• 식품기술
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.151-158
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• 1995

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.112-117
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• 2015

The analytical method for ethyl carbamate (EC) in maesil (Prunus mume) extract was developed with deuterium-labeled ethyl carbamate as an internal standard. Samples were neutralized with an addition of 1 N sodium hydroxide solution, followed by a solid phase extraction with a Chem Elut cartridge. A standard curve exhibited a good linearity with correlation coefficient of 0.9991. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 2.91 ng/g and 8.83 ng/g, respectively. The recovery rate of EC ranged from 91.40% to 120.90%. The precision never exceeded 12.57% (intra-day) and 11.03% (inter-day). Samples were comprised of 24 home-made and 7 commercially-available maesil extracts. Eight home-made samples contained EC at levels between 3.39 and 75.76 ng/g. Three commercially-available samples had EC at levels between 11.67 and 20.16 ng/g. Average daily intakes of EC from maesil extracts for consumers were 0.23 g/kg of body weight. Based on a benchmark dose confidence limit ($BMDL_{10}$) of 0.25 mg/kg of body weight/day, the margin of exposure (MOE) of EC in maesil extract for consumers was 94,150, which is not of concern. Considering that a daily intake of maesil extract has been increasing, further studies on the formation of EC in maesil extract is needed.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 1998

버드나무 껍질중의 배당체인 salicin으로부터 유래된 salicylic acid와 그 유사화합물인 3-hydroxy benzoic acid의 질산화된 중간체를 출발물질로 하여 몇몇의 알콜과 에스테르화반응을 거쳐 유기인계 및 카바메이트계 화합물의 전구체를 합성하였다. 합성된 전구체의 수산기에 diethylchlorophosphate와 methyl isocyanate를 반응시켜 유기인계 및 카바메이트계 화합물 11종을 합성하였다. 합성된 화합물은 살충, 살균활성실험을 실시하였다. 유기인계 화합물의 벼멸구에 대한 활성은 500 ppm의 농도에서 O-(2-carbomethoxy-4-nitro phenyl) O,O-diethylphosphate 화합물이 96%의 살충력을 보였다. 반면 carbamate 화합물의 경우는 500ppm농도에서 살충력이 전혀 나타나지 않았다. 살균효과는 유기인계 화합물인 경우 도열병에 대해서 ester에 관계없이 250 ppm농도에서 95% 이상의 방제가를 나타냈으며, 그 이외의 병원균에서는 낮은 방제가를 보였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.571-580
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• 2009

실시간 측정 및 이동성이 자유로운 칩 형태의 바이오센싱 원천 기술개발은 잔류 농약 검출을 비롯하여 생 유기 물질 분석에 유용하게 활용되어 환경과학, 식품과학, 의학진단, 신약개발 등의 연구 및 응용분야에 큰 기여를 할 것으로 예상된다. 본 총설에서는 유기인계/카바메이트계 농약 검출의 중요성을 토대로 최근 개발된 광학 바이오칩 센서와 이를 통해 응용된 농약검출방법에 관련한 국내 외 기술개발 동향 및 발전가능성에 대해서 서술하고자 하며, 더 나아가 바이오칩 센서에 다양한 나노소재 및 마이크로 나노 공정 기술을 융합함으로써 소형화가 용이하고, 더욱 우수한 감도와 선택성을 갖는 유기인계/카바메이트계 농약 맞춤형 나노융합 바이오칩 센서 개발연구에 대해 논의하고자 한다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.154-161
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• 1989

1,3-Dimethyl-4-acyl-5-hydroxypyrazoles와 methylisocyanate로 부터 제초활성이 있는 1,3-dimethyl-4-acy1-pyrazol-5-yl-N-methylcarbamate 유도체를 합성하였다. 이 화합물들의 구조가 IR, UV, $^{1}H-NMR$, $^{13}C-NMR$ 등의 기기분석에 의해 1,3-dimethyl-4-be-nzoyl-pyrazol-5-yl-N-methylcarbamate(V), 1, 3-dimethyl-4-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-pyrazo1-5-yl-N-methylcarbamate(VI) 그리고 1,3-dimethyl-4-(2,4-dichlorobenzoy1)-pyrazo1-5-yl-N-methylcarbamate(VII) 임이 확인되었다. 이 합성 화합물들의 처리에 의한 벼, 무우, 녹두 및 물잔디 종자의 발아 및 생육에 미치는 phytotoxicity를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 일반적으로 4-acyl-pyrazol-5-yl-N-methylcarbamate 화합물들의 저농도(50ppm)에서는 식물종자의 발아에 큰 영향을 주지 않았으며, 농도가 증가할수록 종자의 발아와 생육을 억제하는 경향이었다. 그들은 벼와 물잔디의 줄기의 생육에는 크게 영향을 주지 않았으며, 녹두와 무우의 생육에는 강하게 억제하는 현상을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1527-1536
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• 2022

Escherichia coli can use allantoin as its sole nitrogen source under anaerobic conditions. The ureidoglycolate produced by double release of ammonia from allantoin can flow into either the glyoxylate shunt or further catabolic transcarbamoylation. Although the former pathway is well studied, the genes of the latter (catabolic) pathway are not known. In the catabolic pathway, ureidoglycolate is finally converted to carbamoyl phosphate (CP) and oxamate, and then CP is dephosphorylated to carbamate by a catabolic carbamate kinase (CK), whereby ATP is formed. We identified the ybcF gene in a gene cluster containing fdrA-ylbE-ylbF-ybcF that is located downstream of the allDCE-operon. Reverse transcription PCR of total mRNA confirmed that the genes fdrA, ylbE, ylbF, and ybcF are co-transcribed. Deletion of ybcF caused only a slight increase in metabolic flow into the glyoxylate pathway, probably because CP was used to de novo synthesize pyrimidine and arginine. The activity of the catabolic CK was analyzed using purified YbcF protein. The V_max is 1.82 U/mg YbcF for CP and 1.94 U/mg YbcF for ADP, and the K_M value is 0.47 mM for CP and 0.43 mM for ADP. With these results, it was experimentally revealed that the ybcF gene of E. coli encodes catabolic CK, which completes anaerobic allantoin degradation through substrate-level phosphorylation. Therefore, we suggest renaming the ybcF gene as allK.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.2694-2698
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• 2014

A multisegmented polystyrene (PS) with pH-cleavable ester and carbamate linkages was successfully synthesized by a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azide and alkynes (click chemistry). ATRP was employed to synthesize polystyrene from hydroxyl-terminated initiator using CuBr/N,N,N',N",N"-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) as the catalyst. The reaction of the resulting PS with sodium azide yielded the azido-terminated polymer. The hydroxyl group in the other end of the polymer was reacted with 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (NPC), followed by reaction with propargylamine to produce an alkyne end group with a carbamate linkage. The PS with an alkyne group in one end and an azide group in the other end was then self-coupled in the presence of CuBr/2,2'-bipyridyl (bpy) in DMF to yield a desired multisegmented PS. Molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the self-coupled polymer increased with time, as in the typical step-growth-type polymerization processes. Finally, we demonstrated that the ester and carbamate linkages of the multisegmented PS were hydrolyzed in the presence of HCl to yield individual PS chains.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.194-200
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• 1990

The paraoxonase (E. C. 3.1.1.2) is a major enzyme to detoxicate the organophosphorus and carbamate which are the most widely used as the agricultural spraying insecticides. To investgate the distributions of plasma paraoxonase activity and the factors affecting the enzyme activity, the plasmas of 945 Korean rural population were analysed with the modified Krisch's direct sphectrphotometry method. Three indices of the enzyme activity - basal activity, stimulated activity (by NaCl), % stimulation - were obtained from the analysis. Three indicies suggested unimodal distributions, so we couldn't identify the low activity group risk group to organophosphorus & carbamate insecticides poisoning. There is no significant relation between 3 actvity indicies and sex, age, or history of insecticide use (p>0.05). The basal activity and the stimulated activity have significant relationship and high coefficient of determination with the activities of their parents ($r^2$=0.30, 0.24 ; p<0.05), but the % stimulation does not ($r^2$=0.02 ; p<0.05). These results suggest that the activity of paraoxonase is determined mainly by the genetic factor.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1018-1025
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• 2011

The improved properties of corrosion for 90Cu10NiFe alloy in natural seawater were explained by sodium diethyl dithio carbamate(NaDDC), namely organic compound, which is reagent for heavy metal extractions of waste water. The efficiency of NaDDC as corrosion inhibitor for 90Cu10NiFe alloy has been investigated in seawater after immersion in various concentrations of NaDDC solutions for 12~36hrs at pH 8.2 by weight loss test and electrochemical techniques including potentiodynamic polarization and SEM-EDS measurements. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of 90Cu10NiFe alloy improves with the increasing concentration of NaDDC but it did not improves with increasing time any more, so the highest inhibition efficiency was 93% at 100mg/L, 36hrs. The results obtained from weight losses and corrosion rates in polarization curve measurements were in good agreement. Therefore, it showed that NaDDC is a good inhibitor for copper corrosion of 90Cu10NiFe alloy.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and the prognostic factors of carbamate poisoned patients who visited emergency departments. Methods: From August 2005 to July 2006, we investigated the demographic feature, dose of exposure, time of exposure, alcohol intake, route of exposure, reason of exposure, site of exposure, pre-existing medical condition, time from exposure to emergency department (ED), transfer from other hospitals, vital sign at ED arrival, symptom or sign at ED arrival, and result of care of the patients who visited the ED of thirty-eight hospitals in Korea. According to the result of care, we divided the patients into two groups, the survival and the dead. To evaluated the prognostic factors, we calculated the odds ratio of each factor for the survival. Results: Among the sixty-eight patients, fifty-five patients (80.9%) were survival and thirteen patients (19.1%) were dead. The patients in the dead were older than the patients in the survival. The Glasgow coma scale (GCS) of the patients in the dead was lower than the GCS in the survival. The odds ratio of the GCS at ED arrival for the survival was 1.58 (95% CI; 1.23-2.05). Other factors showed no statistical significances. Conclusion: The GCS at emergency department arrival was the prognosis factor of the carbamate poisoned patients who visited emergency departments. If the carbamate poisoned patients showed altered mentalities, they should be provided intensive care, immediately.