• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.3 s.138
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• pp.189-193
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• 2004

In order to find some lead compounds for the treatment of opportunistic infections of malaria and pathogenic microbes, an undescribed Indonesian sponge Agelas sp. collected at Manado, Indonesian Waters, was suggested containing active compounds. Crude ethanolic extract of the sponge exhibited significant in vitro antimalarial and antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium falciparum (D6 colne) with $IC_{5O}$ values of $8\;{\mu}/ml$ and against pathogenic microbes such as Candida albicans $(150\;{\mu}/ml)$, Cryptococcus neoformans $(<20\;{\mu}/ml)$, Staphylococcus aureus $25\;{\mu}/ml$, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus $(<20\;{\mu}/ml)$, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa $(<20\;{\mu}/ml)$. Active compound (5.0 mg) was isolated from the ethanolic extracts of the sponge and purified by using silica gel and ODS column, successively. Active compound was elucidated as dibromosceptrin $(C_{22}H_{24}Br_2N_{10}O_2)$ by detailed analysis of FTESI-MS and comparison of $^1H,\;^{13}C$, DEPT and HMQC NMR spectral data with those reported.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.163-163
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• 1993

대상환자는 모두 23명이였으여, 이중 12명은 fluconazole을, 11명은 nystatin을 투여받았다. 두 군사이에 연령, 남여비, 기저질환, 진균감염의 위험요소는 차이가 없었다. 투약기간은 fluconazole군(F)이 24일, nystatin군(N)이 23일이였다. 중도탈락은 3례로 F중 MRSA ？혈증 1례, N중 오심, 구토 1례외 Stevens-Johnson증후군 1례였다. 평가가능한 20례중, F 11례중 8례와, N 9례중 4례에서 진균감염중의 예방에 성공하였고, F 3례와 N 5례는 실패하였다. 실패한 F 3례는 코의 피부조직에서 aspergillus가 중명된 1례와 경험적으로 amphotericin을 투여한 2례였고, N 5례는 혈액배양에서 Candida tropicalis가 분리된 1례와 경험적 amphotericin을 받은 4례였다. 진균의 colonization은 F중 3균주는 치료중 소실되었으나, 2례는 증가하였다. N은 1균주가 소실된 반면, 3례는 증가하였다. Colonization이 증가한 F 2례는 C. albicans와 Trichosporon beigelli가 대변에서 분리된 경우이고. M 3례는 대변에서 C. albicans가 분리된 1례, 구강에서 aspergillus가 분리된 1례, 혈액배양에서 C. tropicalis가 분해된 1례였다. 부작용은 오심 구토가 F중 1례, N중 2례 였으며, 이중 N의 1례는 증상이 심하여 투약을 중지하였다. 간기능 검사상 SGOT/SGPT의 상승은 F 12중 3례, N 11중 2례에서 관찰되었으나, 두 군사이에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.432-438
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• 2006

Twelve actinomycete strains were isolated from Egyptian soil. The isolated actinomycete strains were then screened with regard to their potential to generate antibiotics. The most potent of the producer strains was selected and identified. The cultural and physiological characteristics of the strain identified. the strain as a member of the genus Streptomyces. The nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene (1.5kb) of the most potent strain evidenced a 99% similarity with Streptomyces spp. and S. aureofaciens 16S rRNA genes, and the isolated strain was ultimately identified as Streptomyces sp. MAR01. The extraction of the fermentation broth of this strain resulted in the isolation of one major compound, which was active in vitro against gram-positive, gram-negative representatives and Candida albicans. The chemical structure of this bioactive compound was elucidated based on the spectroscopic data obtained from the application of MS, IR, UV, $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR, and elemental analysis techniques. Via comparison to the reference data in the relevant literature and in the database search, this antibiotic, which had a molecular formula of $C_{19}H_{29}NO_2$ and a molecular weight of 303.44, was determined to differ from those produced by this genus as well as the available known antibiotics. Therefore, this antibiotic was designated Meroparamycin.

• Mycobiology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2006

A total of 34 species belonging to 21 genera of fungi were recorded on passion fruits of both pure and hybrid origin in Uganda, however, the pure type exhibited wider spectrum (28 species and 16 genera) than the hybrid type (21 & 15). Also, yeasts (unidentified and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) were also encountered in high numbers. Moreover, the mean count of all mycobiota obtained from the pure type was higher than that of hybrid, despite the bigger size of the later. Members of yeasts and Cladosporium followed by Phoma, Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria species dominated on passion fruits of pure origin, while only C. cladosporioides, F. solani and yeasts dominated on the hybrid type. Treatment with Na-hypochlorite exhibited inhibitory effects on the total mycobiotic propagules as well as the dominant species from fruits of both types. The current results, therefore, suggest the use of Na-hypochlorite to control the post-harvest mycobiota associated with passion fruits. Regarding the mycobiota contaminating passion juice, yeasts were found to be the major contaminants with Candida parapsilosis being the most common. Moulds constituted only a minor proportion with Acremonium strictum followed by Fusarium chlamydosporum, F. moniliforme, F. acuminatum and F. solani as the most dominant species. In the heat-treated juice samples, the counts of the most commonly encountered mycobiota (both yeasts and molds) were significantly inhibited or completely eliminated. Some unidentified Bacillus species were also recovered from the juice, however, their counts in the heated samples were increased but insignificantly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 2017

Candida exists in the oral cavity as normal flora, which is cultured in 7% of the population. And the development of candidiasis is usually related to the systemic or local immunosuppressed status such as diabetes, long-term antibiotics, steroid, radiation therapy or chemotherapy. However, isolated laryngeal candidiasis in immunocompetent patients is a rare entity with fewer than 40 cases reported in the world. Symptoms of laryngeal candidiasis are variable such as hoarseness, dysphagia, or odynophagia according to its extent, but it has clinical importance because of its resemblance with laryngeal premalignant or malignant lesions. Diagnosis is made by biopsy under direct laryngoscopy with special staining to identify the hyphae. In this article, we report a case of laryngeal candidiasis presented as leukoplakia localized on vocal fold with literature reviews.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.434-437
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• 2005

During the screening for the inhibitors of cellulose biosynthesis as herbicides, we discovered a Streptomyces sp. A6497 with a selective antifungal activity against cellulose containing Phytophthora parasitica, but not against cellulose lacking Candida albicans. The inhibitor was isolated and identified, using a series of chromatographies. Based on structure analyses with UV spectrophotometry, mass and various NMR, the inhibitor was identified as sangivamycin. The compound exhibited strong antifungal activities against P. parasitica (MIC; 3.125 $\mu$g/ml). In particular, it showed strong herbicidal activities against various weeds in the greenhouse experiment. Taken together, these results suggest that sangivamycin is a useful lead compound for the development of new herbicides.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.222-225
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• 2005

Stimulatory effects of near infra-red (NIR) rays radiation have been studied within the limits of photosynthesis, phototaxis, and photodermatology. While most of these studies have been done by direct NIR radiation, we investigated the effects of the NIR rays-treated materials on microbial growth. NIR in wavelength of 1,400${\~}$1,700 nm was applied for different kind of materials. Under fast growing conditions in rich media, materials treated with the NIR rays or not did not show any differences in growth of microorganisms. However, under slow growing conditions in minimal media, data showed that NIR rays-treated cloths and hygienic bands affect negatively on the growth of bacteria (Salmonella enteritidis) and fungi (Candida albicans). In addition, it was estimated that the effect of NIR rays on bacterial growth is kept going on S. enteritidis.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.517-523
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of the study is to investigate the antimicrobial activity of jaborandi and sorbitol to various oral microbes. Methods : Jaborandi leaves contain pilocarpine. The conditions for extraction were optimized on the basis of substances, temperatures and pHs. Total pilocarpine content after extraction was analyzed by HPLC. The herbal antimicrobial activity of jaborandi and sorbitol were evaluated for oral microbes containing ATCC 25175 S. mutans, ATCC 13419 S. salivarius, ATCC 6249 S. mitis, ATCC 33398 S. equi, ATCC 29213 S. aureus, ATCC 14053 C. albicans. Results : The optimum conditions for highest yielding extraction were pilocarpine content after boiling at $100^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour at pH 3. The level of total pilocarpine content was analyzed at 833 mg/kg by HPLC. The most effective antimicrobial activity was obtained by combination of pilocarpine and sorbitol rather than pilocarpine, menthol and sorbitol, respectively. Conclusions : This results supported the preventive oral health care using safe and convenient jaborandi herb.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.79-83
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• 2009

Acidolysis of olive oil with omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was carried out to produce a structured lipid. Novozym $435^{(R)}$ from Candida antarctica was used as the biocatalyst. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine optimum conditions for lipase-catalyzed enrichment of olive oil. Three factors, 5 levels, central composite design was used. The effects of incubation time, temperature, and substrate mole ratio on incorporation ratio (n-3 fatty acids/total fatty acids, %) were investigated. From the evaluation of response surface graphs, the optimal conditions for incorporation of long chain n-3 PUFAs into olive oil were $40-60^{\circ}C$ for temperature, 30-45 hr for reaction time, and 3:1-5:1 (n-3 fatty acids/olive oil) for substrate mole ratio. Experiments conducted under optimized conditions predicted by the model equation obtained from RSM yielded structured lipids with 50.8% n-3 PUFAs. This value agreed well with that predicted by the model. Oxidative stability tests showed that the product was more susceptible to oxidation than unmodified olive oil. Antioxidant addition improved the oxidative stability of the product.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2010

Past decade systemic mycoses caused by opportunistic human fungal pathogens, including Candida, Aspergillus, and Cryptococcus, have been a growing problem for both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Particularly, Cryptococcus neoformans has recently emerged as a major fungal pathogen, which can cause fungal pneumonia and meningitis that are lethal if not timely medicated. However, treatment for cryptococcosis has been difficult due to a lack of proper anti-cryptococcal drugs with fungicidal activity and less toxicity. In this review we introduced novel therapeutic methods for treating cryptococcosis by exploring pathogenomic signa1ing networks of C. neoformans with genome-wide transcriptome approaches as well as diverse molecular/genetic tools.