• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1127-1133
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• 2006

This study examined the effect of cane molasses and fermentation time on chemical composition and characteristics of oat grass silage (OGS) and its in situ digestion kinetics, intake, digestibility, milk yield and composition in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Oat grass (OG) harvested at 50-days of age was ensiled in laboratory silos with cane molasses at the rate of 0, 2, 4 and 6% of OG dry matter (DM) for 30, 35 and 40 days. Silage pH was decreased while lactic acid content increased with increasing level of cane molasses and fermentation time. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and true protein (TP) content of OGS were (p<0.05) significantly higher with higher cane molasses levels. However, they were not affected by the fermentation time. Similar trends were observed for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose, acid detergent lignin and ash content of OGS. The OG ensiled for 30-days with 2% molasses was screened from laboratory study and used to determine comparative in situ DM and NDF digestion kinetics of OG and its silage. In situ DM and NDF digestibilities of OG were significantly (p<0.05) higher than OGS. Ruminal DM and NDF lag time, rate and extent of digestion of OG and its silage were similar. Two experimental diets of OG and OGS were formulated using 75:25 forage to concentrate ratio on a DM basis. Dry matter and CP intakes were similar in lactating buffaloes fed either OG- or OGS-based diets. However, NDF intake was higher in buffaloes fed the OG-compared with OGS-based diet. Apparent DM, CP and NDF digestibilities were similar in lactating buffaloes fed either OG- or OGS-based diets. Milk yield (4% FCM) was similar in buffaloes fed either OG-(10.3 kg/d) or OGS-(9.95 kg/d) based diets. Milk fat, total solids and true protein content were higher with OG compared with the OGS diet. Solids not fat and CP content were similar in milk of buffalo fed either OG or OGS. The results of this study indicate that OG ensiled with 2% molasses could safely replace 75% DM of green oat fodder in the diets of lactating buffaloes without negatively affecting intake, digestibility, milk yield and composition.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2017

The white cane, walking assistive device of visually impaired person, has disadvantages for acquiring the information by contacting obstacles directly and detecting low obstacle on the ground. Recently, new devices have been developing to solve these problems, but these were not widely used due to high price and appearance. Therefore, in this study, we developed two types of walking assistive shoes which were manufactured with infrared sensors, pressure sensors and vibrating motors. Two types of shoes were classified with single sensor (SS) and double sensor (DS) type according to the number of infrared sensor. To evaluate the effectiveness, we compared required time and number of collisions during walking with walking assistive shoes and white cane on obstacle area. As the results, required time was increased than white cane while number of collisions was decreased when walking with developed walking assistive shoes. In addition, required time and number of collisions was more reduced when using walking assistive device than white cane. Therefore, we suggests that developed walking assistive shoes can a great help to provide safe walking condition and reducing time to adapt new types of walking assistive shoes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 1994

The annual income (gross margin) in 1989/90 of a sample of 274 farmers in seven milk cooperatives was analyzed in the sugar cane, cassava, and horticulture areas in East Java. On average dairying contributed 42%, crops 29% and off-farm revenue 29%. Dairy income was highest in the cassava area, where it compensated for the low crop income, and lowest in the sugar cane area. Farm area and average milk yield per day per cow correlated positively with farmer's income, whereas crop income increase significantly with farm area and with the number of cows. The level of total cost per cow had a negative impact on dairy and with the number of cows. The level of total cost per cow had a negative impact on dairy and on total income. Government officials and other professionals engaged in dairying had a significantly higher total income than those with their main occupation in dairying, cropping or working as farm labourers. Uneducated farmers obtained a significantly larger income through crops, whereas farmers with tertiary education obtained more income through off-farm work, This study suggests that more attention must be paid to the actual use of labour and the improvement of the dairy output/cost ratio.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.251-255
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• 2008

We have developed an electronic aids, called SmartWand, which can help visually impaired people walk safely and tell them an object's color and environmental brightness SmartWand can inform visually impaired people of the dangerous obstacles around which they can't notice by the white cane such as a large panel with supporting poles on the street. Especially we have lmproved the previous version of SmartWand by reflecting the result of user study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.828-833
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• 2002

Thirty mature pregnant ewes of the Phan Rang breed with an initial live weight of 30 to 45 kg were used to compare the effects of three different diets in late pregnancy on ewe and lamb performance. All diets contained 20% of whole sugar cane, 16% rice bran, 26% cassava root and 6% molasses urea block. The remaining 32% of dry matter consisted of Jackfruit (JF diet), 16% each of Jackfruit and Cassava foliage (JF+CS diet) or Jackfruit and Flemingia foliage (JF+FM diet). The diets were fed at 3.5% of actual BW of the individual animal. The foliages were offered at 120% of the amount decided in the diets of the requirements. The JF+CS diet resulted in significantly higher feed intake than the JF diet, and also a higher feed intake than the JF+FM diet, but this difference was not significant. The ewe weight changes during the last 8 weeks of pregnancy, or from start to 24 h after lambing, were significantly different. The highest weight gain was obtained from the ewes fed the JF+CS diet. Diets had no effect on weight changes of ewes during 3 weeks after lambing but a significant effect on the litter birth weight, with the JF+CS diet giving the highest litter birth weight. There was, however, no effect on the litter weight at 21 days or litter growth rate from birth to 21 days due to the experimental diets.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.309-314
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• 2016

Objective: There are no guidelines for choosing appropriate gait assistive devices. The aim of this study was to evaluate gait assistive devices in patients with Parkinson's disease. Method: We evaluated 15 individuals with Parkinson's disease who did or did not use one of two different devices including canes and two-wheeled walkers. Data were collected using the GAITRite system. Results: Participants in the group using canes and two-wheeled walkers had significantly increased double support time and decreased gait velocity, normalized gait velocity, and stride length compared with those who did not. Participants who used a two-wheeled walker had significantly decreased gait velocity, normalized gait velocity, and stride length compared with those who used a cane. Furthermore, participants who used a two-wheeled walker had significantly decreased coefficients of variation for step time, stride length, and swing time compared with those who used a cane. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the two-wheeled walker offered the most consistent advantages for decreasing the risk of falling.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1993

269 yeast strains were isolated from water samples collected from different sites in Minia governorate. These included 126 strains from fresh water, 108 strains from sewage and 35 strains from wastewater from sugar-cane factory. On the basis of 23 different physiological and morphological merkmals, the isolated strains were assigned to 16 species belonging to 11 genera. Total yeast cell counts as well as spectra of yeast species were highly variable in tested water. Total yeast cell counts ranged between $3.0{\times}10^3/l\;and\;1.8{\times}10^6/l$ for fresh water, $3.0{\times}10^4/l\;and\;3.0{\times}10^7/l$ for sewage and $1.5{\times}10^6/l\;and\;2.6{\times}10^7/l$ for wastewater from sugarcane factory. Debaryomyces hansenii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Torulaspora delbrueckii were the dominant species in fresh water, whereas Debaryomyces hansenii, Thrichosporon beigelii, Rhodoforula mucilaginosa and Kluyveromyces marxianus were the dominant species in sewage and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus and Trichosporon beigelii were the dominant species in wastewater from sugar-cane factory. Yeast human pathogens, Trichosporon beigelii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Candida albicans were encountered in water samples indicating that water in El-Minia governorate is also polluted by some pathogenic yeasts.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2017

We propose a face recognition and notification system that can transform visual face information into tactile signals in order to help visually impaired people. The proposed system consists of a glasses type camera, a mobile computer and an electronic cane. The glasses type camera captures the frontal view of the user, and sends this image to mobile computer. The mobile computer starts to search for human's face in the image when obstacles are detected by ultrasonic sensors. In a case that human's face is detected, the mobile computer identifies detected face. At this time, Adaboost and compressive sensing are used as a detector and a classifier, respectively. After the identification procedures of the detected face, the identified face information is sent to controller attached to a cane using a Bluetooth communication. The controller generates motor control signals using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) according to the recognized face labels. The vibration motor generates vibration patterns to inform the visually impaired person of the face recognition result. The experimental results of face recognition and notification system show that proposed system is helpful for visually impaired people by providing person identification results in front of him/her.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.1174-1176
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• 2011

Unfortunately, the number of blind people increases every 5 seconds in our world. An extensive research was made on improving the conventional walking cane and developing a microcontroller based walking stick for the blind with sensors and a feedback in form of vibration. Two different kinds of sensors are used to detect obstacles, ultrasonic and infrared distance sensors. The signal from an ultrasonic sensor is fed to a microcontroller. With the help of the supporting software, the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) principle is extensively used to form three zones and run the corresponding vibration motor at different spends according to how far the detected object is located. The other infrared distance sensors are connected to amplifiers and after that to their corresponding vibration motors through motor drivers. The vibration motors are to be located around the user's arm to notify the blind of the obstacles in the intended walking way. It can be very reliable and sufficient device guiding the blind other than the conventional walking cane which has many drawbacks which will be explained and discussed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1432-1437
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to investigate cane molasses pretreatments for the production of cellulose by Acetobacter sp. V6, which has excellent bacterial cellulose (BC) producing capacity in the shaking culture. Among pretreatments of cane molasses, 1% (w/v) tricalcium phosphate (TP) treatment was more efficient in BC production. The physico-chemical properties of BCs that were produced in static and shaking cultures were also investigated. Although BC had an emulsifying ability, its emulsion stability was low. Water holding capacity (WHC) of BC was high; the WHC of BC produced in static culture was 14 times higher than that of $\alpha$-cellulose. In addition, the viscosity of BC was higher than that of $\alpha$-cellulose. Composition analysis by FT-IR showed no difference in composition between BC and plant cellulose. In the crystallinity analysis by XRD, all BC samples showed crystallinity. All BC samples showed reticulated structures consisting of ultrafine cellulose fibriles. Microfibriles of cellulose from static culture were especially more compact than those of cellulose from shaking culture.