• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.35-40
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• 2017

The rearside of concrete lining of tunnels constructed in cold region might experience on freezing due to the low temperature. This causes damage of concrete lining resulting in adverse affect on the durability as well as integrity of tunnel structure by causing damage to the concrete lining. In order to prevent the rearside of tunnel lining from freeing, the temperature change inside the concrete lining was measured by attaching a heating element to the tunnel lining surface and generating heat for a certain period of time. A special freezing chamber was developed to conduct the experiments considering in-situ environment. The carbone nanotube (CNT) was used as a heating element in this study. The temperature distribution of the concrete lining was measured by applying the heat to the heating element. The effect of the outside temperature and heating duration were analyzed.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate Korean medicine treatment on hemifacial spasm and to suggest future research direction. Methods We used seven electronic databases to find articles on Korean medicine treatment of hemifacial spasm and by analyzing the title, abstract, and main text, articles elucidating on Korean medicine treatment on hemifacial spasms were included. Results A total of 68 articles were searched from seven electronic databases. Excluding duplicate articles and articles that satisfied the exclusion criteria, nine articles were included in this study. Acupuncture was used in nine cases, herbal medicine in five cases, physical therapy in three cases, and cupping therapy in one case. In acupuncture, general acupuncture was used in five cases, pharmacopuncture in three cases, and Meridian tendino-musculature acupuncture and thread-embedding therapy in two cases each. Gamigwibi-tang used in two cases was the most frequently used herbal medicine. In physical therapy, carbone, hot pack, interferential current therapy, and silver spike point were used in two cases each. Conclusions It was confirmed that Korean medicine treatment for hemifacial spasm was attempted in varying methods and nearly all cases included in this study showed improvement. However, because of the low level of evidence due to the nature of these case reports, further studies should be conducted for an objective comparison and analysis on the effect of Korean medicine treatment compared to existing treatments.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.93-122
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• 2024

One well-known reason for using Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites is to improve concrete strength and strain capacity via external confinement. Hence, various studies have been undertaken to offer a good illustration of the response of FRP-wrapped concrete for practical design intents. However, in such studies, the strength and strain of the confined concrete were predicted using regression analysis based on a limited number of test data. This study presents an approach based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) to develop models to predict the strength and strain at maximum stress enhancement of circular concrete cross-sections confined with different FRP types (Carbone, Glass, Aramid). To achieve this goal, a large test database comprising 493 axial compression experiments on FRP-confined concrete samples was compiled based on an extensive review of the published literature and used to validate the predicted artificial intelligence techniques. The ANN approach is currently thought to be the preferred learning technique because of its strong prediction effectiveness, interpretability, adaptability, and generalization. The accuracy of the developed ANN model for predicting the behavior of FRP-confined concrete is commensurate with the experimental database compiled from published literature. Statistical measures values, which indicate a better fit, were observed in all of the ANN models. Therefore, compared to existing models, it should be highlighted that the newly developed models based on FRP type are remarkably accurate.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.157-157
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• 2010

우리나라는 기후변화협약에 대응하기 위한 교토의정서를 비준한 국가로서, 아직 온실가스의 의무감축 대상 국가는 아니다. 그러나 2012년부터 시작될 교토의정서 2차 공약기간 중에 브라질, 중국 및 인도와 같이 2차 의무감축대상이 가장 유력시 되는 국가로 지목되고 있으므로, 이러한 변화에 능동적으로 대처할 수 있는 기술적, 사회적, 정책적 방안이 신속히 마련될 필요가 있다. CCS(carbon capture & storage)란 화석연료로 부터 연소시 대기 중으로 배출되는 온실가스($CO_2$)를 포집하여 재생 또는 지중, 해양에 저장하는 기술로서 국가녹색성장 핵심기술중의 하나로 분류되며, 대료적인 $CO_2$ 발생대상인 석탄화력발전소로 부터 $CO_2$ 회수방안, 회수, 처리관련 연구를 포함하여 국내외 적으로 활발한 연구가 이루어 지고 있다. 순산소 연소기술을 통한 $CO_2$ 회수, 처리기술은 연료(천연가스, 석탄, 석유)의 산화제를 공기대신 순도 95% 이상의 고농도 산소를 이용하여 순산소연소를 하며, 이때 발생하는 배가스의 대부분은 $CO_2$와 수증기로 구성되어 있다. 발생된 배가스의 약 70~80%를 다시 연소실로 재순환시켜 연소기의 열적 특성에 적절한 연소가 가능하도록 최적화함과 동시에 배가스의 $CO_2$ 농도를 80% 이상으로 농축시켜 회수를 용이하게 하며, 특히 공해물질은 NOx 발생량을 10ppM 이하로 줄일 수 있다. 천연가스가 생산되는 LNG기지에서 LNG를 기화시키기 위하여 해수식 기화기(ORV : Open Rack Vaporizer와 수중연소식 기화기(SMV ; Submerged Combustion Vaporizer)를 사용하고 있으며, 특히 SMV는 버너를 이용하여 $-162^{\circ}C$ LNG를 $10^{\circ}C$의 LN로 기화시키는 설비로서 이때 연소시 $CO_2$를 상당량 발생시킨다. 본 논문에서는 SMV에서 순산소 연소방식을 적용하여 연료인 천연가스를 연소시키고, 이때 발생되는 $CO_2$와 수분이 주 성분인 배가스를 연소기에 재순환시켜, 연소실내 고온문제를 해결하며, 최종적으로 배가스중 $CO_2$는 $-162^{\circ}C$의 LNG 냉열을 이용하여 고순도의 액체 $CO_2$로 액화시키므로서 $CO_2$의 회수, 처리문제를 해결하는 방식을 소개하고자 한다. 이러한 방식은 천연가스에서 발생되는 $CO_2$ 회수를 LNG 냉열을 활용하므로서 폐열을 활용하는 에너지 효율적인 문제와 사용가능한 고순도 $CO_2$로 회수하므로서 환경적인 문제를 처리하는 기술이라 할 수 있다.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.31-36
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to examine the effects of morphology on properties of La-Co substituted SrM ferrite. The magnetic properties of calcined and sintered materials were varried with the substitutional amount of La and Co elements in Sr-ferrite. In the substituted SrM ferrite, the atomic fraction x of La is directly related to the mole ratio n of iron oxide and the atomic fraction y of Co by equation x=2ny. The Hcj values of the calcined powder were about 270 kA/m and 240 kA/m with x=0.3 and x=0.2, respectively at stoichiometry, n=6.0. Crystallites of the sintered material were grown with a plate shape, and their size decreased with increasing mole ratios. Such a shape was caused by the initial state of crystallite formed after calcination. In case of x=0.3 and n=6.0, Br was 415 mT and Hcj was 355 kA/m, and in x=0.2 and n=6.0, Br was 410 mT and Hcj was 370 kA/m. The squareness in 2nd quarter of BH curve with x=0.2 was smoothly improved to compared with x=0.3.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.177-182
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• 2003

Saururus chinensis Baill (Saururaceae) is a perennial plant that has been used for therapy of edema, jaundice and gonorrhea in Korean folk medicine. This study was carried out to investigate the inhibitory effects of Saururus chinensis Baill(SCB) on hepatoprotective effects in accutely Carbone Tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) treated rats. Saururus chinensis Baill (100 mg/kg) was administered into rats intraperitoneally for 2 weeks, after the injection of CCl4 (3.3 ml/kg). We dxamined the biochemical parameters by measuring the levels of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Total cholesterol, Triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol in serum and Malonedialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue of rats. cholesterol was siginificantly elevated in $CCl_4$-treated abnormal group (CTA). The higher level of HDL-cholesterol was found is Saururus chinensis Baill and CCl4 administered group (SCT), which showed the lower levels of Total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. TG content in the SCT was decreased compared to CTA by 0.93 times. MDA content in the SCT was inhibited compared to CTA by 33.00%. These findings indicate that Saururus chinensis. Baill may have a protective effect against CCl4-treated hepatotoxicity in rats.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.45-63
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics in children and adolescents with peripheral facial palsy that was treated with Korean medicine. Methods The study was conducted based on 284 cases that consisted of 261 children (less than 19 years old) who visited the hospital of Korean medicine from August 2010 to August 2014. Then, this study was analyzed by reviewing the patients' charts. Results The incidence of facial palsy in pediatric patients was more common in boys than in girls and the mean age was 11.2 years. The prevalence of facial palsy was more common in winter and most were diagnosed with Bell's palsy. Recurrence was identified in 12.6% of the patients. The average age of the first attack was 9.5 years. It took about 3.2 years for recurrence to occur from the first onset. It took about 5 days to visit the hospital of Korean medicine from the onset. 81% of the patients came within 1 week from the onset. 50.7% of the cases did not receive any treatment before and 49.3% were previously treated at other hospitals. More than half of the patients (65.1%) received Korean medicine first. 54.6% of the patients were hospitalized and 45.4% received outpatient treatments in the hospital of Korean medicine. Outpatient treatments were administered about 11.5 times while hospitalized patients were treated for an average of 16.6 days. In general, hospitalized patients were treated more often than the outpatient group. An overall average duration of treatment was 70.6 days from the onset of facial palsy until the last day of treatment, and 53.0 days from the first day of treatment until the last day of treatment. 41.5% of the cases were treated only with Korean medicine and 49.0% were treated with a combination of Korean and Western medicine. The types of Korean medicine treatment used for facial palsy in descending order of frequency were acupuncture, Infra red, herbal medicine, SSP therapy, electro-acupuncture, carbone, hot pack, cupping, and moxibustion. The treatments that were most frequently used from Western medicines were steroid as monotherapy (61.7%) and a combination of steroids and antiviral therapy (37.6%). Conclusions This result showed that the risk of facial palsy recurrence among children is relatively high and that facial palsy requires a long-term treatment. It's helpful to explain about prognosis, treatment duration, and recurrence potential in children. Facial palsy in children is treated in various ways but more studies about the therapeutic effects of Korean medicine, Western medicine, and combination of Korean-Western medicine in children are needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 2004.12a
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• pp.27-34
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to examine the effects of morphology on properties of La-Co substituted SrM ferrite. The magnetic properties of calcined and sintered materials varied with the substitutional amount of La and Co elements in Sr-ferrite. In the substituted SrM ferrite, the atomic fraction x of La is directly related to the mole ratio n of iron oxide and the atomic fraction y of Co by equation x=2ny. The HcJ values of the calcined powder were about 270 kA/m and 240 kA/m with x=0.3 and K=0.2, respectively at stoichiometriy, n=6.0. Crystallites of the sintered material were grown with a plate shape, and their size decreased with increasing mole ratios. Such a shape was caused by the initial state of crystallite formed after calcination. In case of x=0.3 and n=6.0, Br was 415 mT and HcJ was 355 kA/m, and in x=0.2 and n=6.0, Br was 410 mT and HcJ was 370kA/m. The squareness in 2nd quarter of BH curve with x=0.2 was smoothly improved compared with x=0.3

• KSBB Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.525-530
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• 2002

The optimum culture conditions for tropane alkaloid production in hairy root cultures of Korea native Scopolia paviflora Nak. were investigated. Hairy root was induced from the rhizome of the mother plant on B5 medium containing 1.0 mg/L IBA. Among the culture media examined, 1/2 B5 medium was the best for tropane alkaloid production, whereas the growth of hairy root increased in SH medium. The best result on the growth of hairy root was obtained in 1.0 mg/L NAA, and tropane alkaloid production was obtained in plant growth regulator-free medium. Of the carbone sources tested, 3% sucrose promoted the growth of hairy root, whereas 5% sucrose increased tropane alkaloid production. Optimum inoculum densities for root growth and tropane alkaloid production were 0.5 g and 1 g, respectively. The addition of XAD resins (1 % w/v) to hairy root cultures led to increases in tropans alkaloid production, and the release of alkaloid into the medium and its adsorption by the resin accounted for about 50 to 80％ of total production. It is concluded that optimized culture conditions and the addition of XAD resins could be used in the development of a bioprocess for tropane alkaloid production in hairy root cultures of S. paviflora Nak.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.126-130
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• 2012

Purpose : Methode an effective block was investigated to deal with volatile radioactive gas, short lived radioactive waste generated as a result of the routinely produced radiopharmaceuticals FDG (2-deoxy-2-[$^{18}F$]fluoro-D-glucose) and compound with $^{11}C$. Materials and Methods : All components of the radiation stack monitoring and data management system for continuous radioactive gas detection in the air extract system purchase from fixed noble gas monitor of Berthold company. TEDLAR gas sampling bags purchase from the Dongbanghitech company. TEDLAR gas sampling bags (volume: 10 L) connected via paraflex or PTFE tubing and Teflon 3 way stopcock. When installing TEDLAR gas sampling bags in Hot cell on the inside and not radioactive gas concentrations were compared. According to whether the Hot cell inside a activated carbon filter installed, compare the difference in concentration of the radioactive gas $^{18}F$. Comparison of radiation emission concentration difference of module a FASTlab and TRACElab. Results : Activated carbon filter are installed in the Hot cell, a measure of the concentration of radioactive gas was 8 $Bq/m^3$. Without activated carbone filter in the hot cell was 300 $Bq/m^3$. Tedlar bag prior to installation of the radioactive gases a measure of the concentration was 3,500 $Bq/m^3$, $^{11}C$ synthesis of the measured concentration was 27,000 $Bq/m^3$. After installed a Tedlar bag and a measure concentration of the radioactive gases was 300 $Bq/m^3$ and $^{11}C$ synthesis was 1,000$Bq/m^3$. Conclusion : $^{11}C$ radioactive gas that was ejected out of the Hot cell, with the use of a Tedlar gas sampling bag stored inside. A compound of 11C is not absorbed onto activated carbon filter. But can block the release out by storing in a Tedlar gas sampling bag. We was able to reduce the radiation exposure of the worker by efficient radiation protection.