• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.1049-1056
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• 2012

The antioxidant activities and antibacterial activities of grape pomace fermented using a variety of useful microorganisms were analyzed. There were several experimental groups: the control, with non-fermented grape pomace; the BS group, fermented by Bacillus subtilis; the LP group, fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum; the LC group, fermented by L. casei; the CU group, fermented by Candida utilis; the Y1 group, fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CHY1011; the Y2 group, fermented by S. cerevisiae strain ZP 541; and the M group, fermented by a mixed strain culture of LP, LC, and CU. The yield of freeze-dried powder of fermented grape pomace by BS, LP, LC, CU, Y1, Y2, and M was 10.74%, 9.36%, 8.68%, 9.55%, 7.49%, 9.60%, and 9.71% w/w, respectively. The total polyphenol content of grape pomace showed the highest value in the control, but the fermented LP had higher total polyphenol content than those of other fermented grape pomace. The control and fermented LP had 0.16 mg/mL and 0.28 mg/mL as $IC_{50}$ values on DPPH radical scavenging, and 0.22 mg/mL and 0.53 mg/mL of ABTS radical scavenging activity, respectively. The FRAP value (5 mg/mL) showed the highest value on fermented LP (2.44 mM) but did not show a significant difference in the control group (12.27 mM). The fermented LC showed the antimicrobial activities against B. cereus (11 mm), B. subtilis (11 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (12 mm), Escherichia coli (12 mm), Enterobacter cloacae (10.5 mm), Salmonella enterica (11.5 mm), and Pseudomonas aerugionsa (11 mm) at 5 mg/disc, but the control and other fermented grape pomace did not show antimicrobial activities. Thus, fermented grape pomace by LC is shown to be producing a material that has antibacterial activity. In conclusion, grape pomace fermentation using various lactic acid bacteria strains showed excellent effects in promoting the production of functional materials. Especially, using L. casei exhibited an increase in antibacterial activity, and using L. plantarum exhibited antioxidant activity.

• Mycobiology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.449-456
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• 2019

Invasive fungal infections caused by Cyberlindnera fabianii have recently increased. However, biochemical kits such as API 20 C AUX and Vitek-2C have misidentified this species as other Candida spp. such as C. pelliculosa or C. utilis due to no information of Cy. fabianii in yeast database. During our 2016-2017 surveys, eleven isolates of Cy. fabianii were obtained in International St. Mary's Hospital in Korea. Here, we describe its morphological and molecular characteristics and tested its antifungal susceptibility against nine antifungal agents. The sequences of the ITS region and the D1/D2 region of LSU revealed 100% identity with the sequences of Cy. fabianii. In comparison with the results from MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, we found that Cy. fabianii can be distinguished from other species. In antifungal susceptibility test, voriconazole and echinocandins exhibited good antifungal activities against the majority of Cy. fabianii isolates despite the absence of standard criteria.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 1973

2,2'-Methylene bis (3,4,6-trichloroacetoxy benzene) had been synthesized from Hexachlorophene. The eleven new derivatives -(2,2'Methylene bis [3,4,6-trichloro o-(${\beta}$-anilinopropionoxy) benzene]: m. p 173∼4$^{\circ}C$, C$\_$31/H$\_$24/N$_2$O$_4$Cl$\_$6/, 2,2' Methylene bis [3,4,6-trichloro (${\beta}$-Cyclohexylaminopropionoxy) benzene]: M. P, 187∼8$^{\circ}C$, C$\_$31/H$\_$36/N$_2$O$_4$Cl$\_$6/, 2,2'-Methylene bis [3,4,6-trichloro (${\beta}$-phenyl hydrazinopropionoxy) benzene]; M. P. 151∼3$^{\circ}C$, C$\_$33/H$\_$28/N$_2$O$_4$Cl$\_$6/, 2,2'-Methylene bis [3,4,6-trichloro (${\beta}$-o-toluidinopropionoxy) benzene]: M. P. 172∼3$^{\circ}C$, C$\_$33/H$\_$28/N$_2$O$_4$Cl$\_$6/, 2,2'-Methylene bis [3,4,6-trichloro (${\beta}$-p-todudinopropionoxy) benzene]: 153∼4$^{\circ}C$, C$\_$33/H$\_$28/N$_2$O$_4$Cl$\_$6/, 2,2'-Methylene bis [3,4,6-trichloro (${\beta}$-o-chloro anilinopropionoxy) benzene]: 170∼2$^{\circ}C$, C$\_$31/H$\_$27/N$_2$O$_4$Cl$\_$8/, 2,2'-Methylene bis [3,4,6-trichloro (${\beta}$-p-sulfamilinopropionoxy) bengene]: M. P. 310-5$^{\circ}C$, C$\_$31/H$\_$24/N$_2$S$_2$O$\_$10/Cl$\_$8/, 2,2'-Methylene bis [3,4,6-trichloro (${\beta}$-piperidinopropionoxy) benzene]: M. P. 168∼2$^{\circ}C$, C$\_$29/H$\_$32/N$_2$O$_4$Cl$\_$6/, 2,2'-Methylene bis (3,4,6-trichloro (${\beta}$-morpholinopropionoxy) benzene]: M. P. 226∼8$^{\circ}C$, C$\_$27/H$\_$28/N$_2$O$\_$6/Cl$\_$6/, 2,2'-Methylene bis (3,4,6-trichloro (${\beta}$-2-amino pyridino propionoxy) benzene]; M. P. 145∼6$^{\circ}C$, C$\_$29/H$\_$22/N$_4$O$_4$Cl$\_$5/-were synthesized by Mannichs reaction as potential antimicrobial agents and their antimicrobial activity were tested against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas ovalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, aerogenes, Bacillus Acerobacter Polymyxa, Bacillus brevis, Streptomyces griseus, Candida troficalis, Rhodotorula glutinis, Candida utilis, Hansenula anamola, Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vitro. Among them, compounds of benzylamine and p-toludine showed an effective antimibrobial activity againt Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas ovalis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.957-963
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• 1998

Several medicinal herbs, which are nontoxic and have been used widely in traditional folk medicine, were extracted and antimicrobial activity of the extracts was investigated against various foodborne pathogens or food poisioning microorganisms. The ethanol extract of Sansa, Hwangryun, Cheukbaek, and Seokchangpo showed strong antimicrobial activities against Gram postive and Gram negative bacteria, whereas those of Sakunja, Sukjihwang and Baekji had little antimicrobial activities on microorganisms tested. Among medicinal herb extracts, ethanol extract of Coptis chinensis Franch (hwangryun) showed the strongest antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of Coptis chinensis Franch was not destroyed by heating at $100^{\circ}C$ for 60 min and at $121^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, which is very stable over heat. The pH effect on minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extract of Coptis chinensis Franch indicated that MIC was reduced with increasing the pH value of the medium. The inhibitory effect of partially purified substance from the ethanol extract of Coptis chinensis Franch on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. Growth of those strains occurred at the concentration of $100{\;}{\mu}g/mL$ and were inhibited at $500{\;}{\mu}g/mL$, whereas those strains was completely inactivated in the presence of $1000{\;}{\mu}g/mL$.