• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2002

Purpose of this study was to compare serum phospholipid fatty acid composition of obese children with that of normal weight children reside in Kangnung area. Subjects were consisted of 56(41 boys and 15 girls) moderately or severely obese elementary school children, and age and sex-matched normal weight children as a control group. Level of serum phospholipid fatty acids was measured by thin layer chromatography(TLC) followed by gas chromatography(GLC). for male subjects, serum triglyceride(121 $\pm$ 4.7mg/dl) and total cholesterol(180 $\pm$ 37.1mg/dl) concentrations were significantly(p < 0.05) higher in obese group than those for control group(81.5 $\pm$ 2.5mg/dl and 161 $\pm$ 32.0mg/dl, respectively). Obese group showed significantly higher percentage of serum phospholipid myristic acid(C14:0) than the value for control group in both male and female subjects. Obese male subjects had significantly higher percentages of palmitoleic acid(16 : 1), oleic acid(18 : 1), dihomo-${\gamma}$-linoleic acid(20 : 3, $\omega$6) and docosatetraenoic acid(22 : 4, $\omega$6), and lower percentages of eicosenoic acid(20 : 1, $\omega$6), docosapentaenoic acid(22 : 5, $\omega$6), EPA(22 : 5, $\omega$3) and DHA (22 : 6, $\omega$3) compared to values for control male subjects. For male subjects, obese group showed significantly higher ratios of 16 : 1($\omega$9)/16 : 0 and 18 : 1($\omega$9)/18 : 0, and significantly lower ratios of 22 : 5($\omega$6)/22 4($\omega$6), and 22 : 6($\omega$3)/22 : 5($\omega$3) compacted to values for the control group. But there was not significant differences in elongation and desaturation indices of serum phospholipids fatty acid metabolism between obese and control group in female subjects. Most of anthropometric measurements related to obesity were negatively correlated with the percentages of PUFA, $\omega$3 fatty acids or DHA(22 : 6, $\omega$3), and positively correlated with the percentage of myristic acid(14 : 0) or $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratio in serum phospholipids. Serum triglyceride concentration was negatively correlated with the percentage of PUFA or $\omega$3 fatty acids, and positively correlated with $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratio in serum phospholipids. These results indicate that obesity related changes in blood lipid levels and metabolism are more significant in male subjects than in female subjects. Also changes in serum phospholipid fatty acid composition observed in obese children appear to demonstrate the increased susceptibility of these children to cardiovascular disease and other related chronic diseases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the proportion and associated risk factors of hypertriglyceridemia in rural Vietnamese women. Research data were collected as part of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). A cross-sectional study of 957 Vietnamese women in their 20 to 30s was conducted in rural areas of Bavi, Vietnam. Subjects were classified as hypertriglyceridemic (serum TG ${\geq}$ 150 mg/dL). Demographic, socio-economic details, anthro-pometric measurements, and blood profiles were recorded. The proportion of hypertriglyceridemic subjects was 22.0%, and the mean age of hypertriglyceridemics subjects was older than that of normo-triglyceridemic subjects (p < 0.05). In hypertriglyceridemic subjects, height, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol were significantly lower, compared to subjects with normo-triglyceridemia, while weight, body mass index, waist hip ratio, body fat %, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, and atherogenic index were higher, compared to those with normo-triglyceridemia. Intake of cereal and cereal products, total plant food, and cereal/potato fiber in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia was significantly higher, compared to normo-triglyceridemic subjects. Hypertriglyceridemic subjects had a significantly lower intake of animal calcium and retinol than normo-triglyceridemic subjects. Significant positive relationships were observed between the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and consumption of total plant food [OR (95% CI) for the highest tertile, compared to the lowest: 1.764 (1.131-2.750); p for trend = 0.008] and crude fiber [OR (95% CI) for the highest tertile compared to the lowest: 1.651 (1.092-2.497); p for trend = 0.027]. In addition, a significant inverse relationship was observed between the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and cholesterol intake [OR (95% CI) for the highest tertile, compared to the lowest: 0.601 (0.400-0.901); p for trend = 0.012]. These findings may provide basic data for use by policymakers and dieticians in future development of nutrition and health programs to encourage healthier eating habits, and to prevent hypertriglyceridemia advancing cardiovascular disease in rural Vietnamese women.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권10호
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• pp.1067-1072
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• 2006

목 적 : Alagille 증후군에 대하여 국내 증례 보고가 된 바 있으나 국내 Alagille 증후군 환자의 임상 양상에 대한 종합적인 분석은 없는 실정이다. 이에 국내 Alagille 증후군 환자의 임상양상과 장기 예후, 예후에 미치는 요인에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 방 법 : 1984년 7월부터 2006년 5월까지 서울대학교병원 소아과를 방문하여 Alagille 증후군으로 진단받은 30명의 환자를 대상으로, 만성 쓸개즙정체, 심혈관계 질환, 척추 이상, 눈의 이상, 특징적 얼굴형, 검사 결과, 예후를 기록지를 통하여 후향적으로 검토하였다. 결 과 : 만성 쓸개즙정체를 보인 환자가 100%, 심혈관계 이상이 있는 환자가 84.4%, 골격계 이상이 있는 경우가 30.0%, 안구의 이상이 있는 경우가 43.3%, 특징적 얼굴형을 보이는 경우가 100%였다. 30례의 환자 가운데 17례는 2세 경에 만성 쓸개즙정체가 호전되었고, 13례는 2세 이후에도 만성 쓸개즙정체가 지속되었다. 2세 경에도 만성 쓸개즙정체가 지속되는 환자는 합병증의 빈도가 유의하게 높았다(P=0.001). 30례의 환자 가운데 Alagille 증후군으로 인한 사망이 6례였고 이중 5례가 간질환의 합병증으로 사망하였다. 결 론 : Alagille 증후군 환자에서 간질환의 합병증이 사망의 중요한 원인이 되므로 이에 대한 주의 깊은 추적 관찰이 필요하며, 2세경에도 만성 쓸개즙정체가 호전되지 않는 경우 간이식을 요하거나 사망하는 빈도가 높으므로, 2세경에도 만성 쓸개즙정체가 지속되면 간이식을 고려해야 할 것이다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.511-519
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• 2011

Dietary intake of whole grains reduces the incidence of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In an earlier study, we showed that Panicum miliaceum L. extract (PME) exhibited the highest anti-lipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells among extracts of nine different cereal grains tested. In this study, we hypothesized that PME in the diet would lead to weight loss and augmentation of hyperlipidemia by regulating fatty acid metabolism. PME was fed to ob/ob mice at 0%, 0.5%, or 1% (w/w) for 4 weeks. After the experimental period, body weight changes, blood serum and lipid profiles, hepatic fatty acid metabolism-related gene expression, and white adipose tissue (WAT) fatty acid composition were determined. We found that the 1% PME diet, but not the 0.5%, effectively decreased body weight, liver weight, and blood triglyceride and total cholesterol levels (P < 0.05) compared to obese ob/ob mice on a normal diet. Hepatic lipogenic-related gene ($PPAR{\alpha}$, L-FABP, FAS, and SCD1) expression decreased, whereas lipolysis-related gene (CPT1) expression increased in animals fed the 1% PME diet (P < 0.05). Long chain fatty acid content and the ratio of C18:1/C18:0 fatty acids decreased significantly in adipose tissue of animals fed the 1% PME diet (P < 0.05). Serum inflammatory mediators also decreased significantly in animals fed the 1% PME diet compared to those of the ob/ob control group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that PME is useful in the chemoprevention or treatment of obesity and obesity-related disorders.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.526-530
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was investigating serum lipid, apolipoprotein levels and their correlations in healthy adults of Gyeongnam area. The BMI (body mass index) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in male (25.2 ${\pm}$ 2.7 $kg/m^2$) than female (23.8 ${\pm}$ 1.5 $kg/m^2$), however PBF (percent body fat) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in female (29.6 ${\pm}$ 4.3%) than male (22.7 ${\pm}$ 5.0%). The WHR (waist to hip ratio) and blood pressure in the groups showed there was no significant differences. The levels of serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in male (208.7 ${\pm}$ 27.7 mg/dl, 129.0 ${\pm}$ 26.9 mg/dl, 1.0 ${\pm}$ 0.2 g/L) than female (193.6 ${\pm}$ 29.1 mg/dl, 112.5 ${\pm}$ 29.5 mg/dl, 0.9 ${\pm}$ 0.2 g/L, but HDL-cholesterol level was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in female (54.9 ${\pm}$ 6.6 mg/dl) than male (49.9 ${\pm}$ 7.3 mg/dl). The LDL-C/HDL-C, Apo B/Apo A-I and AI (atherogenic index) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in male (2.6 ${\pm}$ 0.6, 0.8 ${\pm}$ 0.2, 3.3 ${\pm}$ 0.7) than female (2.1 ${\pm}$ 0.5, 0.6 ${\pm}$ 0.2, 2.6 ${\pm}$ 0.5). The triglyceride level was positively correlated with apolipoprotein B concentration (p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol concentration (p < 0.05), however no significant correlation was found with apolipoprotein A-I. According to these results, we conclude that male adults are expecting higher incidence of cardiovascular disease than female adults and we suggest the serum triglyceride should be kept normal level for the prevention of these diseases.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2632-2640
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 지연성근통증에 대한 내측 비복근 초음파 영상의 측정도구로서의 가능성에 대해 알아보고자 함에 있다. 본 연구는 2011년 4월 21일부터 4월30일까지 실시되었다. 평소 규칙적인 운동을 하지 않으며, 최근 외상의 경험, 근골격계 질환, 심혈관계 질환이 없고 약물을 복용하지 않는 35명의 건강한 성인이 참여하였다. 대상자들은 5시간의 등반을 통해 지연성근통증을 유발하였으며, 지연성근통증 전과 지연성근통증 후 24, 48, 72시에 통증(visual analogue scale :VAS), 혈중 크레아틴 키나아제(creatine kinase: CK) 활성도, 족저 굴곡근의 최대근수축력(maximal voluntary isometric contraction: MVlC)을 측정하였고, 이 측정값과 초음파로 측정한 내측 비복근의 우상각을 비교하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 통증지표, 혈중 크레아틴 키나아제 활성도, 족저 굴곡근 최대등척성근수축력에 측정시기에 따른 유의한 차이가 발생하였으며(p<0.05), 내측 비복근 우상각에서도 측정시기에 따른 유의한 차이가 발생하였다(p<0.05). 또한 변수 간 측정시기에 따른 변화의 흐름이 일치하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 초음파 검사를 통한 내측 비복근 우상각의 시간경과에 따른 변화 측정이 지연성근통증을 감지하는 새로운 측정방법으로 사용될 수 있을 것이라 생각한다.

• 대한간호
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.52-70
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• 1996

This historical research was conducted to analyze and categorize the titles which were presented in the journal, The Korean Nurse, from August 1962 to October 1995. Titles which were published with the purpose of educating graduate nurses and to update 0 their nursing knowledge to improve professional practice were included. There were 348 articles published from the beginning of publication in August, 1962 to October, 1995. All of the journals were reviewed except nine missing journals which were not available in any library. According to the characteristics of the articles in the periodical, the articles were divided into three periods. In each of the three peroids there were five categories: Subject, Clinical Practice, Fundamentals of Nursing Science, Nursing Administration, Others. These categories were adopted from Kim's(1994) division system which was developed to analyze nurse's insurance education program. The special feature peroid was from August, 1962 to December, 1974. In this period the articles were presented in an unorganized manner in the area of special feature or main issue. The largest area was the subject category(44%). The second largest area wes the fundamental of nursing science category(31%). From May, 1975 to December, 1977, the articles with the educational purposes were published in a designated area called continuing education. This period was labelled as the continuing education period. Among the published articles in this period, 45% focused on the subject category and 45% on the fundamentals of nursing science category. In this period the articles were focusing on nurses 'work in specific areas such as industry, nurses' aid schools, and nursing administration, articles on physical assessment first started to appear. The written continuing education period was from January 1978 to October, 1995. All the educational articles published in this area were analyzed and categorized into five areas as for the other periods. 48% of the articles focused on the subject category. In the mid-eighties, the term nurse specialist first.appeared and ten years later in 1990, the titles were subdivided into more specific titles, such as, home nursing, industrial nursing, emergency nursing, 23% were in the fundamental nursing science category and they dealt with nursing process, nursing theories, theory development. For the content analysis, three articles, one from each period, dealing with cardiovscular diseases were selected for comparsion. First, the special feature period, the title of the article was on diet therapy for cardiovascular disease patients, but instead the content was about rest, hygiene, medication, observation. They recommended rings to prevent bed sores, which is now considered as a cause for bed sores. In the continuing education period, the content was more focused on rehabilitation rather than general nursing .care. It became more specific, systematic, and organized compared with the special feature period. In the written continuing education period, the focus was on rehabilitation, not broadly, but very specifically on exercise. The further research on the content analysis is recommended along with a comparison of the trends in the Journal of Nurses Academic Society.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.833-842
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• 2020

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a commonly encountered large intestine disease in the contemporary world that terminates into colorectal cancer; therefore, the timely treatment of UC is of major concern. Panax ginseng Meyer is an extensively consumed herbal commodity in South East Asian countries, especially Korea. It exhibits a wide range of biologically beneficial qualities for almost head-to-toe ailments in the body. Epimedium koreanum Nakai (EKN) is also a widely used traditional Korean herbal medicine used for treating infertility, rheumatism, and cardiovascular diseases. Materials and methods: Separately the anti-inflammatory activities of both red ginseng extracts (RGEs) and EKNs had been demonstrated in the past in various inflammatory models; however, we sought to unravel the anti-inflammatory activities of the combination of these two extracts in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in mice model because the allopathic remedies for UC involve more side effects than benefits. Results: Our results have shown that the combination of RGE + EKN synergistically alleviated the macroscopic lesions in DSS-induced colitic mice such as colon shortening, hematochezia, and weight loss. Moreover, it restored the histopathological lesions in mice and decreased the levels of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines through the repression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP-3) expression. In vitro, this combination also reduced the magnitude of nitric acid (NO), proinflammatory mediators and cytokine through NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. Conclusion: In the light of these findings, we can endorse this combination extract as a functional food for the prophylactic as well as therapeutic treatment of UC in humans together with allopathic remedies.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1159-1164
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• 1998

배경: 수술수기와 심근보호법의 발달로 인하여 최근 관상동맥우회로 이식술의 수술성적이 향상되고 있지만 술후 사망과 이환에 직면하고 있는 일부 환자들은 점점 증가하고 있어 수술후 이환과 사망에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 대상 및 방법: 저자들은 관상동맥우회로 이식술을 받은 총 137명을 대상으로 술전 위험요인과 술후 이환 및 사망(이하 이환)과의 관계를 후향적으로 조사하였다. 수술전 위험요인으로는 나이, 성별, 술전심근경색, 응급수술, 좌심실박출계수, 비만 그리고 3혈관 질환 등 7개의 변수를 선택하였으며 수술후 이환은 부정맥, 상처감염, 뇌손상, 술후입원기간의 장기화, 폐렴, 급성신부전증, 인공호흡기의 장기간 사용 그리고 수술사망 등으로 하고 이중 하나만 발생하여도 이환이 있다고 간주하였다. 결과: 전체 환자의 평균 나이는 56.7세였고, 27세부터 74세까지의 분포를 보였다. 전체 환자의 수술사망률은 6.6%였고 이중 계획수술은 3.9%(5/128), 응급 또는 긴급수술은 44.4%(4/9)의 사망률을 보였다. 65세 이상의 환자에서 이환율은 65세 미만의 환자보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다. 성별에 의한 이환율의 차이는 없었으나 수술 사망률은 여자(5/41, 12.19%)에게서 남자(4/96, 4.17%)보다 더 높게 나타났다. 응급수술의 이환율은 100%로 계획수술의 환자에서보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 술전 좌심실 박출계수가 50% 미만인 환자에서 50% 이상인 환자보다 사망률이 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 결론: 결론적으로 관상동맥우회로 이식술 후 이환의 위험요인은 65세 이상의 고령과 응급 또는 긴급수술이었고 수술사망의 위험요인은 50% 미만의 술전 좌심실 박출계수와 응급 또는 긴급수술이었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1133-1137
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• 1996

흉강경을 이용한 흉부수술의 경우 최근 들어 상당한 발전이 계속되면서 시술할 수 있는 분야가 크게 증가하였다. 중앙대학교 흉부외과에서는 1994년 9월부터 1995년 8월까지 비디오흉강경을 이용한 수술 67례의 임상결과를 보고하는 바이다. 1. 진단은 기흉 35례, 미만성 간질성 폐질환 9례, 농흉 7례, 폐암에 의한 삼출액 3례, 다한증 3례, 흉강내 이물질 2례, 중피종 1례, 속립성 폐결핵 1례, 기질화된 폐렴 1례였다 2. 수술은 기흉환자 35례중 흉막 유착이 심하여 개흉술로 전환한 2례를 제외한 33례 에서 비디오 흉강경 기포절제술을 시행하였다. 그외에 흉강경을 이용한 지혈 5례, 세척술 7례, 이물질 제거 2례, 악성 늑막 삼출시 활석분무 3례, 교감신경 절제 술을 3례 시행하였다. 흉강경적 생검은 12례 시행하였다. 3. 기흉환자중 재발성 기흉으로 18례 수술하였고 지속적 공기누출 12례, 단순흉부사진상 기포가 보인 례가 5례 있었다. 심한 유착을 보여 흉강경에서 전환한 개흉적 기포제거술 2례를 시행하였다. 4. 비디오흉강경적 생검을시행한 12례의 병리학적 소견은 특발성 폐섬유화증 9례, 속립성 결핵 1례, 중피종 1례 및 기질화된 폐염 1례였다. \ulcorner鈒\ulcorner폐섬유화증 9례중 7례는 박리성 간질성 폐염, 2례는 통상 성 간질성 폐염이었다. 5. 비디오흉강경 67례중에서 63례에서 특별한 합병증 없이 퇴원하였고 4례에서 합병증이 발생하였다. 2 례가 계속된 공기누출, 2례는 반대측의 무기폐가 발생하였다. 따라서 비디오홍강경 수술은 비교적 안전하고 합병증이 적으며 앞으로 흉부수술영역에서 사용범위가 확대될 것으로 생각된다.