was expressed in the negative on pression as under : 〈to be distressed〉, 〈to be uneasy〉, 〈to be sorry, be unsatisfied〉 〈despair〉, 〈to abandon〉, 〈to be fearful〉, 〈to suffer〉, 〈to bear a burden〉 〈to be confused〉, 〈to be solitary〉, 〈chest trouble〉, 〈to feel heavy〉 〈grief〉, 〈to be daunted〉, 〈to get angry〉, 〈to be uncomfortable〉, 〈to have something regretable〉 and 〈to feel guilty〉. And their hope was expressed by the following four behavioral expressions : 〈physical sphere〉, 〈psychological sphere〉, 〈social support sphere〉 and 〈spiritual sphere〉. The reaction patterns of their hope experience appeared in the following 4 coping method : 〈conquest type〉, 〈dependence type〉, 〈adaptation type〉 and 〈fate type〉. Finally, in the hope structure the sense of certainty don't always coexict with the sense of uncertainty, When the stroke patients try to search for the best quality of life, the senses of certainty and uncertainty make a continual cyclic system in the hope structure.

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뇌졸중 환자의 한방의료 이용 경험 (The Experience of the Stroke Patients about the Use of Oriental Medicine)

  • 김이순
    • 한국보건간호학회지
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.82-92
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    • 1997
  • Cerebrovascular diseases in Korea is an important health problem since mortality and mobidity have been increased rapidly. It marked the 2nd cause of specific death rates in 1993. The subjects of the study were seventeen citizens who are using to the Oriental Medicine. The data were collected from Apr. to Oct. 1996. The researcher as a caregiver and volunteer made confidence of them and asked for their agreement on the purpose of the study. The subjects expressed their experience as openheartedly as possible. The researcher described closely the experiences of using to the Oriental Medicine with there words themselves and under the observation of the reseacher. A tape-recorder was used under the permission of the subjects to prevent the leakage of the spoken information and communication. The analysis of the data was made through the phenomenological analytic method suggested by Van Kaam, which is as follows; as an unit of description which include the subject' expressions and the researcher's observation. The conclusions of this study was as follows : one hundred eighteen descriptive expression found and they were grouped eighteen common factors. These are ${\ulcorner$to effect needle${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$to effect Chinese medicine${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$treatment method${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$attitude of herb doctor${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$recommendation of family and other person${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$what one sold to${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$traditional custom${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$experience of the past use${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$to be desolate${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$negative recognition${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$Ineffective drug${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$Unfaithful of doctor${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$positive recognition${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$Oriental medical hospital surroundings${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$to build up one's health${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$to be clear blood${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$economic burden${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$deficit of profession${\lrcorner}$ Finally. eighteen common factors were grouped under six highter categories. These are ${\ulcorner$Belief to oriental medicine${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$motivation of use${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$distrust to western medicine${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$stability of emotion${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner$Alteration of positive physical function${\lrcorner}$.

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치매 환자를 위한 딥러닝 기반 이상 행동 탐지 시스템 (Deep Learning-based Abnormal Behavior Detection System for Dementia Patients)

  • 김국진;이승진;김성중;김재근;신동일;신동규
    • 인터넷정보학회논문지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.133-144
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    • 2020
  • 고령화로 인해 증가하는 노인 비율만큼이나 치매를 앓는 노인 수 또한 빠르게 늘고 있는데 이는 사회적, 경제적 부담을 발생시킨다. 특히, 간병인의 근무 시간 손실 및 간호 부담으로 인한 의료 비용 증가와 같은 간접비용을 포함하는 치매 관리 비용은 수년에 걸쳐 기하급수적으로 증가하고 있다. 이러한 비용을 줄이기 위해 치매 환자를 돌보기 위한 관리 시스템 도입이 시급하다. 따라서 본 연구는 항상 치매 환자를 돌볼 수 없는 환경이나 독거노인을 관리하기 위한 센서 기반 이상 행동 탐지 시스템을 제안한다. 기존 연구들은 단지 행동을 인지하거나 정상 행동 여부를 평가하는 정도였고 센서로부터 받은 데이터가 아닌 이미지를 처리하여 행동을 인지한 연구도 있었다. 본 연구에서는 실데이터 수집에 한계가 있음을 인지하여 비지도 학습 모델인 오토인코더와 지도 학습 모델인 장·단기 기억 모형을 동시에 사용했다. 비지도 학습 모델인 오토인코더는 정상 행동 데이터를 학습하여 정상적인 행동에 대한 패턴을 학습시켰고 장·단기 기억 모형은 센서로 인지 가능한 행동을 학습시켜 분류를 좀 더 세분화했다. 테스트 결과 각각의 모델은 약 96%, 98% 이상의 정확도를 도출하였고 오토인코더의 이상치가 3% 이상을 갖는 경우 장·단기 기억 모형을 통과하도록 설계했다. 이 시스템을 통해 혼자 사는 노인이나 치매 환자를 효율적으로 관리할 수 있으며 돌보기 위한 비용 또한 절감할 수 있을 것으로 전망된다.

영아의 건강증진을 위한 부모역할훈련 프로그램의 효과 -생후 6개월의 결과를 중심으로- (The Study on the Development and Effectiveness of Parent Role Education Program I -Focusing on the six-months results-)

  • 한경자;권미경;방경숙;김정수
    • Child Health Nursing Research
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.96-107
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    • 2001
  • Recent research indicates that the new mothers want to learn about childrearing, and have burden in care of infants. Also it indicates that the new mothers say the lack of confidence and knowledge about infant care. This study was a prospective longitudinal reseach developing parent role education program and evaluating the effectiveness of this program for mother-infant interaction, childrearing environment and infant development. Longitudinal quasi-experimental design was used. The subjects were the healthy infants weighing over 2,500gm at birth, whose gestational age was more than 37weeks, and their mothers. The sample consisted of 19 mother-infant dyads for intervention group and 18 dyads for control group. Data were collected from March 15th to December 14th in 1999. For the intervention group received programmed education that was consisted of discharge education, telephone counselling, and home visiting for maternal education. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and t-test to test the equivalence of two groups, and the effectiveness of intervention program. This study was focused on the results of six months time point. The results were as follows: 1. There was significant difference in the mean score of mother-infant interaction(NCAST) between two groups. Intervention group showed higher scores in the subscales of sensitivity to cues, cognitive growth fostering, and caregiver total. 2. There was no significant difference in the mean score of child rearing environment (HOME) between two groups of six-month-infants. But when each subscale of HOME was examined, intervention group showed higher scores in the dimensions of opportunities for variety in daily stimulation, maternal involvement with child, and emotional, verbal response. 3. Six-month-infants of the intervention group showed significantly higher GQ in the Griffiths mental development scale. In conclusion, the maternal education program was effective in promoting the mother-infant interaction, organizing the childrearing environment, and fostering the infant development. These results were very meaningful that we found parent role education necessary for normal infants' mothers, and nurses can make a great contribution in promoting health of infants and mothers.

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장기요양보호서비스의 비용분석 (Cost Analysis of Long Term Care Services)

  • 박창제;김수영;주수현
    • 한국노년학
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.1043-1061
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구의 목적은 현재 실시되고 있는 장기요양보호서비스에 대하여 유형별로 비용측면에서 경제성을 분석하고 정책적 함의를 논의하는 것이다. 조사대상자는 2008년 7월부터 시행되고 있는 노인장기요양제도의 적용대상자로 인정받은 65세 이상 노인과 그 부양가족이었고, 주부양자를 대상으로 요양보호서비스유형별로 구분하여 설문조사하였다. 회수된 설문지 중에서 방문요양 155부, 방문간호 67부, 요양시설 108부, 요양병원 92부 총 422부가 본 연구의 분석 표본으로 사용되었다. 조사결과 다음과 같은 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 첫째, 부양 가계의 가계소득이 높지 않았다. 둘째, 장기요양보험제도가 실시되고 있음에도 불구하고 노인부양가계가 노인을 위하여 직접 지불하는 금액이 여전히 높은 편이다. 셋째, 부양가계가 노인을 위하여 수발하는 데 소요되는 간접비용이 아주 높은 편이다. 특히 재가서비스인 방문요양의 경우엔 평균 756,947원, 방문간호인 경우 594,807원으로 시설서비스에 비하여 간접비용이 상대적으로 아주 더 높았다. 넷째, 장기요양보호 노인에 대한 사회적 비용이 아주 높다. 이 금액은 본 조사에서 확인한 부양가계의 평균가계소득과 비슷한 수준이다. 다섯째, 요양보호서비스 유형별로 부양가계가 부담하는 서비스 비용에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 여섯째, 부양가계의 직접 비용에서도 요양보호서비스 유형별로 유의한 차이를 보였지만 서비스이용비용보다는 그 차이가 작았다. 일곱째, 사회적 직접 비용은 요양보호서비스 유형별로 아주 유의한 차이를 보였다. 여덟째, 요양보호서비스를 이용하는 노인에 대한 사회적 비용금액이 아주 크고 서비스 유형별 총 사회적 비용이 전체 서비스 이용노인의 평균적인 사회적 비용에 수렴하는 경향을 보였다.