• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.391-397
• /
• 2002

This study was carried out with the inhibition of the cholinesterase activity by carbamate insecticides in the chicken in vivo and in vitro. The optimum pH of cholinesterase was 8.0. The cholinesterase activity used the acetylcholin as substrate in plasma was 24.6 $\mu$mol/min/g protein. After oral administration with 0.32 mg/kg of BPMC as carbamate pesticide, the cholinesterase activity was inhibited to 60% of control after 15min in vivo. Then the recovery of cholinesterase activity followed to 97% of control after 12hr. I$_{50}$, such as concentration required for 50% inhibition of enzyme activity, of phenyl N-methylcarbamate were 329 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$ of XMC, 214 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$ of metolcarb, 111 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$ of BPMC, 107 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$ of propoxur and 104 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$ of isoprocarb. I$_{50}$ of aromatic N-methylcarbamate were 280 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$ of carbaryl and 114 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$ carbofuran.ran.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.7-11
• /
• 2004

Purpose: We would evaluate the cardiovascular manifestations of the patients with acute organophosphate and carbamate poisoning in the emergency department. Methods: This was retrospectively studied with the review of patient's charts, included total 38 patients were admitted during the past two years in the emergency department of Yeungnam university hospital with the diagnosis of organophosphate or carbamate poisoning. Results: Cardiovascular complications were variously developed in many patients. Electrocardiographic findings were as follows; 4 ($10.5\%$) cardiac arrhythmias included 1 cardiac arrest caused by ventricular fibrillation, 14 ($36.8\%$) sinus tachycardias, 3 ($7.9\%$) sinus bradycardias, and 17 ($44.7\%$) normal sinus rhythms. Conduction disturbances were 23 ($60.5\%$) like as prolonged QTc, 4 ($10.5\%$) ST-T changes, 2 (5.3%) first degree AV block, and 3 ($7.9\%$) right bundle branch block were shown. Other cardiovascular complications were 22 ($57.9\%$) hypertensives, 4 ($10.5\%$) hypotensives, 15 ($39.5\%$) tachycardias, 2 ($5.3\%$) bradycardias, 18 ($47.4\%$) hypoxemics, 12 ($31.6\%$) metabolic acidosis, and 9 ($23.7\%$) pulmonary edemas. Sixteen patients ($42.1\%$) needed ventilatory support because of respiratory paralysis. No patients died in hospital and 36 ($94.7\%$) patients were alive-discharged. Conclusion: Cardiovascular complications are variously in patients with acute organophosphate and carbamate poisoning. Especially, some findings included ventricular arrhythmias, QTc prolongation, hypoxemia, acidosis, and blood pressure changes are known as major precipitating factors to increase the mortality. So, intensive support and aggressive treatment are needed in patients shown various cardiovascular manifestations in the emergency department.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.81-85
• /
• 2003

Antifungal properties of methyl 2-benzimidazole carbamate(BMC) were investigated using 16 fungi. Cytotoxicity test of BMC revealed that the morphology of HeLa cells was considerably deformed even at the concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) values of BMC for 7 fungi among the 16 tested ones were lower than $1.95{\times}10^{-4}{\mu}g/ml$, while Aspergillus flavus showed an MIC value higher than 1.0 ${\mu}g/ml$. Tolerance induction against BMC was successful only for Paecilomyces farinosus LAR10, contrary to the expectation that tolerance would be induced for the fungi having high MIC values such as Aspergillus niger ATCC 9642 and A. flavus ATCC 9643. Spore germination of A. niger ATCC 9642 was suppressed by BMC. However the mycelial growth of the fungus once germinated was not retarded at all by BMC up to 8 MIC. Addition of lanosterol provided a remedy for the reduced germination rate of A. niger ATCC 9642 spores.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.255-258
• /
• 1974

The insecticidal activity of six lately synthesized carbamate derivatives of furfural oxime N-methylcarbamate (I), 5-methyljural oxime N-methylcarbamate (II), methyl p-(methylcarbamoyl) oxybenzoate (IV), ethyl p-(methylcarbamoyl) oxybenzoat(V), n-propyl p-(methyl carbamoyl)oxybenzoate(VI) and n-butyl p-(methyl carbamoyl)oxybenzoate examined using o.2w/v% acetone solutions of each compound. Among them, alkyl p-(methyl carbamoyl) oxybenzontes exerted slightly insecticidal effects on Sogata furcifera H$_{ORVATH}$, Delphacodes stria striatella FALLEN, wherease no significant effects were observed on Mil-aparvata Iugens Stal, Inazuma dorsolis Moischiulsky, and Naphotettix apicalis cincticeps U$_{HLER}$.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2021

The inverted Y-shaped strip detection method based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was developed for the rapid detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. The inactivation of AChE by organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides has been well known. The AChE catalyzes acetylthiocholine into thiocholine having (-) and (+) charges, and the (+) charge results in aggregation of gold nanoparticle (GNP). Malaoxon and carbofuran were used as standard organophosphorus and carbamate for the development of the inverted Y-shaped strip, respectively. In order to optimize the method, various angles of the Y-shaped strip, different types of nitrocellulose membrane, and concentration of AChE were tested as key parameters. The detection limit of the method was 10 ng/mL for both malaoxon and carbofuran pesticides. No cross-reaction was observed to other pesticides such as atrazine, cyanazine, simazine, bifenthrin, boscalid, metalaxyl, and chlorobenzilate. Recoveries from lettuce spiked when known concentrations of malaoxon and carbofuran were found ranging from 96.4 to 100.7% and 81 to 112.7%, respectively. This study suggests that the inverted Y-shaped strip method based on AChE may be a useful tool for the sensitive, specific, rapid detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in agricultural products.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.104-109
• /
• 1991

Carbamates are generally used as insecticide, thus 8-hydroxy-5-chloroquinolinyl-N-ethylcarbamate was newly synthesized. Its physical properties were determined and chemical structure was identified by means of IR, nmr in addition to elemental analysis. The effect of the compound on rat's ileum, and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, E. coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were examined. It was observed that the dosage over 100 $\mu$g/ml of the compound relaxed rat's ileum and the same dosage of the compound inhibited growth of the above strains of bacteria.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.137-140
• /
• 1983

A rapid, high yield of N-norapomorphine from apomorphine was accomplished by allowing it to react with phenyl chloroformate without isolating and purifying the intermediate carbamate, and have found that the crude carbamate can be easily cleaved in situ with a 1:1 mixture of 64% and 95% hydrazine to afford analytically pure N-norapomorphine in 81% overall yields. Previously, various other methods gave an untoward ring opening reactions and scission of the hydropyridine ring in the apomorphine series.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.11-12
• /
• 2003

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2003.10b
• /
• pp.96.2-97
• /
• 2003

Carbofuran(CF) is one the most widely used carbamate pesticides in the world applied for insect and nematode control. Due to its widespred use in agriculture and households, contamination of food, water, and air has become serious, and consequently adverse health effects are inevitable in humans, animals, wildlife and fish, it has reported that CF alone or in combination with other carbamate insecticides influences the level of reproductive and metabolic hormones such as thyroxine and corticosterone, and results in impairment of endocrine. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2003.10b
• /
• pp.183.1-183.1
• /
• 2003

The synthesis of various cyclic carbamate compounds and amino alcohols has attracted attention in the past because of their potential as antibiotics, antitumor, analgenics, anticonvulsants. Several methods for the preparation of cyclic carbamate compounds have previously been reported including the use of heterocumulenes. We have recently described the novel synthetic method for N-protected amines from various ethers using Chlorosulfonyl isocyanate(CSI) and found that the mechanism of our CSI reaction is a competitive reaction of $S_N1$ and $S_ Ni$ mechanisms according to the stability of carbocation intermediates. (omitted)