Hamrah, Mohammad Shoaib;Harun-Or-Rashid, Md.;Hirosawa, Tomoya;Sakamoto, Junichi;Hashemi, Hassan;Emamian, Mohammad Hassan;Shariati, Mohammad;Fotouhi, Akbar
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
/
v.14
no.3
/
pp.1919-1923
/
2013
Background: Smoking is known as a major risk factor for different types of cancer, as well as cardiovascular disease. Its prevalence is increasing in developing countries. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of smoking and its associated factors among the population aged 40-64 years in the city of Shahroud which is a representative urban population in Iran. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study with stratified random cluster sampling was conducted in 2009 as the first phase of Shahroud Eye Cohort Study. Of 6,311 people, 5,190 participated (82.2%). Information about smoking habit was obtained by face-to-face interview. Results: The overall prevalence of current tobacco smoking was 11.3% (95%CI: 10.5-12.3). It was significantly higher among males than females (25.7% and 0.71%, P<0.001). The prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 10.8% and 1.75% were past smokers. The smoking rate of water-pipe was 0.67%. Unemployed people smoked more than employed (OR=2.66, 95%CI: 1.38-5.14). Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking is low in Shahroud compared with other parts of Iran and other countries. Age, sex, job and marital status were associated with smoking. The low smoking rate among women may be attributed to cultural and social reasons.
The study was carried out to investigate housewive's consumption pattern and preference of mayonnaise for the development of egg-white mayonnaise. Data was collected from 515 housewives in Ulsan by self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS package program. The results were as follows: 1. Most(98.1%) of housewives were concerned about nutrition and health and they considered that nutrition was the most important factor when purchasing food related items. 2. The frequency of using processed foods was two to three times a week and the reason for use it was the convenience. Usually the housewives obtained nutrition related information through mass media such as TV, radio(37.5%) , and newspaper, magazine(32.1%). 3. 75.9% of the subjects thought mayonnaise is a high calorie food and 57.5% of them knew the basic ingredients of mayonnaise. Most(79.3% ) of housewives perceived that cholesterol which is rich in egg yolk is related to cardiovascular disease and arteriosclerosis. Among family members, children showed high degree in the preference for mayonnaise. 4. Comparison of the low cholesterol mayonnaise which was made by egg white for egg yolk with commercial product was made by sensory evaluation and mechanical test. The viscosity and turbidity did not show any difference. Overall taste of low cholesterol mayonnaise was better than of commercial product. Based on these results of this study provided useful information for development of egg-white mayonnaise (low-cholesterol mayonnaise) and expected the possibility of using low cholesterol mayonnaise will be high.
This study was aimed to investigate whether or not black soybean supplements affect levels of lipid profiles and female hormone (estradiol; E2, estrogen; Es) in 57 middle-aged women (in their 40s and 50s). All subjects were randomly assigned to the control or black soybean supplement group (BSS group). The BSS group was allocated to use dietary black soybean supplements (100 g/day) for 8 weeks. The BSS subjects were divided into two subgroups; 14 women were in the premenopausal group and 15 were in the postmenopausal group. We measured lipid profiles, female hormones and nutrient intakes at 0 weesk and 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly decreased (P<0.01) and the athrogenic index (AI) was significantly increased (P<0.01) in control group. In BSS group, triglyceride (TG) (P<0.05), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P<0.01) and LDL-HDL ratio (LHR) (P<0.01) were significantly decreased. However, E2 and Es were significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared to the control group, the BSS group revealed statistically significant improvements in the levels of TG, HDL-cholesterol, AI, LHR, E2 and Es (P<0.05). In the premenopausal group, HDL-cholesterol (P<0.05), E2 (P<0.01) and Es (P<0.05) were significantly increased and AI (P<0.01) and LHR (P<0.01) were significantly decreased after 8 weeks. In the postmenopausal group, E2 (P<0.05), and Es (P<0.05) were significantly decreased. However, total cholesterol (TC) was increased (P<0.01). Compared to the postmenopausal group, the premenopausal group was significantly improved on HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and LHR (P<0.05). In conclusion, black soybean supplements may have beneficial effects on improving lipid profiles and female hormones.
Kim, Mi-Sun;Jin, Jong-Sik;An, Hyo-Jin;Park, Do-Young;Park, Su-Jung;Kim, Hyeong-Kyun;Kim, Hyung-Min
Advances in Traditional Medicine
/
v.2
no.2
/
pp.119-124
/
2002
Cigarette smoking contributes to lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, oral diseases, etc. In desire to reduce their risk of disease, many cigarette smokers have tried to quit smoking. Sensory aspects of cigarette smoke are important for providing smoking satisfaction. Previously it was reported that citric acid aerosol significantly reduced craving for cigarettes and enhances smoking reduction and cessation. In this study, we tested whether a newly combined product Ciga-X, an aerosol for cessation aid, had toxicity in human embryonic lung fibroblast (MRC-9). The inhibitory effect of Ciga-X on cytotoxicity induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or nicotine was examined in MRC-9, and craving for cigarettes and smorkers satisfaction after using Ciga-X was estimated. Ciga-X did not affect cell viability and had no toxicity in MRC-9. Ciga-X significantly inhibited not only CSE-induced cytotoxicity but also nicotine-induced cytotoxicity in MRC-9. One hundred and forty smokers rated the satisfaction for Ciga-X aerosol and craving reduction for cigarettes after using Ciga-X. The percentage of over 5 rating was 71.0% and 50.0% of subjects in satisfaction test for Ciga-X compared to their own brand and in craving reduction for cigarette, respectively. Besides, craving reduction for cigarette was highly correlated with the duration of smoking. Subjects have smoked under 10 years were more reduced in craving for cigarettes after using Ciga-X as compared to over 10 years (p=0.049). These results suggest that Ciga-X may be effective in promoting smoking abstinence with the reduction of CSE- or nicotine-induced human lung fibroblasts cytotoxicity.
Eighteen patients (13 female and ave male) aged from 15 to 62 years (mean age 42.6 years) underwent excision of cardiac myxoma(17 left atrial, one right atrial) between 1985 and 1994 at Pusan National University hospital. All patients complained of exertional dyspnea and most had a few additional symtoms including palpitation, chest pain, syncope, general weakness, weight loss, fever, cough and epigastric disconyort. The diagnosis was made by echocardiography alone in left atrial myxomas but a myxoma in right atrium was diagnosed incidentally during mitral valve replacement for rheumatic valvular heart disease. The tumor attachment sites were fossa ovalis in 13, other interatrial septum in 4, mitral valve annulus in one and free wall of left atrium in two cases. The tumor was excised successfully via right atriotomy in 8 and biatriotomy in 10 cases. There was no hospital nor late death, and no recurrent case during the follow up period. Curative surgical excision of cardiac myxoma can be performed with low morbidity and very low r currence rate.
Takayasu's arteritis is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause. It predominantly affects the aortic arch and its branches. Concomitant involvement of coronary and renal arteries is a rare entity. In this report, we described successful treatment of a patient with Takayasu's arteritis associated with coronary and renal arteries stenosis. A 23-year-old woman was presented with chest pain on exertion. Angiographic studies demonstrated left main coronary, bilateral renal, and left subclavian arteries stenosis. She underwent angioplasty and stenting of bilateral renal artery. After one week, coronary artery bypass grafting using greater saphenous veins and aorto-subclavian bypass with PTFE vascular graft were done simultaneously. She was discharged on the 13th postoperative day without any complications.
Background: The resection of recurrent non-small cell lung cancer can be performed very rarely. There has been many arguments for longterm result and therapeutic role in surgical management of recurrent non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). We analyze our result of surgical re-resection of recurrent NSCLC for 10 years retrospectively. Material and Method: In the period from 1987 to 1997, 702 patients who had been confirmed for NSCLC had undergone complete resection in Seoul National University Hospital. As December 1997, 22 of these patients have been operated on the diagnosis of recurrent lung cancer. In these patients one has revealed for benign nodule at postoperative pathologic pathologic was unresectable. and two had revealed other cell type on postoperative pathologic examination. Analysis about postoperative survival rate and the factors that influence postoperative survival rate - sex, age, pathologic stage, cell type, operation adjuvant therapy after first and second operation location of recurrence disease free survival-was 59.1$\pm$10.9 year. There were 14 men and 3 women. Four patients was received radiation therpy after first opration and two patients was received postoperative chemotherapy. At first operation 2 patients was stage Ia, 8 was stage Ib, 1 was stage IIa 6 was stage IIb. Eleven patients had squamous. cell carcinoma at postoperatrive pathologic examination five had adenocarcinoma and one had bronchioalveolar carcinoma. In second operation 8 patients were received limited resection. 9 were received lobectomy or pneumonectomy. One-year survival rate was 82.4% and five-year survival rate was 58.2% Non-adjuvant therapy group after initial operation was more survived than adjuvant therapy group statistically. Conclusion: operation was more survived than adjuvant therapy group statistically. Conclusion : Operation was feasible treatment modality for re-resectable non-small cell lung cancer. But we cannot rule out possibility of double primary lung cancer for them. Postoperative prognostic factor was adjuvant therapy or nor after first oepration but further study of large scale is needed for stastically more valuable result.
Background: Median sternotomy remains the standard approach used by surgeons for most intracardiac operations but the residual scar is cosmetically unsatisfactory. To avoid an unsightly midline scar we have tried to use alternative skin incision (bilateral subm-ammary skin incision) to median sternal skin incision, In this study we have tried to compare different postoperative results of wound between two different skin incisional methods. Material and Method: Between June 1997 and June 1998, a bilateral subma-mmary skin incision combined with vertical sternotomy was performed in 21 pediatric female patients (submammary group)to repair acyanotic congenital heart disease. after the period we carried out a retrograde study about postoperative wound states comparing this incision with median sternal skin incision controls in whom there were 23 pediatric pat-ients (control group). Result: Patients' age ranged from 14 to 96 months(mean 38.2 months) Mean duration of subcutaneous drains using Hemovac which was used only in the patients of submammary group was 4.2 days and total amount of the drained effusion was 51.1 ml. Postoperative wound complications included wound eruption in one patient wound disruption in one patient and skin necrosis in 3 patients in submammary group and included wound disruption in 4 patients in controls. mean duration required for wound healing was 15,5 days in submammary group versus 10.4 days in controls. The mean scar length was 12.5 cm in submammary group versus 11.3 cm in controls. The average follow-up was 8.2 months in submammary group versus 9.0 months in controls. In submammary group 3 patients parents(14.3%) were pleased with their cosmetic results of wound scar but 8(38.1%) were dissatisfied. Among the 23 patients in control group 8(34.8%) were pleased but 8(34.8%) complained ofunhappiness with the scar.
Kim, Hyun-Sik;Choi, Jung-Lim;Lee, Chang-Seop;Lee, Sang-Ho
Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
/
v.25
no.4
/
pp.782-787
/
1998
The treatment for pediatric dental patient has become more complex than the previous, because patients of pediatric dentistry, younger than the previous, and they were often combined with systemic disease. And, the importnace of conscious sedation has been increased by this time for this reason. In a variety of CNS depressants, newly developed imidazobenzodiazepine (midazolam) is well known as a safe and effective medicament. It has a rapid onset, minimized cardiovascular depression and various possible administering, route, so it is commonly used for the conscious sedation of pediatric dental patients. Recently, "intranasal drop-in method" draws attention for its safety, but discomfort during administration and posterior dripping through pharynx diminish its popularity. Now more advanced method for intranasal administration is introduced for conscious sedation for pediatric dental patients, it is "intranasal spray" with aerosol form of medicament. With this method, we can achieve some benefits as belows : 1. Diminished discomfort during intranasal spray than nitranasal drop-in. 2. Rapid osnet and reduction than intranasal drop-in. 3. Eliminatin of adverse reaction, such as rhinorrhea. 4. More improved behavior rating scale.
Purpose: This study examined the influencing factors for metabolic syndrome and the annual medical expenditures of metabolic syndrome among public officials. Methods: The National Health Insurance data in 2009 were collected for 364,932 public officials and the heath examination results and annual medical expenditures were analyzed using PASW 18.0 program. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is 17.6%, and it was higher in male officials than that of females in all age groups. In men, the influencing factors for metabolic syndrome were: age, family history of stroke, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, and obesity. However, in women, health-related behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and exercise did not affect metabolic syndrome. People who had metabolic syndrome showed significantly higher medical expenditures than those without metabolic syndrome. The odds ratios of having the highest quartile in medical expenditures were 1.372 (95% CI 1.252~1.504, p<.001) in women with metabolic syndrome and 1.213 (95% CI: 1.184~1.243, p<.001) in men. Conclusion: The results implied that health-related behaviors were associated with metabolic syndrome, and resulted in higher medical expenditures. In order not only to decrease the risk of metabolic syndrome but also reduce medical expenditures, nurses should plan health promotion strategies to educate public officials about healthy life strategies.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.