• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.575-579
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• 2005

A 6-month-old male Poodle was referred with chief complaint of dysponea and cough. Cyanosis was not detected. This dog was diagnosed as a case of canine patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) by X-ray and ultrasonography. Diuretics and bronchodialators were administered for 4 weeks. Clinical symptoms were not improved. Thoracotomy was done at right recumbent position. The length of ductus arteriosus was 8 mm and the diameter was 6 mm, respectively. Double ligation was performed in surgery. Continuous cardiac murmur, cough and strong femoral pulsation were disappeared after surgery. The diameters of the pulmonary artery and vein found to normal by X-ray on 10 days after operation. The diameter of the aorta measured to be larger than that of the main pulmonary artery by ultrasonography. The fractional shortening (FS) on 10 days after surgery was 17.32% by ultrasonography. The needle-acupuncture therapy was used in acupoints BL-15 as local point plus PC-6, HT-7 and HT-5 as distant points for 3 days (15 min/once/a day). The FSs were increased to 21.31% and 29.44% at 1 and on 3 days after acupuncture, respectively. The present patient was a case of typical canine PDA that showed favorable therapeutic responses by surgery combined with needle-acupuncture treatment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.363-366
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• 2003

Background: Left ventricular rupture after acute myocardial infarction is a serious complication with high mortality. Emergency operation is usually the only available treatment. A 76-year-old female with persistent chest pain and syncopal attacks was admitted. Transthoracic echocardiography showed the pericardial effusion and generalized hypokinesia of the inferolateral wall of left ventricle. Coronary angiography revealed a total occlusion of the first diagonal branch. After percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with coronary stent and insertion of intraaortic balloon pump, emergency operation was performed. Under cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac arrest with cold blood cardioplegia, coronary artery bypass graft with saphenous vein, pericardial patch covering on the rupture area with 6-0 polypropylene running sutures, and fibrin glue compression under the patch were performed. We present a case of left ventricular (free wall) rupture after acute myocardial infarction.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 2008

A ten-year-old Yorkshire Terrier developed serious abdominal distension and respiratory distress. Radiography and ultrasonography revealed a hyperechoic mass around the aorta that was contiguous with the right atrium and main pulmonary artery. It was resulted in failure of the right side of the heart including tricuspid regurgitation, hepatomegaly with dilation of the hepatic vein and severe ascites due to a large, expansile mass. Computed tomography(CT) identified a large mass originating at the cardiac hilar region and spanning from the cranial vena cava to the caudal vena cava. The tumor had invaded the cranial vena cava, caudal vena cava, heart and pleural wall. A tentative diagnosis of chemodectoma was assigned to the tumor through a fine needle aspiration. This report focuses on the typical features of imaging diagnosis of heartbase tumors by radiography, ultrasonography and CT.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.678-683
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• 1995

Arterial bypass for the chronic ischemia of the lower extremities underlying atherosclerotic obliterans has been performed with a number of alternative conduits from 1941 by Kunlin. It is indicated for the limb salvage of patients with threatened limb loss despite of several controversies in surgical treatment of atherosclerotic obliterans. From March 1991 to January 1995, 26 arterial bypasses were performed in 23 patients with the chronic ischemia of the lower extremities in our hospital. Their mean follow up period is 18.9 months ranging from 4 months to 44 months. Mean age is 60.9 years ranging 47 years to 76 years and the most prevalent incidence is the 6th decade. 21 patients are male and 2 patients are female. 19 of 23 patients are smokers. Clinical classifications by Fontaine are class II[21.7% , class III[34.8% and class IV[43.5% .Diabetes mellitus[47.8% , hypertension[43.5% , hyperlipid-emia[26% , tuberculosis[21.7% , cerebrovascular accident[13.0% and cardiac diseases[8.7% are associated. Aorto-single femoral bypass in 4 cases, aorto-bifemoral bypass in 5 cases, aortofemoral & femoropopliteal bypass in 2 cases, femoropopliteal bypass in 10 cases, popliteotibial bypass in 3 cases, femoropedal bypass[composite graft bypass in 2 cases were surgically approached. There are complicated early thrombosis in 4 cases those are required immediately reoperation, wound infection in 3 cases, hematoma in 3 cases, and so on. Postoperative complication rate is 53.8%.Postoperative patency rates are 84.6% at 6 months, 75.0% at 1 year, 70.0% at 2 years and 66.7% at 3 years. We usually used 6 mm & 8 mm graft for bypass, and the rate of thrombosis formation is 28.6%[2/7 in 6 mm graft and 12.5%[2/16 in 8 mm separately. In according to the graft materials, the rate of thrombosis formation is higher in the group using artificial graft than in that using autologous saphenous vein[16.6% vs 12.5% . Limb salvage rate is 76.9%. Postoperative mortality rate is zero %.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2015

Background: Controversy persists regarding the use of coronary endarterectomy (CE) in patients with severe coronary artery disease. We compared the comorbidities and perioperative characteristics of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with and without CE. Methods: This study was performed in two private hospitals in Shiraz, Iran from May 2010 to December 2011 on 967 patients who underwent CABG without CE and 84 patients who underwent CABG with CE (the CE+ group). After follow-up at $9.66{\pm}3.65$ months post-surgery, 28 patients from the CE+ group underwent angiography to evaluate the patency of grafts and native coronary vessels. Results: Patients in the CE+ group had a more prevalent history of diabetes (48% vs. 36%) and number of diseased vessels ($2.88{\pm}0.39$ vs. $2.70{\pm}0.85$). The overall hospital mortality was 1.8%, and no significant difference was observed between the two groups. In the 28 patients who underwent reangiography, 113 vessels were bypassed and 29 endarterectomies were performed, mostly on the left anterior descending artery (12 endarterectomies) and the right coronary artery (8 endarterectomies). In the endarterectomized vessels, a 66% patency rate was found in both the grafts and the native vessels. The native coronary vessels were more likely to be patent when the left internal mammary artery was used as a conduit than when a saphenous vein bypass graft was used. Conclusion: The lack of a significant difference in postoperative complications in patients who underwent CABG with or without CE may indicate that CE does not expose patients to a higher risk of complications. Since most of the endarterectomized vessels were shown to be patent during the follow-up period, we propose that endarterectomy is a viable option for patients with severely diseased vessels.

• Hip & pelvis
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.127-139
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• 2022

There is still controversy regarding clinical outcomes following primary hip arthroplasty after solid organ transplantation (SOT). The aim of this study was to determine whether clinical outcomes after hip arthroplasty differ between previous SOT recipients and control subjects with no history of undergoing SOT. We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies comparing the clinical outcomes after hip arthroplasty following SOT published up to January 5, 2022. A comparison of medical and surgery-related complications, as well as the readmission rate and 90-day mortality rate between previous SOT recipients and control subjects was performed. Subgroup analyses of the SOT types, liver transplantation (LT) and kidney transplantation (KT), were also performed. Ten studies that included 3,631,861 cases of primary hip arthroplasty were included; among these, 14,996 patients had previously undergone SOT and 3,616,865 patients had not. Significantly higher incidences of cardiac complications, pneumonia, and acute kidney injury were observed in the SOT group compared with the control group. Regarding surgical complications, a higher transfusion rate was observed in the SOT group. The readmission rate and 90-day mortality rate were also significantly higher in the SOT group. A significantly higher incidence of deep vein thrombosis was observed in the KT subgroup compared with the control group. A higher risk of medical and surgical complications, as well as higher readmission and mortality rates after hip arthroplasty was observed for previous SOT recipients compared to patients with no history of SOT.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.233-237
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• 2024

Bullet embolism is a potential complication of a gunshot wound, especially with a low-velocity missile. This is because the trajectory of the low-velocity bullet can be significantly slowed as it passes through tissue. An unusual form of travel can occur in which the bullet enters the vasculature but does not have enough kinetic energy to create a through-and-through wound, leading it to remain inside the vasculature. Once inside the vasculature, the bullet could migrate to different parts of the body, potentially causing complications such as ischemia, becoming a source of thromboembolism, or functioning as a nidus for infection. The management of a bullet embolism varies from case to case, as each patient with this issue has a unique body habitus that can result in infinite possibilities of the trajectory and destination of the bullet embolus. Additional damage to surrounding vasculature or tissue can occur, as well as embolization of the bullet to critical areas of the body. Here we present the case of a 72-year-old man who had a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the chest with a low-velocity bullet, which penetrated the right atrium of the heart. It traveled into the venous vasculature through the right atrium, into the inferior vena cava, and eventually settled in the right internal iliac vein. He refused further intervention and management after initial workup and resuscitation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.139-153
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• 1985

The passive tilt has been performed to study the orthostasis on the cardiovascular system. The orthostasis due to upright tilt was demonstrated as follows: the venous return, cardiac output and systemic arteiral blood pressure were decreased, whereas there was concomitant increase of heart rate, through the negative feedback mediated by such as the baroreceptor . Previous investigators have suggested that the tolerance to the orthostasis could he increased by blocking the cholinergic fiber with atropine which prevented vasodilation and bradycardia through the vasovagal reflex during the orthostasis. However, this hypothesis has not been clearly understood. This study was attempted to clarify the effect of atropine on the tolerance of the cardiovascular system to the upright and head-down tilt, and to investigate the change of the blood flow through head and lower leg with Electromagnetic flowmeter in both tilts before and after atropine state. Fourteen anesthetized dogs of $10{\sim}14kg$ were examined by tilting from supine position to $+77^{\circ}$ upright position (orthostasis), and then to $-90^{\circ}$ head-down position (antiorthostasis) for 10 minutes on each test. And the same course was taken 20 minutes after intravenous administration of 0.5mg atropine. The measurements were made of the blood flow(ml/min.) on the carotid artery, external jugular vein, femoral artery and femoral vein. At the same time pH, $PCO_2$, $PO_2$ and hematocrit (Hct) of the arterial and venous blood, and heart rate(HR) and respiratory rate (RR) were measured. The measurements obtained from upright and head-down tilt were compared with those from supine position. The results obtained are as follows: In upright tilt, the blood flow both on the artery and the vein through head and lower leg were decreased, however the decrement of blood flow through the head was greater than the lower leg And the atropine attenuated the decrement of the blood flow on the carotid artery, but not on the vessels of the lower leg. HR was moderately increased in upright tilt, but slightly in head-down tilt. The percent change of HR after the atropine administration was smaller than that before the atropine state in both upright and head-down tilts. Before the atropine state, RR was decreased in upright tilt, whereas increased in head-down tilt. However after the atropine state, the percent change of RR was smaller than that of before the atropine state in both upright and head-down tilts. In upright tilt, venous $PCO_2$ was increased, but arterial $PO_2$ and venous $PO_2$ were slightly decreased. Hct was increased in both upright and head-down tilts. The findings of blood $PCO_2$, $PO_2$ and Hct were not interferred by the atropine. In conclusion, 1;he administration of atropine is somewhat effective on improving the cardiovascular tolerance to postural changes. Thus, atropine attenuates the severe diminution of the blood flow to the head during orthostasis, and also reduces the changes of HR and RR in both orthostasis and antiorthostasis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2001

Objective : This experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of Persicae Semen(PS) and Caesalpiniae Lignum(CL) on the intravascular coagulation which is considered as thrombosis. Methods : Rats were pretreated orally with PS and CL extracts(PS: 8.45mg/100g, CL: 4.4mg/100g), and 1 hour later, to induce thrombosis, were given an endotoxin(0.01mg/100g) injection into the caudal vein. After 4hours we collected blood by cardiac puncture and measured the platelet count, the prothrombin time, the level of fibrinogen and the FDP(fibrinogen degradation product). Results : PS and CL supressed the decrease of the Platelet count and the prolongation of prothrombin time. In these factors, both groups showed significant effect. Both groups supressed the decrease of the fibrinogen level and the increase of the FDP level. But, only the PS group showed a significant effect on the fibrinogen level, and only the Cle CL group showed a significant effect on FDP level. Conclusions : PS had significant effects on the platelet count, the prothrombin time, and the FDP level. CL had significant effects on the platelet count, the prothrombin time, and the fibrinogen level. Therefore, PerSicae Semen and Caesalpiniae Lignum seem to be applicable to treating the diseases related to thrombosis.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.279-285
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• 1986

Carbamazepine is a derivative of iminostilbene with carbamyl group and related chemically to the tricyclic antidepressants. Carbamazepine has been introduced for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Recently it is used as an antiepileptic agent such as diphenylhydantoin. Antiepileptic drugs are known to affect experimentally induced cardiac arrhythmia and are now widely used clinically for treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias, particularly those produced by digitalis intoxication. Steiner et al.(1970) reported that carbamazepine was found to be very effective in converting ventricular tachycardia due to digitalis toxicity to normal sinus rhythm. Clinically bradycardia, complete heart block, ventricular standstill and Adams-stokes attack were reported in the course of carbamazepine treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of carbamazepine on the ouabain-induced arrhythmia in vivo. The rabbits of either sex, weighing from 1.6 to 3.2kg were anesthesized by urethane. After the trachea was cannulated, the rabbits were ventilated with room air using a respirator. Drugs were given into polyethylene cannula in the femoral vein. Blood pressure were recorded by physiograph via pressure tranducer connected with the cannula in the femoral artery. EKG were recorded by Physiograph via electrode implanted in both fore leg and left hind leg. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Arrhythmia was induced by continuous infusion of ouabain.($64{\pm}8.8{\mu}g/kg$) 2. Single administration of ouabain($64{\mu}g/kg$) induced arrhythmia which was persisted for 7-8 min. 3. Ouabain induced arrhythmia was restored to normal sinus rhythm by administration of carbamazepine.(The more dosage, the less frequent and the longer duration) 4. Severe bradycardia, A-V block, atrial fibrillation were seen on the EKG after injection of carbamazepine alone. By the above results, it may be concluded that carbamazepine inhibits the ouabain-induced arrhythmia by dose-dependent.