• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2465-2472
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• 2015

Background: The Quality Audit (BQA) program of the Breast Surgeons of Australia and New Zealand (NZ) collects data on early female breast cancer and its treatment. BQA data covered approximately half all early breast cancers diagnosed in NZ during roll-out of the BQA program in 1998-2010. Coverage increased progressively to about 80% by 2008. This is the biggest NZ breast cancer database outside the NZ Cancer Registry and it includes cancer and clinical management data not collected by the Registry. We used these BQA data to compare socio-demographic and cancer characteristics and survivals by ethnicity. Materials and Methods: BQA data for 1998-2010 diagnoses were linked to NZ death records using the National Health Index (NHI) for linking. Live cases were followed up to December $31^{st}$ 2010. Socio-demographic and invasive cancer characteristics and disease-specific survivals were compared by ethnicity. Results: Five-year survivals were 87% for Maori, 84% for Pacific, 91% for other NZ cases and 90% overall. This compared with the 86% survival reported for all female breast cases covered by the NZ Cancer Registry which also included more advanced stages. Patterns of survival by clinical risk factors accorded with patterns expected from the scientific literature. Compared with Other cases, Maori and Pacific women were younger, came from more deprived areas, and had larger cancers with more ductal and fewer lobular histology types. Their cancers were also less likely to have a triple negative phenotype. More of the Pacific women had vascular invasion. Maori women were more likely to reside in areas more remote from regional cancer centres, whereas Pacific women generally lived closer to these centres than Other NZ cases. Conclusions: NZ BQA data indicate previously unreported differences in breast cancer biology by ethnicity. Maori and Pacific women had reduced breast cancer survival compared with Other NZ women, after adjusting for socio-demographic and cancer characteristics. The potential contributions to survival differences of variations in service access, timeliness and quality of care, need to be examined, along with effects of comorbidity and biological factors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.1887-1893
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to detail characteristics of mammary Paget's disease (PD) representing the whole population in China. A total of 4211 female breast cancer inpatients at seven tertiary hospitals from seven representative geographical regions of China were collected randomly during 1999 to 2008. Data for demography, risk factors, diagnostic imaging test, physical examination and pathologic characters were surveyed and biomarker status was tested by immunohistochemistry. The differences of demography and risk factors between PD with breast cancer and other lesions were compared using Chi-square test or t-test, with attention to physical examination and pathological characters. The percentage of PD was 1.6% (68/4211) in all breast cancers. The mean age at diagnosis was 48.1, and 63.2% (43/68) patients were premenopausal. There is no difference in demography and risk factors between PD with breast cancer and other breast cancer (P > 0.05). The main pattern of PD in physical exam and pathologic pattern were patients presenting with a palpable mass in breast (65/68, 95.6%) and PD with underlying invasive cancer (82.4%, 56/68) respectively. The rate of multifocal disease was 7.4% (5/68). PD with invasive breast cancer showed larger tumor size, more multifocal disease, lower ER and PR expression and higher HER2 overexpression than those in other invasive breast cancer (P < 0.05). These results suggested that PD in China is a concomitant disease of breast cancer, and that PD with underlying invasive cancer has more multiple foci and more aggressive behavior compared with other breast invasive cancer. We address the urgent needs for establishing diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for mammary PD in China.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.29-45
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• 2006

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of stages of adoption in stomach cancer screening and elucidate differences among stages. Methods: A randomly selected sample of 712 Korean males and females aged 40 years or over were interviewed. Stomach cancer screening intention and behavior, sociodemographic characteristics, beliefs, self-efficacy and reinforcing characteristics were assessed. Results: The majority of participants were not on-schedule screening(unaware 3.2%, unengaged 20.8%, deciding about acting 24.0%, decided not to act 9.6%, decided to act 14.5%, acting 9.7%, maintenance 18.3%). Perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, other cancer screening experiences were significantly associated with higher compared to lower Precaution Adoption Process Model(PAPM) stages. Conclusions: This study appears to be applicable of the Precaution Adoption Process Model to understanding stomach cancer screening behavior. Our results suggest that it is needed to develop the tailored message for adherence of stomach cancer screening.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권19호
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• pp.8367-8370
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• 2014

The relationship between caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer is controversial, although Cav-1 plays an important role in tumor metastasis. To evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic value of expression in patients with gastric cancer, a meta-analysis was performed to investigate the impact on clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in gastric cancer cases. Studies assessing these parameters for Cav-1 in gastric cancer were identified up to June 2014. Finally, a total of six studies met the inclusion criteria. Our combined results showed that Cav-1 expression was significantly associated with the Lauren classification (pooled OR=0.603, 95% CI: 0.381-0.953, P=0.030). Furthermore, we found that Cav-1 expression predicted a better overall survival in gastric cancer patients (pooled OR=0.590, 95% CI: 0.360-0.970, P=0.038, fixed-effect). In conclusion, the overall data of the present meta analysis showed that Cav-1 expression was not correlated with clinicopathological features except for the Lauren classification. Simultaneously, Cav-1 overexpression predicted a better overall survival in gastric cancer. Cav-1 expression in tumors is a candidate positive prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer patients.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.61-76
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• 2011

Limited research has investigated the satisfaction of patients with cancer. This study was performed to explore patients' satisfaction and the related factors. The data were collected by telephone survey for the participants who were beneficiaries on the national financial aid program for cancer patients between January and October in 2009. Student's t-tests and analysis of variance were performed first to determine if the mean satisfaction score differed by the characteristics of study objects, followed by stepwise multiple regression analyses to examine the factors affecting satisfaction. When comparing the relating factors with patients' satisfaction according to the sociodemographic characteristics, the male, old-aged, higher educated, lower cancer stage, lung cancer group showed a significantly higher level of recognition for satisfaction. A public health center, better public relations, recognized more helpful, don't have expectation, put a person to expense, and don't feel pressured for medical cost groups were showed a higher level of recognition for satisfaction. The result of the multiple regression analysis, short waiting time, well known program policy, recognized helping of policy and had the financial burden had significantly influence on the satisfaction of patients with cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1959-1964
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• 2015

Purpose: To investigate the distribution of liver cancer mortality as well as its developing trend from 1991 to 2012, forecast the future five-year trend, and provide a basis for the comprehensive prevention and management. Materials and Methods: Mortality data for liver cancer in China from 1991 to 2012 were used to describe characteristics and distribution of liver cancer mortality. Trend surface analysis was used to study the geographical distribution of liver cancer mortality. Curve estimation, time series modeling, gray modeling (GM) and joinpoint regression were used to predict and forecast future trends. Results: The mortality rate of liver cancer has constantly increased in China since 1991. Rates in rural areas are higher than in urban areas, and in males are higher than in females. In addition, our data predicted that the trend will continue to increase in the next 5 years. The age-specific mortality of liver cancer increases with age and peaks in the group of 80-84 years old. Geographical analysis showed the liver mortality rate was higher in the southeast provinces, such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong, and southwest regions like Guangxi Province. Conclusions: The standardized mortality rate of liver cancer in China has consistently increased from 1991 to 2012, and the upward trend is predicted to continue in the future. Much better prevention and management of liver cancer is needed in high mortality areas (the southwestern and southeastern parts of China) and high mortality age groups (80- to 84-year-olds), especially in rural areas.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1371-1374
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• 2015

Background: Tongue cancer is one of the leading sites of cancer in our population. Aim: To evaluate the socio-demographic profiles and stages at diagnosis of oral tongue (OT) and base of tongue (BT) cancers, and identify any possible variations in characteristics. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on tongue cancer cases, divided into OT and BT, registered at the hospital cancer registry of North-East India during January 2010 to May 2013. Cases were analyzed for age, gender, residential status and different levels of education for patients, the stage at diagnosis and presence of distant metastasis. Results: A total of 1,113 cases of tongue cancers were registered, 846(76.1%) of BT and 267(23.9%) of OT. While 33.9% of BT cancer patients were above 65 years of age, the figure for OT cancers was 18.4%, stages III and IV accounting for 90.8% and 77%, respectively. The relative risk for distant metastasis in OT cancers was 3.3 (95% CI 1.08-10.1, p=0.03). Conclusions: In the subsites of tongue cancers in our population, the majority arose from the base of tongue, these tending to occur in older individuals and presenting at late stage.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.249-259
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the patient characteristics significantly affecting nursing outcomes and their predictability in gastrointestinal surgery patients. Method: The subjects were 149 abdominal surgery patients from 3 general surgical nursing units of 3 general hospitals. Two instruments were used to measure nursing outcomes and acuity of the subjects. The nursing outcomes were measured at post-operation 4 and 7days using review of patients' records, observation of patients, and interviews with patients by a trained nurse. For data analysis, T-test or ANOVA, Pearson Correlation and Stepwise Multiple Regression were done. Result: Age, severity score, diagnosis, cancer or not, operation site were the subjects' characteristics that were significantly related to the nursing outcomes in both post-operation 4 and 7days. Cancer or not, age, diagnosis and severity score were the significant predictors for the scores of nursing outcome in post-operation 4days and the predictability was 34.9%. The predictability of cancer or not was highest, 22.6%. Age, diagnosis and cancer or not were the significant predictors for the scores of nursing outcome in post-operation 7days and the predictability was 27.8%. The predictability of age was highest, 17.3%. Conclusions: The patient characteristics affecting nursing outcomes should be considered when nursing care is planned and provided. Especially, careful attention should be given to the patients with cancer and older age. And, these patient characteristics should be adjusted for correct estimation of the effectiveness of nursing interventions on nursing outcomes.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.296-303
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• 2017

Background: This study purposed to analyze regional factors related to gastric cancer screening rate provided by national cancer screening program in Korea. Methods: The unit of analysis was administrative districts of si gun gu level. Dependent variable was regional gastric cancer screening rate provided by national cancer screening program, and regional variables were selected to represent the regional characteristics such as demographic, health behavior and status, socioeconomic, and health resource. Tobit regression was applied for the analysis. Results: Analysis results showed that gastric cancer screening rate was varied depending on regions from 47.8% to 69.1%. Tobit regression showed that gastric cancer screening rate had negative relationships with smoking rate, financial independence rate, and National Health Insurance premium per capita. And regional gastric cancer screening rate had positive relationships with sex ratio and number of gastric cancer screening center. Conclusion: Regional characteristics should be considered in establishing regional policies for increasing the gastric cancer screening rate.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2014

Purpose : This study was to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise therapies for breast cancer patients through review analysis of the rehabilitation they had usually received to increase the quality of their lives. Exercise therapy for breast cancer patients has proven to be highly effective, so it is strongly recommended. Method : Focusing on breast cancer-related journal articles published since 1990, an analysis using the Spolit and Medline search engines was undertaken of breast krebs, tumors, cancer, sportaktivitaet, and exercise in patients with breast cancer. Exercise for breast cancer patients has been considered to have positive effects on fatigue, muscle weakness, and the range of motion of upper extremities, as well as on depression. Breast cancer patients have to be divided according to their identifying clinical characteristics, and then have to be prescribed a suitable exercise program. In accordance with previous articles, a varied exercise program was organized in terms of frequency, duration, and intensity. The frequency was more than three times per week. Its duration was about 30 minutes per session. Result : The intensity of exercise was moderate. The types of exercises included recommended strengthening exercises, as well as various aerobic exercises. Based on previous data, a new exercise method for breast cancer patients was introduced in this study. Conclusion : Above all, exercise programs should be planned according to the different characteristics of breast cancer patients, in order to reduce physical impairments and psychological problems.