• 청정기술
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2000

상압유통식 고정층반응기를 이용하여 전이금속을 ALO-6에 담지한 촉매상에서 휘발성유기화합물인 벤젠, 톨루엔, 자일렌의 촉매산화에 관하여 조사하였다. 15% 전이금속/ALO-6 촉매상에서 톨루엔의 완전산화반응에 대한 활성의 크기는 Cu>Mn>Fe>V>Mo>Co>Ni>Zn의 순서였다. 15% Cu/ALO-6 촉매에서 소성온도의 증가는 비표면적을 감소시켰고 결과적으로 활성은 감소하였다. Cu/ALO-6촉매계에서 Cu의 담지량이 5%일 때 활성이 우수하였다. 5% Cu/ALO-6촉매상에서 벤젠, 톨루엔, 자일렌은 반응온도 $380^{\circ}C$, 접촉시간 4.5 g-cat.hr./g-mole 이상일 때 이산화탄소로 완전산화 되었다. 반응물에 따른 활성순서는 톨루엔>자일렌>벤젠 이었다. 반응물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 self-poison 에 기인하여 활성은 감소하였다.

• 청정기술
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2006

철과 니오븀의 몰비가 1/0, 10/1, 5/1, 1/1, 1/5, 1/10 및 0/1 인 철-니오븀 촉매상에서 일산화탄소에 의한 아황산가스의 원소 황으로의 환원이 고정층 흐름반응기에서 연구되었다. 촉매 활성 및 선택도 면에서 우수한 상승효과를 철-니오븀 촉매에서 관찰할 수 있었으며, 가장 우수한 촉매 현상은 철과 니오븀의 몰비 1/1 촉매에서 관찰되었다. 활성화된 철-니오븀 촉매의 활성상은 XRD와 XPS 의 분석결과 $FeS_2$ 로 확인되었다. 일산화탄소에 의한 아황산가스의 선택적 환원은 카르보닐 황화물 반응중간체 메커니즘을 따르는 것으로 나타났다.

• 청정기술
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 중형 기공성 실리카 담체인 MCM-41과 SBA-15를 활용하여 팔라듐과 구리를 담지한 후, 제조 촉매의 수중 질산성 질소 저감 반응 활성을 평가하였다. 순수 수소 공급 반응 조건에서, 질산성 질소의 농도는 반응 시간에 따라 점차 저감되었지만, 반응기 내부에 높게 형성된 pH로 인해 질소의 선택도가 매우 낮은 문제점이 발견되었다. 이를 해결하기 위해 이산화탄소를 수소와 함께 공급하여 pH의 안정화를 도모하였고, 질소 선택도를 40% 가량 증가시켰다. 상기 두 반응 조건에서 모두 Pd-Cu/MCM-41가 Pd-Cu/SBA-15보다 높은 활성을 나타냈다. 이와 같이 수중 질산성 질소 저감 반응의 활성에 차이를 보이는 두 촉매에 대하여, 질소 흡-탈착, XRD, $H_2$-TPR, XPS 등과 같은 특성 분석을 수행하여 제조 촉매의 구조와 물성이 반응활성에 미치는 영향을 검토해보았다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2011

RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링으로 가스조성비와 기판의 온도를 변화시키면서 $Tio_2$ 박막을 성장하였다. XRD, SEM, AFM 및 분광 광도계를 이용하여 박막의 구조와 광학적 특성을 고찰하였다. 박막에는 아나타제 결정성만 관찰되었으며 온도가 높아질수록 회절 피크의 강도가 증가하였다. 산소농도가 증가함에 따라 기둥구조의 결정성장률이 감소되었으며 굴절률과 흡수율은 감소하였다. $Tio_2$ 박막은 300~400oC의 기판온도와 10 %의 $O_2$ 분위기에서 성장한 박막의 표면이 매끄럽고 투과특성이 우수한 $300{\sim}400^{\circ}C$ 박막을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.613-623
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• 2016

In this study, pilot experiments were conducted by setting operation conditions to analyze characteristics of emission for air pollutant from small two-stroke engines. Emission factors of the measured concentration of pollutant were compared with EEA. Emission factor of CO analyzed by experiments - concentration, flow rate, fuel consumption, etc.- was estimated at 816,011 g-CO/ton-fuel in average. It was confirmed that more than 80% of the fuel consumption is discharged to the Carbon Monoxide, and that as the engine load becomes higher, emission factor of CO increases in the form of log function. The average emission factor of $NO_x$ and $PM_{10}$ was $3,801g-NO_x/ton-fuel$ and $3,730g-PM_{10}/ton-fue$l each. The deviation was not large by comparing the fuel-based emission factor of EEA and the result of this study. Since considerable pollutants are expected to be discharged from the small two-stroke engines, continuous research and support of the policy is required.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.615-623
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• 2004

This study was conducted for developing the emission factors of nitrogen oxide(NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO) from the combustion boilers burning liquefied natural gas (LNG). These emission factors were compared with those of U.S. EPA and European Environment Agency (EEA). NOx and CO concentration in the flow gas were measured using Kane-May, KM9106 and Thermo Environmental Instruments Inc., 42C-HL. Measurement were conducted at thirty industrial and commercial LNG boilers. Emission factors were calculated on the basis of fuel consumption (kg-pollutant/㎥-fuel burned). NOx concentration at industrial boiler was 14~125 ppm and it was measured as 35~125 ppm at commercial boiler. NOx emission factors of industrial boiler and commercial boiler were 1.84kg/$m^3$ and 2.09kg/$m^3$, respectively. NOx emission factor of commercial boiler was higher than that of industrial boiler. The NOx emission factors estimated in this study were lower than those of U.S. EPA and higher than those of EEA. Average CO emission factor of industrial boiler was 0.65 kg/$m^3$ and at commercial boiler it was 0.70kg/$m^3$, CO emission factor at industrial boiler was lower than that at commercial boiler.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2006

Recently, pollution by development in coastal areas is going from bad to worse. The Korean government is attempting to make policies that prevent water pollution, but it is still difficult to say whether such measures are lowering pollution to an acceptable level. More specifically, the general investigation that has been done in KOREA does not accurately reflect the actual conditions of pollution in coastal areas. An investigation that quantitatively assesses water quality management using rational prediction technology must be attempted, and the ecosystem model, which incorporates both the 3-dimensional hydrodynamic and material cycle models, is the only one with a broad enough scope to obtain accurate results. The hydrodynamic model, which includes advection and diffusion, accounts for the ever-changing flow and (quality) of water in coastal areas, while the material cycle model accounts for pollutants and components of decomposition as sources of the carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen cycles. In this paper, we simulated the rates of dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen(T-N) and total-phosphorous(T-P) in Korea's Ulsan Area. Using the ecosystem model, we did simulations using a specific set of parameters and did comparative analysis to determine those most appropriate for the actual environmental characteristics of Ulsan Area. The simulation was successful, making it now possible to predict the likelihood of coastal construction projects causing ecological damage, such as eutrophication and red tide. Our model can also be used in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of future development projects in the ocean.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.570-576
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• 2014

LFG (Land-Fill Gas) includes components of $CH_4$, $CO_2$, $O_2$, $N_2$, and water. The preparation of synthesis gas from LFG as a DME (Dimethyl Ether) feedstock was studied by methane reforming of $CO_2$, $O_2$ and steam over NiO-MgO-$CeO_2$/$Al_2O_3$ catalyst. Our experiments were performed to investigate the effects of methane conversion and syngas ratio on the amount of LFG components over NiO-MgO-$CeO_2$/$Al_2O_3$ catalyst. Results were obtained through the activity reaction experiments at the temperature of $900^{\circ}C$ and GHSV of 4,000. The results were as following; it has generally shown that methane conversion rate increased with the increase of oxygen and carbon dioxide amounts. Highly methane conversion of 92~93% and syngas ratio of approximately 1.0 were obtained in the feed of gas composition flow-rate of 243ml/min of $CH_4$, 241ml/min of $CO_2$, 195ml/min of $O_2$, 48ml/min of $N_2$, and 360ml/min of water, respectively, under reactor pressure of 15 bar for 50 hrs of reaction time. Also, it was shown that catalyst deactivation by coke formation was reduced by excessively adding oxygen and steam as an oxidizer of the methane reforming.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

국부적인 두께감소 문제에 대하여 직관부위를 대상으로 한 건전성 평가는 잘 알려져 있으나 엘보우를 대상으로 한 건전성 평가는 최근에 원자력 분야에서는 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있으나 석유화학 플랜트에서 이용되는 건전성 평가 지침서 중 하나인 API579 코드에는 아직 없는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 엘보우를 대상으로 엘보우의 외부(extrados)와 내부(intrados)에 두께 감소가 있다고 가정한 후 유한요소해석법을 이용하여 두께감소된 엘부우의 건전성평가 해석을 수행하였다. 본 해석 결과는 석유화학 플랜트에서 이용되는 엘보우의 건전성 평가에 이용될 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2002

Odor generated during composting of livestock manure is mainly due to ammonia emission. Biofiltration is a desirable method to control composting odor. This study was conducted to analyze the efficiency of using fresh compost as a biofilter. A mixture of cattle manure and recycled compost was composted in a bin equipped with a suction-type blower. The exhaust gas was filtered through the fresh compost. Residence time was controlled by the flow rate of exhaust gas and the depth of filtering materials. At the aeration rate of 30 L/min(experiment I), ammonia reduction rate varied from 100% to -15% for biofilter A(residence time 56.5 s) and almost 100% for biofilter B(residence time 113 s). At the aeration rate of 30 L/min, the cumulative ammonia reduction rate was 80.5% for biofilter A and 99.9% for biofilter B. At the aeration rate of 50 L/min(experiment II), the lowest reduction rate showed a negative value of -350% on the 8th and 9th day for biofilter A(residence time 33.9 5), and 50% on the loth day for biofilter B(residence time 67.8s). At the aeration rate of 50 L/min, the cumulative ammonia reduction rate was 82.5% fur biofilter A and 97.4% for biofilter B. Filtering efficiency was influenced by residence time. The moisture content(MC) and total nitrogen(T-N) of the filtering material were increased by absorbing moisture and ammonia included in the exhaust gas, while pH was decreased and total carbon(T-C) remained unchanged during the filtering operation.