• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.8-24
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• 1994

Because of the underground existence of roots, a few studies have been reported on root system. The developmental information of roots should be understood for the studies of specific tree traits and the influence of such traits on the soil surface fixation. In order to clarify the specific character of pine forest in Kangwon Province, the investigation on the form and distribution of root system of pine trees were carried out for 5 trees in the Campus Forest, Kangwon National Univ.. Root form was very well in flat root. As soil depth was approximatly 50cm, fine roots were very sparsly distributed(+), roots of 0.2cm in diameter were most common and roots > 0.2cm were very rare, also thickness thined. 60~70% all the roots were developed at the depth of 0~30cm, where big roots were below 0.9cm in diameter and fine roots were higly sparse(+).

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.251-259
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• 2021

The basic for the achievement of the community forestry rests within the Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs). They are responsible to establish good governance, sustainable forest management and improve people's livelihoods. The study aimed to assess the governance score prevailing in CFUGs using stratified random sampling. Our study shows the governance score of 64.17% in community forests with highest 73.94% in Bhotechaur community forest and lowest 56.60% in Tinkanya community forest. Among the eight elements of good governance, consensus-oriented was found highest while responsiveness was lowest in the study area. Further, the independent variables such as well-being ranking (χ²=21.695, df=6, p<0.01), source of income (χ²=20.474, df=6, p<0.01) and education status (χ²=17.450, df=6, p<0.01) has significant impact on governance. Based upon the findings, it is very clear that good governance in CFs are more than average but still not up to the mark. Finally, it calls for rethinking that involving all the stakeholders during planning phases delineating the responsibility and power for correspondents can make possible in achieving sustainability in community forest.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.199-208
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• 2018

Quercus floribunda (Tilonj oak) is among the five species of Quercus and an evergreen tree found in Kumaun Himalayan region. Timing of germination is a crucial event determining the success of seedling establishment and survival. The aims of the study were to investigate the effect of sowing date on the germination and morphological responses of Tilonj oak (Quercus floribunda), cultivated during the month of August-September, with supplementary irrigation. The experiment was conducted by sowing seeds at two dates with one month interval in glass house conditions at DSB Campus, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India. Present study revealed that higher germination percentage (46.67 %) was recorded at sowing time $S_2$ as compared to the sowing time $S_1$ (32.86 %). Germination percentage as well as seedling growth were affected by sowing date though the differences were insignificant. At both the sowing dates, highest germination percentage was recorded for large seeds (32.86-46.67 %) followed by medium (31.43-33.33 %) and lowest germination (6.67-7.14 %) was recorded for small size seeds. In all parameters assessed, sowing time $S_2$ had the best performance in combination with large seed size. Thus, September is suitable month for best germination, growth and seedling vigour and large seed size is recommended to silviculturists and tree planters. The information on seed germination and seedling growth is vital both for conservation and rehabilitation of degraded lands.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.363-375
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• 2020

Background and objective: Recreation or activities in forest are regarded as therapy. Many forest therapy programs have been developed and assessed in the domestic. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the forest therapy program on academic and job-seeking stress in college students. Methods: Thirty five subjects were selected as the experimental group and 25 as the control group, and 29 subjects in the experimental group and 11 in the control group participated in the follow-up test to verify the persistence of stress reduction effects. The forest therapy program was carried out once a week for 2 hours each from September 4 to December 4, 2018, adding up to total eight sessions. Results: The experimental group showed statistically significant reduction in both academic stress and job-seeking stress, whereas the control group did not. For the persistence of the forest therapy program, the experimental group did not show a statistically significant difference between the posttest and the follow-up test, and thus the stress reduction effect was maintained. Conclusion: This study proved the reduction of academic and job-seeking stress in forest therapy programs and the persistence of the stress reduction effect of the forest therapy program. The result is consistent with the Stress Recovery Theory (SRT) that shows the stress reduction effect of nature. In addition, it has significance in that it has verified that the program using the forest on campus can reduce stress of most college students.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.5 s.162
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• pp.338-341
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• 2005

This study was conducted to describe the differences in artificial nest boxes use of tits between deciduous and coniferous forests at 2nd campus of Chung-Ang University ($37^{\circ}00^{\prime}04^{{\prime}{\prime}}N$, $127^{\circ}13^{\prime}96^{{\prime}{\prime}}E$), Ansung, Korea from January to August 2005. Tree species richness, tree species diversity index (H') and total basal areas were higher in deciduous forest than in coniferous forest. High, middle, low and understory canopy layers were more developed in deciduous forest, except the coverage of bush-ground layer. Varied tit Parus varius, marsh tit P. palustris and great tit P. major used the artificial nest boxes in this study. Number of breeding pairs of tits used artificial nest boxes, clutch size, and weight and size of eggs were higher in deciduous forest than in coniferous forest. The differences in habitat structure between study sites are very likely to have influenced how breeding birds used the available habitat. Artificial nest boxes could be used as management and conservation tool for birds, particularly in areas, where the availability of natural cavities and coverage of higher layer are limited.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.104-107
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• 2021

전 세계적으로 건조한 지역이 늘어남에 따라 산불 발생 빈도가 증가하고 있다. 이에 대한 대안으로 센서를 이용한 산불 감지 시스템의 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 기존의 서버가 센서의 작동시간 설정값을 보내는 방식은 산불 발생 빈도가 높은 환경에서는 산불 감지가 늦어지고 산불 발생 빈도가 낮은 환경에서는 불필요한 산불 감지로 센서의 생명주기 낮아지는 비효율적인 면이 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 센서 기반 산불 감지 시스템을 위한 향상된 센싱 주기 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 센싱 주기 기법은 환경 요인, 센서의 작동시간 알고리즘을 이용하여 환경에 맞는 센서의 작동시간 설정값을 결정한다. 그 후 센서의 화재 감지 알고리즘을 통해 센서는 서버로부터 설정값을 받아 운용모드로 전환하여 화재상황이 났을 시에 서버로 메세지를 보낸 후 생명주기를 위해 저전력모드로 전환한다. 성능평가를 통해 기존의 방식보다 평균 18.1분 빠르게 화재상황을 감지할 수 있고 소모전력도 2.2mA만큼 낮았다. 향우 실제 화재환경에서의 성능평가가 필요하다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.2
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• pp.155-159
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• 2006

An efficient method for in vitro propagation of the medicinal plant Hovenia duleis, was established. Plantlets for micropropagation of H. dulcis were obtained from in vitro germinated seeds. The effectiveness of various levels of cytokinins (BAP, Kinetin and TDZ) on multiple shoot formation from stem nodes was tested. BAP (1.0 mg/L) treatment induced highest number of multiple shoots. The growth pattern of plantlet on various culture media was undertaken. The shoot elongation was optimal on 2MS basal medium without growth regulators. The in vitro rooting ability of H. dulcis shoots was examined with two-auxins IAA and IBA. The IAA (1.0 mg/L) treatments induced earliest rooting with maximum number of roots and root growth. Rooted shoots were transferred directly to small pots with artificial soil and such established plant exhibited a normal growth pattern similar to wild plantlet.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.457-466
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of 6 hardwoods before and after heat treatment in an effort to produce the high quality industrial lumber product. The results were as follows. Specific gravities of green woods were in range from 0.90 to 1.10. The specific gravities of never treated woods showed higher than those of the heat treated woods. The shrinkage of heat treated woods when green to air & oven dry was significantly low, compared to never treated woods. The compression strengths parallel to grain of heat treated woods showed higher than those of never treated woods. The moduli of rupture (MOR) of never treated and heat treated woods were $176.4N/mm^2{\sim}102.8N/mm^2$ and $100.1N/mm^2{\sim}61.2N/mm^2$ respectively. MORs of heat treated woods showed lower than those of never treated woods. There was no significant change in the modulus of elasticity (MOE) before and after heat treatment.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.268-271
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• 2019

Mushroom survey and collection were conducted in the Phousabous National Protected Area (PNPA), which is located at the Northeastern area 230km from the capital city of Lao-PDR, Vientiane, from April 2017 to September 2018. During this periods, mushroom specimens were collected from 8 different locations, and then they were identified and classified into 284 species, 142 genera, 56 families, 20 orders and 7 classes by morphological and molecular analyses. The mushrooms belongs to Ascomycota were classified into 10 species, 5 genera, 5 families, 4 orders and 3 classes, while those belongs to Basidiomycota were classified into 274 species, 137 genera, 51 families, 16 orders, and 4 classes, respectively. Among these mushrooms, the most species-rich families are Boletaceae (16.06%), Polyporaceae (10.12%), Russulaceae (9.94%), Amanitaceae (7.68%), Agaricaceae (4.54%), Marasmiaceae (4.36%), Cortinariaceae (3.66%), Entolomataceae (3.66%), Mycenaceae (2.79%), Xylariaceae (2.44%), Physalacriaceae (2.09%), Omphalotaceae (2.09%), Hydnangitaceae (2.09%), Lyophyllaceae (1.92%), Tricholomataceae (1.75%) and comprised 75.19% of the total specimens identified.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.384-390
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• 2004

An in vtro nucellar polyembryo propagation method was established with mature seed of the Citrus junos Sieb. 7-8 nucellar polyembryos per seed were induced on MS basal medium without plant growth regulators. The polyembryos developed to complete plantlets on teatment with IBA. These shoots grew further in MS medium without plant growth regulators. Rooting of shoots occurred on MS medium supplemented with IBA. These plantlets were successfully transplanted to small plastic pot containing soil mixture. Somatic embryos were induced from nucellar polyembryo and maturation occurred spontaneously from proliferating cultures on MS medium without growth regulators. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker analysis of in vitro and in vivo grown junos orange showed identical polymorphism indicative of their genetic stability. The RAPD polymorphism produced revealed same banding pattern in each regenerant. Hence, propagaton of junos orange by nucellalr polyembryos was efficient and produced in genetically stable plants under in vitro conditions.