• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권10호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

This paper attempts to investigate the determinants of capital structure of Vietnamese firms and also shed light on some of the factors of the modern theory of capital structure which is relevant for explaining the capital structure in advanced countries which are also relevant in the context of Vietnam. Using panel data from more than 1000 Vietnamese listed enterprises census 2017-2020, the paper finds that leverage ratio of Vietnamese firms is significantly related to probability. The firms have high level of fixed assets which they use as collateral, resulting in higher debt ratio, which is in line with the pecking order theory. The result also confirm that highly targeted debt ratio is positively correlated with the industry characteristics (using real estate firms as a benchmark), in which firm operates. Furthermore, consistent with the trade-off hypothesis, the leverage ratio is positively affected by non - debt tax shield. The result confirms that a large number of companies are state - owned, will have an insignificant impact of firm's size (as reverse proxy for bankruptcy cost) on leverage ratio. We also find that there is no distinction between state-owned enterprises and private enterprises due to strict adherence to the rules set by the Vietnamese government. Distinct from other countries, corporate income tax has slight impact on capital structure in Vietnamese firms.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.377-384
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• 2020

Banking is very regulated by the government and even has to follow regulations issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, which regulates banking in the world. According to Basel III, banks must provide capital reserves called capital buffers. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that determine capital buffer. Factors thought to affect the capital buffer studied consisted of profitability (ROA), credit risk (NPL), liquidity risk (LDR), capital adequacy in the previous period (CARt-1), management risk (NIM), and ratio of operating risk (OER). The population in this study is conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, as many as 42 banks, with a sample of 40 banks taken by purposive sampling method with an observation period of four years with quarterly data (2016-2019). To test the hypotheses, regression panel data is used. After being tested, it turns out that the fixed effect model is better than the common effect and random effect. The results of the study with fixed effect models show that ROA, NPL, and OER significantly and negatively affect capital buffer. CAR_t-1 has a positive and significant effect on capital buffer, while LDR and NIM do not affect capital buffer.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.1113-1122
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine how the Indian banks have adjusted their risk-based capital ratios during 2009-2018 to meet the regulatory requirements. Banks can, in principle, increase their risk-based regulatory capital ratio, either by increasing their levels of regulatory capital or by shrinking their risk-weighted assets by adjusting asset growth or risk in the portfolio. We investigate banks' capital behavior by decomposing the change in the capital ratio into the contribution of its components and analyzing their variance across regulatory regimes and banks' ownerships. We further investigate how each component of the capital ratio is adjusted by the banks by breaking down them into balance sheet items. We find that the banks' capital behavior significantly differed between public and private sector banks and between the two regulatory regimes. During Basel II, banks, in general, followed a strategy of aggressive asset growth with increased risk-taking. The decline in the CRAR because of such an expansionary strategy was adjusted by augmenting additional capital. However, during Basel III, due to higher capital requirements, both in terms of quantity and quality, banks followed a strategy of cutting back their asset growth and reducing the risk in their portfolio to maintain their CRAR.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.773-782
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• 2019

바젤III(Basel III)는 국제결제은행(BIS)이 2010년에 확정한 강화된 재무건전성기준으로 대표적인 규제비율에는 자본적정성, 자산건전성, 유동성 등이 있다. 자본적정성 규제의 측정항목은 BIS자기자본비율, BIS기본자본비율, 단순자기자본비율로 구성된다. 자산건전성 규제의 측정항목에는 고정이하여신비율과 대손충당금적립률이 있으며, 유동성 규제의 측정항목에는 원화 및 외화 유동성커버리지비율 등이 있다. 본 연구는 은행의 건전성감독지표를 도출하고, 재무건전성 관점에서 국내 인터넷전문은행과 시중은행을 비교하여 문제점 도출과 해결방안을 모색해보고자 한다. 연구결과, 국내 인터넷전문은행의 자기자본비율은 시중은행에 비해 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 자본적정성 규제를 고려하여 지속적인 영업을 수행하기 위해서는 추가적인 자본확충이 필수적인 상황이다. 또한 국내 인터넷전문은행은 2019년에 중금리 대출의 만기가 도래하며 연체율과 고정이하여신비율이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 바젤I 적용을 받고 있는 인터넷전문은행은 재무건전성은 양호한 수준이나 바젤III 시행에 대비하여 BIS총자본비율과 보통주자본비율을 높여야 할 것이다.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2014

In this research we investigate the effect return on assets, return on equity, profit margin and earnings per share on working capital management. Current ratio and quick ratio used as proxies for working capital management. The research sample includes 451 year -firm of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) listed companies for period 2007-10. The multiple linear regressions were applied to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that, return on assets and earnings per share have a negative impact on working capital management. The results also show that earnings per share and profit margin positively associated with the firm performance.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.511-517
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• 2021

본 연구는 자본적정성 요구가 우리나라 은행의 수익성에 미치는 영향을 DOLS 모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, BIS 자본비율이 시중은행과 지방은행에 미치는 영향이 상이하였다. 자본적정성 요구가 시중은행보다는 지방은행에 더 크고 유의한 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 거시경제변수보다는 은행특성변수들이 은행의 수익성에 더 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 BIS 자본비율이 상승하면 시중은행과 지방은행의 수익성이 감소하며, 대손충당금 비율이 높은 은행일수록 이러한 관계가 강화되는 것으로 나타났다. 일반적으로 시중은행의 경우에는 지방은행에 비해 상대적으로 규모도 크고 자본도 상대적으로 충실한 편이이서 자본적정성 요구가 크게 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 추정된다. 그러나 지방은행의 경우에는 BIS 자본비율 충족을 위해서는 보다 안전한 자산을 선택할 필요가 있으며, 이러한 안전의 자산의 선택 비중이 증가함에 따라 수익성에 상대적으로 더 큰 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 보여 진다. 따라서 금융당국은 이러한 점을 고려하여 은행의 자본금 규제 정책을 시행하여야 할 것이다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2020

Playing an important role in developing the economy and overall developments of the country, commercial banks have to be aware of their crucial presence in order to perform well and contribute significantly. At the same time, as a place to receive deposits, banks are required to be in safe situations to avoid bankruptcy or deal with financial crises. This research seeks to identify the determinants of Capital Adequacy Ratio and Banks' performance as well as the relationship between these two dependent variables. The paper uses 128 observations of 16 Vietnamese commercial banks during the period from 2010 to 2017, with two simultaneous dependent variables CAR and ROE, and independent variables including Return on Assets, Tobin Q, Credit growth, GDP growth, Equity to Deposits, Loans to Deposits, Bank size, Cost to Income, Liquidity risk, Provision for Loan loss ratio, Non-performing loans and Inflation. The results reveal that Capital Adequacy Ratio and Banks' Performance have statistically significant relationship and Credit growth, GDP growth, Equity-to-Deposit ratio and Cost-to-Income ratio all have significant effects on two dependent variables. The findings of this study suggest that commercial banks should control the respective elements in order to maintain adequate level of capital and also create effective performance.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.203-218
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• 2019

본 연구는 2011년 6월말 현재 금융감독원의 감독대상이 되는 104개의 상호저축은행을 표본으로 하여, 상호저축은행의 구조조정이 본격화된 2011년 전 후의 BIS자기자본비율 비교를 통하여 상호저축은행이 인위적으로 BIS자기자본비율을 유지 조정하기 위하여 어떤 수단을 사용하여 왔는지를 검증하였다. 실증분석 결과, 상호저축은행은 BIS자기자본비율 조정을 위해 주로 대손충당금을 사용하여 왔음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 대손충당금을 이용한 상호저축은행의 BIS자기자본비율 조정은 특히 2011년 6월말 현재 영업정지 중인 상호저축은행에서 좀 더 유의적으로 이루어졌음을 발견하였다. 마지막으로 외부감사인의 역할과 관련하여 예상과는 달리 Non-Big 4 감사인 뿐만 아니라 Big 4 감사인도 상호저축은행의 인위적인 BIS자기자본비율 조정을 효과적으로 감시하지 못하였음을 발견하였다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2021

The capital structure is one of the hot financial topics among researchers and scholars. Its importance comes from the fact that capital structure is closely related to companies' ability to meet different stakeholders' needs. A suitable capital structure will boost the business and create a competitive advantage in the context of fierce competition. Many companies choose an optimal debt level based on the trade-off between interest and debt costs. This study aimed to test the existence of trade-off theory in capital structure, the case of Vietnam's real estate companies, which are growing very fast recently. Instead of considering constant optimal leverage to test the trade-off model, we take advantage of the dynamic capital structure determined by growth opportunities, profitability, tax incentives, tangibility, liquidity, and firm size. The dynamic panel data regression was estimated by the system Generalized Method of Moment (Sys-GMM). The empirical evidence showed that real estate companies listed in the Vietnamese stock market might change their leverage toward a target capital structure determined by influential factors in a long-term perspective. In particular, the debt-to-asset ratio will change by approximately 14 percent, positively, in response to the difference between the current debt-to-asset ratio and the dynamic target debt-to-asset ratio.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.363-370
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• 2022

The study aims to probe the impact of foreign ownership on Vietnamese listed firms' capital structure. This study employs panel data of 288 non-financial firms listed on the Ho Chi Minh City stock exchange (HOSE) and Ha Noi stock exchange (HNX) in 2015-2019. In this research, we applied a Bayesian linear regression method to provide probabilistic explanations of the model uncertainty and effect of foreign ownership on the capital structure of non-financial listed enterprises in Vietnam. The findings of experimental analysis by Bayesian linear regression method through Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique combined with Gibbs sampler suggest that foreign ownership has substantial adverse effects on the firms' capital structure. Our findings also indicate that a firm's size, age, and growth opportunities all have a strong positive and significant effect on its debt ratio. We found that the firms' profitability, tangible assets, and liquidity negatively and strongly affect firms' capital structure. Meanwhile, there is a low negative impact of dividends and inflation on the debt ratio. This research has ramifications for business managers since it improves a company's financial resources by developing a strong capital structure and considering foreign investment as a source of funding.