• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.236-247
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• 2012

Purpose: Purposes of this study were: evaluation of family burden of caring for elders who receive long term care services, and examination of differences in burden before and after the introduction of long term care service in Korea. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaires from 416 caregivers of elders who were registered with the Long Term Care Insurance Corporation in six cities. Data were collected in September, 2010 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and ANOVA with the Scheffe test, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Family burden decreased significantly after longterm care service was initiated. Subjective burden decreased from 2.93 to 2.69 (t=11.78, $p$<.001), and objective burden, from 3.40 to 3.10 (t=12.73, $p$<.001). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that factors affecting subjective burden were family relations (F=13.60, $p$=.003), age (F=5.47, $p$=.019), job (F=6.98, $p$=.008), and education (F=4.59, $p$=.032), and that factors affecting objective burden were living together (F=17.66, $p$<.001), job (F=13.34, $p$=.003), monthly income (F=6.61, $p$=.010), and type of service (F=6.62, $p$=.010). Conclusion: The results of this first study to investigate caregiver burden after the Korean Long-term Care Insurance System was begun provide positive information for the development of strategies to decrease family burden in long term care.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.368-376
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• 2019

Purpose: In Korea, the prevalence of dementia patients has increased, which makes the care burden of nurses important. The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting the care burden of nurses caring elderly patients with dementia. Methods: A cross-sectional design was conducted using a convenience sample of 127 nurses from two hospitals and a nursing home in Korea. Participants completed questionnaires on knowledge of and attitudes toward dementia, social support, self-esteem, dementia problematic behavior (DPB), and professional caregiver burden index. The data were analyzed by using the t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression with the SPSS/windows version 21.0 program. Results: The influencing factors for nurse burden include day shift, DPB, self-esteem, social support, which explain 28.0% of care burden of nurses. Conclusion: To reduce the burden of the nurses, there needs to be an administrative system that focuses on enhancing their self-esteem and social support. Active institutional support may be necessary for the nurses taking care of elderly patients with dementia.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

Purpose: Among the sources of anxiety and burden of family caregivers of stroke patients, this study investigated the role of self-efficacy and knowledge about care. Methods: Descriptive and correlational study design was used. One hundred and thirteen subjects were included. They were anticipated family caregivers of stroke patients. All patients were hospitalized at the intensive care unit (ICU) for the first time as a stroke patients. Data of family caregivers were collected during the time that patients were in the ICU with self-reported standardized questionnaire. Pearson's correlation coefficients and regression analysis were used to explore the role of self-efficacy and knowledge. Results: Self-efficacy was correlated with burden, but not with anxiety. Knowledge about care was correlated with anxiety and burden. Only knowledge about care was the significant predictor of anxiety and burden of anticipated family caregivers. Conclusion: The knowledge about care for stroke patients is important especially to the family caregivers who have to care stroke patients for the first time to reduce their anxiety and burden.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.217-227
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• 2017

In terms of years of life lost to premature mortality, cancer imposes the highest burden in Korea. In order to reduce the burden of cancer, the Korean government has implemented cancer control programs aiming to reduce cancer incidence, to increase survival rates, and to decrease cancer mortality. However, these programs may paradoxically increase the cost burden. For examples, a cancer screening program for early detection could bring about over-diagnosis and over-treatment, and supplying medical services in a paternalistic manner could lead to defensive medicine or futile care. As a practical measure to reduce the cost burden of cancer, appropriate cancer care should be established. Ensuring appropriateness requires patient-doctor communication to ensure that utility values are shared and that autonomous decisions are made regarding medical services. Thus, strategies for reducing the cost burden of cancer through ensuring appropriate patient-centered care include introducing value-based medicine, conducting cost-utility studies, and developing patient decision aids.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.654-664
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the burden, health promotion behavior and health status and to describe the relationship of the burden, health promotion behavior and health status of the family caregivers of intensive care unit patients. Method: The subjects were 48 family caregivers of ICU patients in a University Hospital. Data were collected between June, 1 and July, 31, 2000 using structured questionnaires. Research tools used were Suh and Oh's Burden Scale, Revised Walker, Sechrist, & Pender's HPLP(1987) ; Revised Nam's Health State Scale(1965). Result: The mean score of burden of family caregiver was 3.01(full score was 5). The mean score of health promotion behavior of family caregiver was 2.52(full score was 4). And the mean score of health status of family caregiver was 0.68(full score was 1.00). The score of psychological health state was a little higher than the physiological one. In correlational analysis, the burden and the health status of caregivers were reversely correlated . The correlation between the burden and the health promotion behavior, and the health behavior and health status were not significant. Conclusion: The more burden caregivers of ICU patients felt, the worse their health status. So nurses need to understand the family caregiver's burden and apply nursing care that can reduce burden, in order to improve the health status of family caregivers.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.202-214
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• 1999

This study was conducted to provide the data for the improvement of home health nursing services through the investigation of burden and satisfaction felt by family caregivers under home health nursing care. The study subjects consisted of 200 family caregivers who were enrolled m six university hospital home care services. Data were collected by using constructed questionnaires through mail from March to April of 1999. and analyzed by using t-test. ANOVA, Duncan-test. and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. The results were as follows: 1. The mean score of burden was 2.24. Among the SIX burden dimensions. the highest score was marked in time-dependence dimension. Caregivers were found to have greater burden in the low income families living in flats. In relation to the characteristics of patients. higher scores were shown in the male patients with cerebrospinal diseases. who also revealed higher score of dependency in the Activities of Daily Living. As a whole. there was no significant difference between home nursing care and clinical nursing care in terms of family caregivers' burden. The burden of time-dependence dimension in home nursing care was significantly higher than that of clinical nursing care while the burdens of physical. social. and financial dimensions were significantly lower than those of the clinical nursing care. 2. The mean score of satisfaction was 3.14. Among the six items. the highest score was marked in the nursing care and treatment skill. while the lowest score was marked in the cost containment. Family caregivers with higher academic background and higher income showed higher satisfaction score. The mean score of home care nursmg was significantly higher than that of clinical nursing care.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2021

With the introduction of national health insurance, the burden of health care costs decreased and choices of medical services widened. However, because of the rapid expansion of non-covered medical services by health insurance, financial security for health care expenditure is still low. This gives patients barriers to choose medical services especially for non-covered medical services, and it becomes narrower. Compared to Korea, Japan has high financial protection in health care utilization, but there exists a limitation using covered and non-covered medical services both together. This is called a prohibition of mixed treatment in health care. This study reviews the Japanese health care system that limits choosing medical services and the burden of health care costs. The prohibition of mixed treatment can alleviate the out-of-pocket burden in the non-benefit sector, but it can be found that it has a huge limitation in that it places restrictions on choices for both healthcare professionals and patients.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.144-155
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• 2010

Purpose: This study investigated the factors affecting the quality of life (QOL) of the primary caregivers of home health care patients. Method: The subjects were 110 primary caregivers of patients who were receiving home health care from two home health care centers affiliated with general hospitals in Seoul. Data collection was conducted using five questionnaires. Results: Positive relationships were evident between QOL and social support and perceived health status of the primary caregiver. Negative relationships were evident between QOL and burden and depression. Multiple linear regression analysis for QOL revealed that the most powerful influencing factor was social support. Social support, burden, and depression explained 34.3% of the variance. Conclusion: Burden, depression, and social support are related with QOL of primary caregivers of home health care patients. Nursing intervention strategies directed at this caregiver population are needed.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.64-80
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting family caregiver burden, and to identify the relationship between family caregiver burden and family function /self-care of psychiatric out-patient. These data were collected by questionnaire from September 20 to October 8, 1993. The subjects were 285 family caregiver of psychiatric out-patients. The instruments used in this study were Caregiver Burden Inventory(CBI) by Novak(1989), self-care performing by Yu(1992), and Family APGAR by Smilkstein(1979). The data were analyzed by cronbach's $\alpha$, mean, standard deviation, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression with SPSS /pc+ program. The result of this study were as follows ; 1. The means of family caregiver Burden revealed total 2.00, Time-Dependence Burden 78, developmental Burden 2.22, physical Burden 1.90, social Burden 1.43, emotional Burden 2.18, financial Burden 1.51. family caregiver burden score showed moderate level. time-dependence burden showed the highest score and social burden showed the lowest score. 2. The means of family function revealed total 5.67. 7 through high-21.4% (61), low through 3-38.6%(110). family function score showed moderate level. 3. The means of patient's self-care performance revealed total 137.71. self-care performance showed moderate level. 4. A ststistically significant correlation between family caregiver burden and patient's demographic variables, age (F=3.83, p<.01), marrital status(F=3.50, p<.01), job(F=3.17, p<.01), diagnosis(F=4.46, p<.01), income (F=4.46, p<.01). No significant differences between family caregiver burden and prevalent period, religion, sex (p>.05). S. A ststistically significant correlation between family caregiver burden and family's demographic variables, age (F=7.34, p<.01), sex(t=-2.63, p<.01), education level(F=7.61, p<.01), income (F=8.13, p<.01), relation with patient (F=6.92, p<.01), job(F=2.03, p<.05), medical service (F=3.89, p<.05), presence of chronically ill without patient(t=-2.01, p<.05) 6. Family function was the highest factor predicting family caregiver burden(R=.4168, $R^2=.1737$), low education level of family, patient's self-care, family income accounted for 36% in family caregiver burden.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2007

Purpose: This thesis focuses on researching the burden of the Home Health Care that the Family Care-givers have. Method: This study had been conducted for the duration of 3 consecutive months from January 2006 to March 2006 and had investigated 120 person registered as the Home Health Care Clients to a University Hospital located in Incheon City. The thesis adopted the 'feeling of burden' measuring method jointly developed by Seo, Mi-Hye and Oh, Ga-Sil(1993), and FACES-III(Family Adaptability Cohesion Evaluation) developed by Olson(1985) etc. translated by Kim, Yun-Hee(1989) as the measuring method for Family Function. Result: The overall Health Status of the Home Health Care Clients was 2.18 point of average out of 3 point, where as 1.83 for Activities of Daily living and 1.98 for Vital sign, which are below the average. In the mean time, the Competence for Modified Barthel Index marked 30.88 point out of the full mark. The analyzed result of the burden that the family members have was 3.43 point of average out of 5 point which shows that the interviewee feel that they are considerable burden to their families. When it comes to 'the Burden to the family members' and 'the Function of the family' according to the characteristics of the patient, the result shows statistically significant differences, which are varied according to gender, the relationship between the care-givers and the patients. When it comes to the Family Cohesion, the difference was examined as 'statistically significant' according to the Academic background of the patients and the relationship between the patients and the interviewee.(p<0.05). The result also suggests that there exists 'Negative correlation' among the level of patients' health status, the Family Cohesion and the Family Burden. Conclusion: From the result of this study stated above, this thesis is strongly insisting that there is an urgent need for us to develop a health care mediation program, which could eventually reduce the burden of home health care that the patients' family have. At the same time, a follow-up research to prove the effect of the program is imminent.