• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.712-716
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• 2008

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.2149-2155
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• 2012

A metal-free and efficient procedure for the oxidation of alcohols into the corresponding carbonyl compounds has been described using ammonium nitrate in the presence of silica sulfuric acid under mild and heterogeneous conditions. The use of non-toxic and inexpensive materials, simple and clean work-up, short reaction times and good yields of the products are among the advantages of this method.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1727-1728
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• 2006

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.725-729
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• 1996

Reaction of carbonyl compounds with B-alkoxydiisopinocampheylborane (Ipc2BOR, R=H, Et, i-Pr, t-Bu) was investigated in detail in order to establish their usefulness as selective reducing agents. The reagents were extremely mild and reduced only aldehydes effectively under mild conditions. The reagents also reduced α,β-unsaturated aldehydes to the corresponding allylic alcohols without any detectable 1,4-reduction. Furthermore, aldehydes can be reduced in the presence of epoxides and acid chlorides. Consequently, the selective reduction of aldehyde groups in the presence of keto and all other functional groups has been realized with these reagents.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.362-365
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• 1996

Carbonyl compounds 1, alkyl- and arylaldehydes and alkyl, aryl, benzylic, and cyclic ketones were converted to the corresponding 1,3-dioxolanes 2 and 1,3-dioxanes 4 with ethylene glycol and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol in the presence of 1-3 mol% of 1-(p-substituted)benzyl-1,1-dimethyl-2-(p-substituted)-benzoyl hydrazinium hexafluoroantimonates 3 in high yields.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.119-124
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• 1988

The desmutagenic effects of ${\alpha}$-hydroxycarbonyl compounds, such as glyceraldehyde, glycolaldehyde, dihydroxyacetone, furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, maltol, acetol and acetoin and ${\alpha}$-dicarbonyls, such as diacetyl, glyoxal, methyl glyoxal and 2, 3-pentanedione were investigated against the mutagenic heterocyclic amines, such as Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, Glu-P-1, Glu-P-2 and IQ. Most of the carbonyl compounds suppressed the mutagenicity of heterocyclic amines for S. typhimurium TA98, ${\alpha}$-dicarbonyl compounds showing a higher desmutagenic effect than ${\alpha}$-hydroxycarbonyl compounds. Among the ${\alpha}$-hydroxycarbonyl compounds, glyceraldehyde, glycolaldehyde and dihy-droxyacetone showed more effective desmutagenicity, and diacetyl among the ${\alpha}$-dicabonyl compounds had the highest desmutagenic effect. These carbonyl compounds alone also showed mutagenicity to S. typhimurium TA100 without S-9 mix. The reaction of carbonyl compounds with mutagenic heterocyclic amines also eliminated the mutagenicity of the former for S. typhimurium TA100.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 2005

To use the filter materials for reduction of carbonyl compounds in cigarette mainstream smoke, the bead type cation and anion exchangers were synthesized by the suspension polymerization of GMA and DVB followed by the subsequent functionalization with sodium sulfite and diethylamine, respectively. FT-IR/ATR was used to characterize functionalized copolymer formation by sulfonation and amination, and the morphology change of ion exchangers according to the adsorption of cigarette mainstream smoke were observed by SEM. Ion exchange capacity, functionalization yield and adsorption properties of carbonyl compounds in cigarette mainstream smoke were investigated. The highest functionalization yields and ion exchange capacity were obtained at 5 wt% DVB content in co-monomer. The adsorption amount of carbonyl compounds in cigarette mainstream smoke of anion exchanger was higher than that of cation exchanger because of its electron delocalization in carbonyl group. The adsorption efficiency was increased in the presence of moisture. This results indicated that the anion exchanger was applicable for cigarette filter material because of its large ion exchange capacity and rapid ion exchange reaction.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2006

An automated carbonyl measurement system was constructed. Atmospheric carbonyl compounds were extracted onto DNPH containing collection solution while flowing through a glass coil. Each carbonyl species was separated on a HPLC column and quantified by UV absorption detector. Using this system, carbonyl compounds were continuously measured at the campus of Korea University in Seoul, Korea during June, 2005. Sampling resolution was 30 minutes and the detection limit of HCHO was 0.19 ppbv. Also, $\O_{3}$, it's precursors, and meteorological parameters were measured. The maximum, minimum, average, and median concentrations of HCHO during the whole experiment was 35.8 ppbv, 1.4 ppbv, 11.7 ppbv, and 9.3 ppbv respectively. Formaldehyde showed a distinct diurnal variation with a broad maximum around 13 $\sim$ 15, which was 1 $\sim$ 3 hours ahead of an ozone maximum. During a couple of days, however, HCHO concentrations were kept high through the night or increased concomitantly with NOx in the morning. These results imply that HCHO was mainly produced from the photochemical oxidation of VOCs, but local emission sources couldn't be ruled out. The differences between daily maximum and minimum of $O_{3}$ and HCHO were calculated for 11 days of June, when typical diurnal variations were observed for the two species. A strong positive correlation was found between $\Delta O_{3}$ and $\Delta HCHO$ and the average mole ratio of $\Delta HCHO$ to $\Delta O_{3}$ was 2.6. It indicates that formaldehyde played a key role in $\Delta O_{3}$ production as an indicator species in Metropolitan Seoul during June, 2005.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.363-367
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• 1974

Approximate rate and stoichiometry of the reaction of ten compounds which contain functional group such as nitrile, nitro, halogen and one of these functional group together with a carbonyl group by the two phase reduction were tested at room temperature. Nitrile, nitro and halogen were all inert under these condition. Therefore selective reduction of carbonyl group in the presence of these group were examined. Thus m-nitrobenzaldehyde, m-nitroacetophenone, p-bromoacetophenone and p-cyanobenzaldehyde were reduced to corresponding alcohols in excellent yields, 95∼100 %.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.985-990
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• 1994

Cross-interaction constants, ${\rho}^e_{XY}$, ${\rho}_{YZ}$ and ${\rho}_{XZ}$ are defined using observed rate constant, k_N=(k_1/k_{-1})k_2=Kk_2$, for the stepwise carbonyl addition reactions involving the rate-limiting breakdown of a tetrahedral intermediate $(T^{\pm})$. Abundant experimental evidence in the literature enables us to determine signs for the three constants for such mechanism, ${\rho}^e_{XY}$>0, ${\rho}_{YZ}$<0 and ${\rho}_{XZ}$0. These are in contrast to those for the concerted $S_N2$ mechanism, ${\rho}_{XY}$<0, ${\rho}_{YZ}$>0 and ${\rho}_{XZ}$, and provide useful mechanistic criteria. In the light of these criteria, mechanisms of some nucleophilic reactions of carbonyl compounds are re-examined.