• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2007

This paper presents three methods for expression of reliability measures for large and small data. First method is to express parametric estimation of cardinal reliability measure data for large sample, which requires numerous sample. Second is to obtain nonparametric distribution classification of ordinal reliability measure data for small sample. However it is difficult for field user to understand this method. Last method is to acquire parametric estimation of ordinal reliability measure data for small data. Because this method requires small sample and is comprehensive, we recommend this one among the proposed methods. Various reliability rank measures are presented.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2021

Many researchers are using the heterosis, heterobeltiosis and hybrid vigour over check parent value formulae to determine the hybrid vigour for animals, plants and silkworm breeding. These formulae are ideal for determine the hybrid vigour for the positive direction of single trait. It is difficult using these formulae for multiple traits. Suggested modification for cardinal formulae were made as well as suggestion new formula for determines hybrid vigour for multiple traits. Modifications of hybrid vigour were made to facilitate judgment of best hybrids under study for multiple traits. Nineteen local hybrids of mulberry silkworm were prepared for these investigations in addition the imported Bulgarian hybrid. Comparison between the cardinal and the modifications formulae were applied for thirteen economic characters. Nine positive and four negative direction characters were observed. Modified formulae make the judgment of heterobeltiosis, heterosis and hybrid vigour over check parent value very facilitate for positive and negative traits.

• 한국디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디자인학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표대회 논문집 디자인 학 연구
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• pp.32-33
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• 1998

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2011

볼륨 가시화가 의료 데이터에 이용되면서 고화질 영상을 생성하고자 하는 요구가 계속되고 있다. 기존에 볼륨 가시화에 사용되던 선형 보간 필터는 상대적으로 빠른 속도로 좋은 화질의 영상을 생성하지만, 더 높은 화질의 영상을 생성하려면 고차 보간 필터가 필요하다. 고차 보간 필터를 사용하는 경우 성능 저하가 발생하는데, 재-샘플링의 연산 시간이 크게 증가하기 때문이다. 본 연구는 고차 보간 필터에 카디널 보간을 적용하여 고화질 볼륨 가시화를 수행한다. 그리고 빈공간 도약 기법을 적용 가능하게 하여 재 샘플링의 횟수를 감소시키고 효율적인 가시화를 수행한다. 구체적으로 볼륨 데이터를 일정 크기의 블록으로 나누고, 각 블록의 밀도값의 상계와 하계를 이용하여, 빈공간을 도약한다. 이 과정에서 본 연구는 각 블록의 밀도값의 상계와 하계를 계산하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 그 결과로서 빈공간 도약이 효율적으로 수행되어 고화질 볼륨 가시화 수행속도를 크게 향상되었다.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2007년도 한국음성과학회 공동학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.71-73
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• 2007

The Purpose of the study is to give Korean-English leaners better knowledge on vowel sounds in their learning English. The traditional description of the cardinal vowel system developed by Daniel Johns in 1917 is not enough to provide English learners with clear ideas in producing native like vowel sounds. For the reason, three Korean-native subjects, one male, one female and one child are chosen to produce 7 cardinal vowels and compare them with native English and American speaker's vowel sounds. The difference of produced vowels sounds is quantified and visualized by employing Sona-match program. The results have been fairly remarkable. Firstly, Korean-English learner's vowel sounds are articulated differently from their intention of vowel production. Secondly, the tongue positions of Koreans are placed slightly more down and forward to the lips than those of English and Americans. However, the front vowel /i/ sound is quite close to English and Americans. Lastly the mid-vowel /${\partial}$/ sound is not produced in any articulations of Korean-native speakers. It is thought that the mid vowel, /${\partial}$/ is a type of a weak sound regarded as 'schwa' which needs a great deal of exposure to the language to acquire a physical skill of articulation.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.362-366
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• 1996

This paper is generally divided in 2 parts. One is the study on vowels about korean singer's lyric song in view of Daniel Jones' Cardinal Vowel. The other is acoustic study on vowels in my singing about korean lyric song. Analysis data are KBS concert video tape and CSL's. NSP file on my singing and Informants are famous singers i.e. 3 sopranos, 1 mezzo, 2 tenors, 1baritone, and me. Analysis aim is to find out Korean 8 vowels([equation omitted]) quality in singing. The methods of descrition are used in closed vowels, half closed vowels, half open vowels, open vowels and rounded vowels, unroundes vowels and formants. The study of the former is while watching the monitor screen to stop the scene that is to be analysixed. The study of the latter is to analysis the spectrogram converted by CSL's. SP file. Analysis results are an follows: Visual and auditory korean vowels quality in singing have the 3 tendency. One is the tendency of more rounded than is usual Korean vowels. Another is the tendency of centralized to center point in Cardinal Vowel and the other is the tendency of diversity in vowel quality. Acoustic analysis is studied by means of 4 formants. Fl and F2 show similiar step in spoken. In Fl there is the same formant values. This seems to vocal organization be perceived the singign situation. The width of F3 is the widest of all, so F3 may be the characteristics in singing. In conclude, the characteristics of vowels in Korean lyric songs are seems to have the tendencies of rounding, centralizing to center point in Cardinal Vowel, diversity in vowel quality and, F3'widest width in compared with usual Korean vowels.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2005년도 제16회 정기총회 및 동계학술발표회
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• pp.338-339
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• 2005

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.265-272
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• 1999

In this paper we define generalized concepts of cardinal-ity of a fuzzy-valued function and obtained some properties of these new concepts.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1979

2부에 걸친 한글의 컴퓨터 처리에 관한 논문으로서, 제1부에서는 한글문자의 컴퓨터 처리의 제문제점을 확인하고 이를 위한 해결책으로 이론적 기반의 확립을 제안 하였다. 한글문자의 일차원적 문법과 이차원적 구조를 각각 BNF와 " patternal structure"를 사용하여 정의하고 이로부터 모아쓰기를 위한 lexical analysis 및 Parsing a1gorithm을 이론적으로 토론 하였다. 모아쓰기 algorithm은 한글의 입력과 출력 모두에 응용이 가능하며, device-independence를 위해 "cardinal symbol set"의 개념을 소개하였다. 제2부에서는 한글 컴퓨터 처리의 역사적 개론과 상기 algorithm의 implementation 문제점들을 토론하고자 한다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권12호
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• pp.610-614
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• 2017

Scientists planning research that involves the use of animals are required to examine the possibilities for replacement, reduction, or refinement (the Three Rs), and their protocol must be reviewed by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Good scientific practice involving appropriate search techniques on the available Three Rs resources is essential for both ethical and scientific reasons. Appropriate experimental design and statistical analysis techniques are particularly necessary for research involving the use of animals, because this can improve animal welfare and scientific outcomes, as well as saving animal lives. There are a number of resources to help researchers improve their search techniques, experimental design strategies, and their reporting of research involving the use of animals. However, there is little specific information or resources on the Three Rs alternatives that is readily available in the Korean language. This paper outlines the common errors made by submitting researchers that have been repeatedly observed during the ethical review of experimental protocols over the last ten years, and provides information on the Korean resources available to promote good scientific practice. This could help to bridge the gap between Korean scientists and animal welfare advocates assisting scientists to improve ethical considerations and conduct responsible research.