• 종양간호연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to identify the symptom severity, interference and their psychological predictors in thyroid cancer patients hospitalized for radioactive iodine administration. Methods: One hundred seventy-seven thyroid cancer patients admitted to the isolation room for Iodine ($I^{131}$) therapy were recruited. Subjects were asked to complete the questionnaire on core symptoms, thyroid cancer symptoms, interference, depression and state anxiety in the evening after receiving radioactive iodine therapy. Data was analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression with SPSS vs. 19. Results: Lack of appetite, drowsiness, sleep disturbance, fatigue, and nausea were the 5 most core symptoms. More than 20% of patients experienced moderate to severe thyroid cancer symptoms including feeling cold, hoarseness, swallowing difficulty, and feeling hot. More than 30% of subjects experienced moderate to severe interferences in mood, general activity, and 22% in walking. Depression and state anxiety were identified as predictors of core symptoms, thyroid symptom severity and interference. Conclusion: Nursing interventions to reduce the symptom severity and interference need to be developed by considering thyroid cancer patients' depression and anxiety when hospitalized in the isolation room for radioactive iodine administration.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.287-295
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to compare educational needs for discharge after thyroid cancer surgery between patients and nurses. Methods: The participants were 107 patients who had thyroid cancer surgery and 70 nurses who have had experience of taking care of patients with thyroid cancer surgery at P hospital in Busan. The researcher reviewed the literature and conducted a preliminary survey to develop a questionnaire. Results: Although there was no significant difference in total perceived nursing discharge educational needs after thyroid cancer surgery between patients and nurses, both had a high level of nursing educational needs for discharge. The degree of patients' needs was higher than nurses in areas of dietary management after discharge and the degree of nurses' needs was higher than patients in the other areas. Although the first ranking area of educational needs was medication management for both patients and nurses, dietary management after discharge was the second ranking for patients and operation site and complication management was those for nurses. Conclusions: As the patients had different educational needs from the nurses, nurses need to focus on the patient's educational needs and provide relevant information. Educational programs should be developed and applied to post-surgical thyroid cancer patients.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.215-219
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• 2014

Distant metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), particularly from papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, is rare. We present a case of perigastric lymph node metastasis from PTC in a patient with early gastric cancer and breast cancer. During post-surgical follow-up for breast cancer, a 56-year-old woman was diagnosed incidentally with early gastric cancer and synchronous left thyroid cancer. Therefore, laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with lymph node dissection and left thyroidectomy were performed. On the basis of the pathologic findings of the surgical specimens, the patient was diagnosed to have papillary thyroid microcarcinoma with perigastric lymph node metastasis and early gastric cancer with mucosal invasion. Finally, on the basis of immunohistochemical staining with galectin-3, the diagnosis of perigastric lymph node metastasis from PTC was made. When a patient has multiple primary malignancies with lymph node metastasis, careful pathologic examination of the surgical specimen is necessary; immunohistochemical staining may be helpful in determining the primary origin of lymph node metastasis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6385-6390
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• 2012

A number of studies have been conducted to explore the association of XRCC1 polymorphisms with thyroid cancer risk, but the results have been inconsistent. Thus we performed the present meta-analysis to clarify this issue based on all of the evidence available to date. Relevant studies were retrieved by searching PubMed and statistical analysis conducted using Stata software. Nine studies were included in this meta-analysis (1,620 cases and 3,557 controls). There were 6 studies (932 cases and 2,270 controls) of the Arg194Trp polymorphism, 7 studies (1432 cases and 3356 controls) of the Arg280His polymorphism and 9 studies (1,620 cases and 3,557 controls) for the Arg399Gln polymorphism. No association of XRCC1 Arg194Trp, Arg280His and Arg399Gln polymorphism with thyroid cancer risk was observed in the overall analysis. However, subgroup analysis revealed: 1) an elevated risk in aa vs AA analysis (OR=2.03, 95%CI= 1.24-3.31) and recessive genetic model analysis (OR=1.93, 95%CI= 1.20-3.08) in the larger sample size trials for XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism; 2) a decreased thyroid cancer risk on subgroup analysis based on ethnicity in Aa vs AA analysis (OR=0.84, 95%CI= 0.72-0.98) and in a dominant genetic model (OR=0.84, 95%CI= 0.72-0.97) in Caucasian populations for the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism; 3) a decreased thyroid cancer risk on subgroup analysis based on design type in Aa vs AA analysis (OR=0.72, 95% CI= 0.54-0.97) among the PCC trials for the Arg399Gln polymorphism. Our results suggest that the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism may be associated with decreased thyroid cancer risk among Caucasians and XRCC1 Arg194Trp may be associated with a tendency for increased thyroid cancer risk in the two larger sample size trials.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7457-7461
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• 2015

Some thyroid cancer patients undergone insufficient tumor removal in the primary surgery in China. our aim is to evaluate the impact of dissection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during a salvage thyroid cancer operation in these patients to prevent nerve injury. Clinical data of 49 enrolled patients who received a salvage thyroid operation were retrospectively reviewed. Primary pathology was thyroid papillary cancer. The initial procedure performed included nodulectomy (20 patients), partial thyroidectomy (19 patients) and subtotal thyroidectomy (10 patients). The effect of dissection and protection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the mechanism of nerve injury were studied. The cervical courses of the recurrent laryngeal nerves were successfully dissected in all cases. Nerves were adherent to or involved by scars in 22 cases. Three were ligated near the place where the nerve entered the larynx, while another three were cut near the intersection of inferior thyroid artery with the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Light hoarseness occurred to four patients without a preoperative voice change. In conclusion, accurate primary diagnosis allows for a sufficient primary operation to be performed, avoiding insufficient tumor removal that requires a secondary surgery. The most important cause of nerve damage resulted from not identifying the recurrent laryngeal nerve during first surgery, and meticulous dissection during salvage surgery was the most efficient method to avoid nerve damage.

• International journal of thyroidology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2018

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are widely used for the treatment of advanced radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. Although the previous studies including large-scale randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the effects of TKIs in advanced thyroid cancers, it has been found that most patients experienced adverse events (AEs). Unlike other cancers, even patients with advanced thyroid cancers are often asymptomatic. Rather, TKI use can make patients suffer adverse events. Therefore, the use of TKI should be decided after the full consideration of AEs as well as its efficacies. While using TKI, AEs should be monitored, evaluated, and managed appropriately, if AEs develop. In this review, the occurrence, evaluation, and management of AEs of sorafenib, lenvatinib, and vandetanib will be described, which TKIs are most commonly used for the treatment of advanced thyroid cancer. Some suggestions for the management of AEs in the real life are also provided.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.214-219
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• 1998

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of the low-dose(30mCi) I-131 ablation therapy for remnant thyroid tissue following total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer. Methods: Between March 1995 and December 1997, forty-eight patients were given ablative doses(30mCi) of I-131 after total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer in the presence of I-131 uptake in remnant thyroid tissue. Effective ablation of remnant thyroid tissue was determined by following I-131 whole body scan. if remnant thyroid tissue remained, we repeated the same management at 6 months interval. Results: Thirty-eight(79.1%) patients had papillary, 8(16.7%) follicular, 1(2.1%) medullary and 1(2.1%) Hurthle cell type cancer. Forty-eight patients underwent total thyroidectomy, among those central neck dissection was performed in 35 cases, and modified radical neck dissection in 14 cases. Postoperative complication developed in 8 cases, which included 4 cases of transient hypoparathyroidism, 1 case of permanent hypoparathyroidism, 2 cases of transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, and 1 case of wound hematoma. There were significant remnant thyroid tissue in 46 cases(95.8%) of patients after total thyroidectomy, which could be ablated by low dose(30mCi) I-131. There were no statistical difference between operative procedures and number of treatment of I-131. Conclusions: These results suggested that repeated low-dose(30mCi) I-131 therapy would be needed, therefore, high -dose I-131 therapy could be considered as ablation therapy for the remnant thyroid tissue after total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.134-137
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• 1996

Monoclonal antibody(TCM-9) against human thyroid cancers have been studied by screening with human thyroid cancers, normal and benign thyroid tissue, and normal human serum protein. A monoclonal antibody(TCM-9) that is known to have strong specificity for human thyroid cancer but not for Graves' disease, adenoma or normal thyroid does not bind to native or mature human thyroglobulin(Tg). We used to TCM-9 antibody by immunohistochemical staining on 5 follicular cancer, 2 follicular adenoma, 1 follicular neoplasm with suspicious invasion, 2 papillary cancer to ascertain being of help in differentiation between follicular carcinoma and adenoma. Reactivity of TCM-9 was observed in follicular carcinoma and papillary carcinoma but not observed in follicular adenoma. Thus TCM-9 is a novel monoclonal antibody against the thyroid cancer.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Thyroid cancer refers to various cancers arising from thyroid gland. Differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) include papillary, follicular, and Hurthle cell carcinomas and represent cancers retain normal thyroid functions such as iodine uptake. Radioactive iodine (RAI) is generally used for upfront treatment of metastatic DTCs, but RAI refractory DTCs remain to be clinical challenges. Sorafenib and lenvatinib were approved for the treatment of RAI refractory DTCs and more recently, genomics-based targeted therapies have been developed for NTRK and RET gene fusion-positive DTCs. Poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers (ATCs) are extremely challenging diseases with aggressive courses. BRAF/MEK inhibition has been proven to be highly effective in BRAF V600E mutation-positive ATCs and immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising activities. Medullary thyroid cancers, which arise from parafollicular cells of thyroid, represent a unique subset of thyroid cancer and mainly driven by RET mutation. In addition to vandetanib and cabozantinib, highly specific RET inhibitors such as selpercatinib and pralsetinib have demonstrated impressive activity and are in clinical use.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.3861-3864
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• 2016

Background: Adipokines are bioactive proteins that mediate metabolism, inflammation and angiogenesis. Changes in the secretion of key serum adipokines - adiponectin and letpin - may be associated with obesity, cancer and metabolic disorders. Thyroid cancer is one of the most important types of endocrine cancer. Therefore, investigating the association between serum levels of adiponectin and leptin and thyroid cancer might be important. The purpose of this study was to assess adiponectin and leptin levels in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) cases in order to identify novel tumor markers. Materials and Methods: This research was based on a case-control study, including 45 patients with medullary thyroid cancer (21 men and 24 women) and 45 healthy controls (24 males and 21 females). Adiponectin and leptin levels were measured by ELISA in both groups. Height and weight were measured and body mass index (kg/m2) was calculated. Results: Adiponectin and leptin levels were not significantly different between medullary thyroid carcinomas and the control group. Also, there was no correlation among age and body mass index and the disease. Conclusions: These results suggest that changes in serum adiponectin and leptin levels do not play an important role in the diagnosis or could act as as biomarkers for medullary thyroid cancer.