• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.208-213
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• 2002

목 적 : 수술 중, 후의 심근 손상은 선천성 심질환에 대한 개심술 후 심장 기능 부전의 주원인이다. 이 연구에서는 심근 세포에서만 발견되는 cardiac troponinI를 측정함으로서 수술 중, 후 심근 손상 정도와 회복 여부를 반영할 생화학적 표지자로서의 가치를 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법: 2001년 4월부터 7월까지 선천성 심질환으로 진단받고 개심술을 위해 본원에 입원한 환아 34명을 대상으로 하였다. Cardiac troponin I 치의 측정을 위해 술전 24시간 이내, 술후 1, 2, 3, 7일째에 각각 채혈을 시행했고, CPB 시간, ACC 시간, 기도 삽관시간, 수술 후 입원 기간을 측정하였다. 결 과 : Cardiac troponin I 치는 수술 후 1일째가 수술 전에 비해 유의한 증가가 있었고, 2, 3, 7일째에는 점차적으로 유의한 감소를 보였다. 심질환 별로는 수술 후 1일째 대혈관 전위에서 cardiac troponin I 치가 가장 높았고, 활로씨 4징, 방실중격결손, 심실중격결손, 심방중격결손 순으로 높은 치를 나타내었다. 심장폐 우회술 시간이 길수록, ACC 시간이 길수록 수술 후 1일째 cardiac troponin I 농도가 높았고, cardiac troponin I 농도가 높을수록 기도삽관 시간이 길었으나 입원 기간과는 상관관계가 없었다. 결 론: 개심술 후 시간에 따라, 개심술을 시행한 심질환에 따라 cardiac troponin I 농도의 의미 있는 증가와 점차적인 감소를 보임으로써 cardiac troponinI는 개심술 후 심근 손상의 정도 및 심근 손상에서의 회복 여부를 반영하는 생화학적 표지자로 가치가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.207-211
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• 2004

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the expression of cardiac marker protein in rabbit cardiac tissue that was exposed to ischemic preconditioning (IPC), or ischemiareperfusion injury (IR) using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). We compared 2DE gels of control (uninjured) cardiac tissue with those of IPC and IR cardiac tissue. Expression of one protein was detected in IR heart tissue, however the protein was not detected in the samples of control and IPC tissue. To further characterize the detected protein molecule, the protein in the 2D gel was isolated and subjected to trypsin digestion, followed by MALDI-MS. The protein was identified as myoglobin, which was confirmed also by Western blot analysis. These results are consistent with previous studies of cardiac markers in ischemic hearts, indicating myoglobin as a suitable marker of myocardial injury. In addition, the present use of multiple techniques indicates that proteomic analysis is an appropriate means to identify cardiac markers in studies of IPC and IR.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2020

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most significant postoperative complications of pediatric cardiac surgery. Because serum creatinine has limitations as a diagnostic marker of AKI, new biomarkers including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) are being evaluated to overcome these limitations and detect AKI at an early stage after cardiac surgery. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the clinical usefulness of these biomarkers in young children. Methods: Thirty patients with congenital heart diseases who underwent cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were selected, and their urine and blood samples were collected at baseline and 6, 24, and 48 hours after surgery. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels as well as NGAL, KIM-1, and IL-18 levels in urine samples were measured, and clinical parameters were evaluated. Results: Of the 30 patients, 12 developed AKI within 48 hours after cardiac surgery. In the AKI group, 8 of 12 (66.6%) met AKI criteria after 24 hours, and urine KIM-1/creatinine (Cr) level (with adjustment of urine creatinine) peaked at 24 hours with significant difference from baseline level. Additionally, urine KIM-1/Cr level in the AKI group was significantly higher than in the non-AKI group at 6 hours. However, urine NGAL/Cr and IL-18/Cr levels showed no specific trend with time for 48 hours after cardiac surgery. Conclusion: It is suggested that urine KIM-1/Cr concentration could be considered a good biomarker for early AKI prediction after open cardiac surgery using CPB in young children with congenital heart diseases.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2005

Background: Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a sensitive cardiac marker of myocardial injury. In normal coronary angiogram, positive cTnI values may be detected in various events such as sepsis, stroke, trauma and so on. To investigate characteristics of cTnI positive group in trauma patients, we designed this study between cTnI positive group and cTnI negative group. Method: Trauma patients who visited emergency room within 24 hours after accidents were included. Patients who had renal failure, acute coronary syndrome, sepsis, spontaneous SAH were excluded. Retrospective study of 97 trauma patients was done. We investgated ISS (injury severity score), positive cTnI, EKG abnormality, shock class, ICU admission rate and mortality. Result: In comparing with non chest trauma group, chest trauma group, whose chest AIS (Abbreviated Injury Score) is more than 3 point, had significant values in ISS, positive cTnI, EKG abnormality, shock class and ICU admission rate. Also, in non chest trauma group, we found several patients whose cTnI level was positive. When non chest trauma group was divided into two subgroups, the mortality and shock class of positive cTnI group were higher than that of negative cTnI group. When all trauma patients were divided into two groups, a positive cTnI group had higher values in ISS, shock class, ICU admission rate and mortality than that in a negative cTnI group. Conclusion: We found that cTnI were positive in patients of cardiac contusion but also in various trauma cases. In non chest trauma patients, we assumed that hypotension caused cTnI elevating. The cTnI could play a role in predicting prognosis in trauma patients.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.283-292
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• 2013

Ginsenosides are divided into two groups based on the types of the panaxadiol group (e.g., ginsenoside-Rb1 and -Rc) and the panaxatriol group (e.g., ginsenoside-Rg1 and -Re). Among them, ginsenoside-Re (G-Re) is one of the compounds with the highest content in Panax ginseng and is responsible for pharmacological effects. However, it is not yet well reported if G-Re increases the hemodynamics functions on ischemia (30 min)/reperfusion (120 min) (I/R) induction. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated whether treatment of G-Re facilitated the recovery of hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, perfusion pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow, and cardiac output) and left ventricular developed pressure (${\pm}dp/dt_{max}$). This research is designed to study the effects of G-Re by studying electrocardiographic changes such as QRS interval, QT interval and R-R interval, and inflammatory marker such as tissue necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in heart tissue in I/R-induced heart. From the results, I/R induction gave a significant increase in QRS interval, QT interval and R-R interval, but showed decrease in all hemodynamic parameters. I/R induction resulted in increased TNF-${\alpha}$ level. Treatment of G-Re at 30 and $100{\mu}M$ doses before I/R induction significantly prevented the decrease in hemodynamic parameters, ameliorated the electrocardiographic abnormality, and inhibited TNF-${\alpha}$ level. In this study, G-Re at $100{\mu}M$ dose exerted more beneficial effects on cardiac function and preservation of myocardium in I/R injury than $30{\mu}M$. Collectively, these results indicate that G-Re has distinct cardioprotectective effects in I/R induced rat heart.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2013

Arterial stiffness(AS) is an important pathologic state of vascular injury. This study was carried out to elucidate the effect of physiological variables on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(BAPWV), index of AS. Four hundred adults(volunteers) participated in this study. Body indices, biochemical, cardiac and inflammatory markers, and right(Rt)- and left(Lt)-BAPWV were measured. Body mass index(BMI), Rt- and Lt-BAPWV, glucose, triglyceride, alkaline phosphatase(ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT), creatinine, uric acid, troponin-I(TNI), NT-proBNP and high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) levels were higher than the reference value of each variable. Rt- and Lt-BAPWV were directly correlated with age, body weight, BMI, glucose, ketone, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, ALP, GGT, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein-B, blood urea nitrogen, heart rate, TNI, creatine kinase, CK-MB, lactic dehydrogenase, myoglobin, hs-CRP, lipase, reumatoid factor, fibrinogen and D-dimer (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001 or P<0.000, respectively), but inversely associated with total bilirubin, uric acid, apolipoprotein-A1 and GFR (P<0.05). These observations suggest that a variety of physiological variables may influence BAPWV, resulting in increased risk or prevention of cardiovascular and/or cerebrovascular attacks. Therefore, physiological variables affecting BAPWV should be regularly controlled.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2023

Background: Ginsenoside Rg2 (Rg2) has a variety of pharmacological activities and provides benefits during inflammation, cancer, and other diseases. However, there are no reports about the relationship between Rg2 and atherosclerosis. Methods: We used 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) to detect the cell viability of Rg2 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The expression of inflammatory factors in HUVECs and the expression of phenotypic transformation-related marker in VSMCs were detected at mRNA levels. Western blot method was used to detect the expression of inflammation pathways and the expression of phenotypic transformation at the protein levels. The rat carotid balloon injury model was performed to explore the effect of Rg2 on inflammation and phenotypic transformation in vivo. Results: Rg2 decreased the expression of inflammatory factors induced by lipopolysaccharide in HUVECs-without affecting cell viability. These events depend on the blocking regulation of NF-κB and p-ERK signaling pathway. In VSMCs, Rg2 can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and phenotypic transformation of VSMCs induced by platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-which may contribute to its anti-atherosclerotic role. In rats with carotid balloon injury, Rg2 can reduce intimal proliferation after injury, regulate the inflammatory pathway to reduce inflammatory response, and also suppress the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs. Conclusion: These results suggest that Rg2 can exert its anti-atherosclerotic effect at the cellular level and animal level, which provides a more sufficient basis for ginseng as a functional dietary regulator.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2011

Background: Cardiovascular complications are major causes of morbidity and mortality following non-cardiac thoracic operations. Recent studies have demonstrated that elevation of N-Terminal Pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels can predict cardiac complications following non-cardiac major surgery as well as cardiac surgery. However, there is little information on the correlation between lung resection surgery and NT-proBNP levels. We evaluated the role of NT-proBNP as a potential marker for the risk stratification of cardiac complications following lung resection surgery. Material and Methods: Prospectively collected data of 98 patients, who underwent elective lung resection from August 2007 to February 2008, were analyzed. Postoperative adverse cardiac events were categorized as myocardial injury, ECG evidence of ischemia or arrhythmia, heart failure, or cardiac death. Results: Postoperative cardiac complications were documented in 9 patients (9/98, 9.2%): Atrial fibrillation in 3, ECG-evidenced ischemia in 2 and heart failure in 4. Preoperative median NT-proBNP levels was significantly higher in patients who developed postoperative cardiac complications than in the rest (200.2 ng/L versus 45.0 ng/L, p=0.009). NT-proBNP levels predicted adverse cardiac events with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.76 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.545~0.988, p=0.01]. A preoperative NT-proBNP value of 160 ng/L was found to be the best cut-off value for detecting postoperative cardiac complication with a positive predictive value of 0.857 and a negative predictive value of 0.978. Other factors related to cardiac complications by univariate analysis were a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, a higher NYHA functional class and a history of hypertension. In multivariate analysis, however, high preoperative NT-proBNP level (>160 ng/L) only remained significant. Conclusion: An elevated preoperative NT-proBNP level is identified as an independent predictor of cardiac complications following lung resection surgery.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.515-521
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• 2007

Serine protease 억제약물인 aprotinin은 체외순환을 동반한 심장수술 후 필연적으로 발생하는 혈액성분 손상을 포함한 유해한 합병증을 감소시키기 위해 사용한다. 그러나 이 약물의 용량이나 사용법에 대해 여전히 논란의 여지가 있다. 본 연구자들은 심장수술 동안 심폐기 충전액에 저 용량의 aprotinin을 투여하여 그 효과를 연구하였다. 30명의 성인 심장수술 환자들을 대상으로 aprotinin 투여군(n=15)과 대조군(n=15)으로 나눈 뒤 수술 전, 동안, 후의 시기에 혈액학적 및 생화학적 변수들, 사이토카인 및 심장 표지자, 수술 후 각종 임상결과들을 비교분석 하였다. 혈소판수와 activated partial thromboplastin time은 수술 후 24시간 때 아프로티닌군이 대조군 보다 유의하게 높았다. Troponin-I 농도와 수술 후 출혈량은 아프로티닌군이 대조군보다 유의하게 낮았다. 이러한 결과들을 볼 때 심장수술시 저 용량의 aprotinin을 심폐기 충전액에 첨가하는 방법은 혈소판의 파괴를 줄여줘 수술 후 출혈량의 감소를 제공해주며 심근보호 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 향후 더 많은 성인 환자군과 소아환자에 대한 다양한 연구가 더 많이 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.233-252
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• 2024

Background and Objectives: Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) refers to the damage of cardiac function caused by restoration of blood flow perfusion in ischemic myocardium. However, long non-coding RNA prostate androgen regulated transcript 1 (PART1)'s role in MIRI remain unclear. Methods: Immunofluorescence detected LC3 expression. Intermolecular relationships were verified by dual luciferase reporter assay. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, flow cytometry and transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays analyzed cell viability and apoptosis. The release of lactate dehydrogenase was tested via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Left anterior descending coronary artery surgery induced a MIRI mouse model. Infarct area was detected by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Hematoxylin and eosin staining examined myocardial injury. ELISA evaluated myocardial marker (creatine kinase MB) level. Results: PART1 was decreased in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) induced AC16 cells and MIRI mice. PART1 upregulation attenuated the increased levels of Bax, beclin-1 and the ratio of LC3II/I, and enhanced the decrease of Bcl-2 and p62 expression in H/R-treated cells. PART1 upregulation alleviated H/R-triggered autophagy and apoptosis via miR-302a-3p. Mechanically, PART1 targeted miR-302a-3p to upregulate transcription factor activating enhancer-binding protein 2C (TFAP2C). TFAP2C silencing reversed the protected effects of miR-302a-3p inhibitor on H/R treated AC16 cells. We further established TFAP2C combined to dual-specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) promoter and activated DUSP5. TFAP2C upregulation suppressed H/R-stimulated autophagy and apoptosis through upregulating DUSP5. Overexpressed PART1 reduced myocardial infarction area and attenuated MIRI in mice. Conclusion: PART1 improved the autophagy and apoptosis in H/R-exposed AC16 cells through miR-302a-3p/TFAP2C/DUSP5 axis, which might provide novel targets for MIRI treatment.